医科大学生科学素质教育探析

转变教育观念,深化教育改革,重视和加强医科大学生的科学素质教育,是当今时代赋予高等医学院校的责任。文章论述了加强医科大学生科学素质教育是当今时代的要求,透析了目前医科大学生科学素质不高的现状和原因,提出了加强医科大学生科学素质教育的途径和方法。     

医科大学生人格特征的研究

人格是一个人区别于他人的稳定而统一的心理特征,是一个人心理品质的核心内容之一。在当今社会转型、发展迅速的时期,人们普遍感到学习、生活、就业压力增大,心理问题增多,有研究认为医科大学生的心理健康水平不高[1],而人格因素是影响心理健康的主要因素[2],因此研究医科大学生人格特征变化,对提高医科大学生的心理素质,增强心理健康水平,改进医学院校的教育工作很有意义。     

医科大学生的人文素质教育问题探析

人文素质是现实和未来对人的需求。受历史、传统、社会、现实等因素的影响,医科大学生人文素质相对滞后。本文作者以在医学院教学的亲身体会,试图探讨医科大学生人文素质的现状、原因及解决的途径。     

医科大学生学习适应性与网络成瘾倾向研究

目的探讨医科大学生的学习适应状况与网络成癌倾向的关系.方法采用修订的"大学生学习适应问卷"和"中文网络成瘾量表"对6所医科院校的900名医科大学生进行测试,对医科大学生的学习适应状况与网络成瘾倾向进行相关分析.结果医科大学生在专业兴趣、求助行为、压力应对和信息利用等方面存在适应性不良,各方面发展不平衡等问题.其网络成瘾倾向群体的检出率为9.18%.医科大学生学习适应性与网络成瘾倾向差异非常显著(P<0.001),网络成瘾倾向群体学习适应性各成分与网络成瘾倾向之间有相关性(P<0.01).结论医科大学生的学习适应状况与网络成癌倾向有密切关系.     

高等医学院校的素质教育与医科大学生的全面发展

本文阐述了高等医学院校的素质教育与医科大学生的全面发展的深刻内涵。认为：高等医学院校的素质教育是医科大学生全面发展的途径和手段；医科大学生的全面发展是高等医学院校素质教育的目标和任务。并就高等医学院校素质教育的落实提出了一些建议。     

医科大学生休闲现状调查及休闲教育对策分析

闲暇时间的增多，使休闲教育的问题目益凸显，医科大学生有较多的休闲时间，但是经过调查，有60％以上的医科大学生的休闲时间都用于上网聊天和睡觉，停留在寻求刺激摆脱我们单调的层次。本研究在了解医科大学生休闲现状的基础上提出相应的休闲教育的对策：（1）开展休闲教育的理论课程；（2）加强宣传力度和组织引导；（3）把体育课作为休闲教育的载体；（四）拓展学生的课外活动。对促进医科大学生的休闲教育有着积极的现实意义。     

高等医学院校的素质教育与医科大学的全面发展

本阐述了高等医学院校的素质教育与医科大学的全面发展的深刻内涵,认为：高等医学院校的素质教育是医科大学生全面发展的途径和手段,医科大学生的全面发展是高等医学院校素质教育的目标和任务,并就高等医学院校素质教育的落实提出了一些建议。     

医科大学生依恋模式与应对方式和抑郁焦虑相关性分析

目的探讨医科大学学生依恋模式及其对应对策略和情绪的影响,以期为医科大学生心理健康研究提供新的探索方向。方法采用关系问卷中文版、亲密关系体验问卷、应对方式问卷、抑郁焦虑自评量表对医科大学生898人进行调查,了解医科大学生依恋模式与应对方式和负性情绪的关系。结果安全型依恋大学生更多地采取积极的应对策略(P<0.01),抑郁焦虑得分最低(P<0.01);而惧怕型和焦虑型依恋者更倾向于使用消极的应对策略(P<0.01),抑郁焦虑得分较高(P<0.01)。结论医科大学生的依恋类型可能影响他们的心理健康水平。     

理工医科大学生创造性思维的培养途径与方法

当今的世界是一个创造的世界。理工医科大学生为了更好地适应这个世界，改造这个世界，就必须要有创造性思维。本文从大学生创造性思维的培养途径与方法来探讨了理工医科大学生创造性思维的培养。     

团体心理咨询对医科大学生心理健康水平的影响研究

本研究以医学院四个年级的医学生为研究对象，采取修补试验设计的方法，应用团体咨询技术，对医科大学生的健康信念、自信心和心理健康水平进行干预。统计结果显示：团体咨询对医科大学生改善人际关系，去除躯体症状，克服抑郁、敌对、恐怖、偏执等方面；有良好的作用。特别是对大学一年级新生顺利度过适应期，健康地开始大学生活和对遭遇生活压力事件的医科大学生的心理调试有积极的作用。该研究提示，团体咨询是高校大学生心理健康工作可采取的一种有效的方法，对于“发展性心理咨询”有积极的效果。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Electro-Acupuncture Combined with the Trigger Point Needle-Embedding for Treatment of Primary Trigeminal Neuralgia in 31 Cases

In recent years, the author of this essay has applied electro-acupuncture combined with the trigger point needle-embedding for treatment of primary trigeminal neuralgia in 31 cases, yielding satis- factory results as reported in the following.     

Investigation of Matrix Metalloproteinase -1, 2 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 in Endometriosis

Objective： To explore the role of matrix metalloproteinase-1,2 （MMP-1, MMP-2） and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 （TIMP-1） in endometriosis. Methods： The eutopic and ectopic endometria from 40 subjects suffering from endometriosis and regular.endometria from 40 subjects （excluding endometriosis） were collected and examined by in situ hybridization technology and western blot assay. Results： Both expressions of MMP-1 and -2 were stronger in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium than in normal endometrium. On the contrary, the expression of TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium was lower. The differences were significant （P 〈 0.01 ）. Moreover, there was no relationship among the expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium. Conclusion： The expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 lose balance and lack of periodic changes in ectopic endometrium , which explains the biological invasive behavior of endometriosis. It was suggested-that regulating the balance between the MMPs and TIMP-1 should be an ideal therapeutic target to endometriosis.     

Shi Da-zhuo (史大卓) —An outstanding cardiologist of integrative medicine

Prof. SHI Da-zhuo, Ph.D., male, was born on March 20, 1960. Prof. SHI entered the Ph.D. program in 1990 at the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences under the supervision of Prof. CHEN Ke-ji, majoring in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. After receiving his Ph.D. degree in 1993, Prof. SHI started working at the Cardiovascular Center in Xiyuan Hospital affiliated to China Academy of Chinese Medical sciences.     

Persist in and Carry Forward the Integrative Medical Research——Speech at the 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine by Academician CHEN Zhu,Minister of Ministry of Health

The 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine （CALM） was convened at 19-20, April 2008 in Beijing. Academician CHEN Zhu, the minister of Ministry of Health indicated at the congress that the integration of Chinese and Western medicine is very well in keeping with the situation of our country and the general rule of development in medical science; and as a good integration of Chinese medicine and Western medicine, it is mutually beneficial and advantageous to both of them. Seeing the creativity shown in integrative medical investigation in theoretic and methodological sides, we should and must persist in and develop it.