供精自愿者的心理顾虑及其对策

探讨我国人类精子库面临精源困难的原因，对浙江省计划生育科学技术研究所人类精子库1168名供精自愿者的心理状况进行分析，发现供精自愿者存在不同的心理顾虑，包括害怕资料泄密、对子代负有责任、子代近亲结婚、伤害身体以及影响学习或工作等，通过对供精自愿者心理顾虑因素及对策分析，以期解除他们有关的心理疑虑，提高供精员数量。     

供精自愿人群生物学特征与精液指标的相关性分析

目的:探讨供精自愿人群的生物学特征与精液指标的关系。方法:778例初次捐献精液的供精自愿者的精液用WHO推荐的标准化方法在计算机辅助精子分析系统上检测精子密度、活动率、曲线速度(VCL)、直线速度(VSL)、平均路径速度(VAP)、精子头侧摆幅度(ALH)、直线性(LIN)、前向性(STR)、鞭打频率(BCF)等精液指标,并登记相应的生物学特征。结果:供精自愿者中在校学生的比例超过1/3,89.2%年龄35岁以下,71.6%身高为166~175 cm,91.7%属于正常体重,77.1%具有专科及以上文化程度;精子密度的中位数为107.00×106/m l,活动率的中位数为75%;生物学特征与精液指标的综合分析显示与年龄有较弱的相关关系的指标包括:精子密度(r=0.210,P=0.000)、活动率(r=0.213,P=0.000)、容积(r=0.165,P=0.002)、VAP(r=0.259,P=0.000)、VSL(r=0.281,P=0.000)、VCL(r=0.190,P=0.000)、BCF(r=-0.243,P=0.000)、LIN(r=0.192,P=0.000),26~35岁组人群的相关精液指标稍优于20~25岁组;身高与各精液指标无关。职业对精液指标ALH没有影响(P=0.695/0.886),而对其他精液指标都有影响(P<0.01)。结论:年龄、职业对精液指标ALH没有影响,对其他精液指标都有一定的影响;身高对精液指标数值没有显著影响。     

512例供精志愿者初次精液筛查结果分析

目的 :了解供精志愿者的精液质量状况。　方法 :用WHO推荐的标准化方法和计算机辅助精子分析(CASA)系统检查 5 12例供精志愿者首次精液样本的参数。　结果 :4 8% (2 4 6例 )具有潜在的生育能力 ,但其中只有2 8.5 % (14 6例 )达到卫生部供精质量标准 ,高达 5 2 % (2 6 6例 )未达到WHO的正常人参考值水平。　结论 :对未达到供精质量标准的志愿者 ,做纵向的精液分析追踪能提高精液合格率。供精人群的精液质量状况提示关注男性生殖健康是必要的。     

Semen Parameters and Capacitation

A relationship exists between several semen parameters and the ability of spermatozoa to capacitate. The increase of oligoteratozoospermia, which could be related to testicular dysfunction, is correlated with the decrease of the percentage of spermatozoa able to "capacitate". The increase of loss of motility with time, which could be related to abnormalities of the seminal fluid, is also correlated with a decreased number of spermatozoa able to "capacitate".     

Immature Germ Cells in Semen and their Correlations with other Semen Parameters

Purpose: The significance of the presence of leukocytes and immature germ cells in semen and other parameters of semen is currently a subject of controversy. Materials and methods: Semen from 572 subfertile patients was analyzed according to WHO criteria and leukocytes as well as immature germ cells were assessed by identifying the round cells in semen by peroxidase staining. Microbiological investigation was carried out in cases with leukocyte counts of >1,000,000/ml. Results: It was found that as the concentration of spermatozoa decreased the rate of immature germ cells increased and this increase was accompanied by a decrease in motility and in the number of spermatozoa with normal morphology. As the sperm count increased, motility, number of spermatozoa with normal morphology and of immature germ cells also increased whereas an increase in sperm motility was accompanied by an increase in the percentage of spermatozoa with normal morphology. Microbiological investigations were negative in patients with semen leukocyte counts of >1,000,000/ml. Conclusions: Although it is possible to establish that the leukocyte and immature germ cell counts correlate with other parameters of semen, these correlations are not statistically significant. The most significant finding is that as the number of sperms decreases, the ratio of immature germ cells to total germ cells increases. While assessing immature germ cells instead of giving special attention to the number of immature germ cells in semen, the ratio of immature germ cells to total germ cells should be considered. The increase of leukocyte count in the semen of oligospermic patients may not always mean leukospermia.     

Clinical and Histopathologic Comparative Analysis Between Kidney Transplant Recipients From Expanded-Criteria Donors and Standard-Criteria Donors

Owing to the disparity between the supply of kidney donors and demand, the use of organs from older deceased donors was initiated in recent years. The potentially poor outcome of these grafts is a major concern. This retrospective study compares graft and patient 1-year survivals between recipients from expanded-criteria donors (ECD; n = 30) and standard-criteria donors (SCD; n = 104). Rates of delayed graft function (DGF), acute rejection (AR), and chronic injury in the pre-implantation biopsy were also assessed. Increasing donor age was associated with increased rates of DGF, and DGF correlated with AR. Cold ischemia time >30 hours was associated with worse graft outcomes. Induction with Simulect correlated with better patient survival compared with Timoglobulina. Chronic injury pre-implantation biopsy correlated with worse renal function, but graft survival was similar. Death-censored graft survival at 1 year was 90% and patient survival 82%, and these were similar in ECD and SCD recipients. Selection of transplant candidates for ECD kidneys must be performed with caution. One-year graft survival was similar to that of SCD kidneys, but kidney function was worse during the same period. This may result in poorer graft survival over longer follow-up.     

Semen characteristics in pubertal boys. IV. Semen quality and hormone profile

The biological quality of semen was contrasted with levels of FSH, LH, and testosterone in plasma. The level of FSH rises significantly from azoospermia/cryptozoospermia (3.87 +/- 1.1 mU/ml) to asthenozoospermia (5.73 +/- 2.11 mU/ml). In normospermia, however (4.63 +/- 1.88 mU/ml), the level of FSH decreases in a statistically significant manner and remains at the standard level. Comparing the level of LH to the quality of semen, it rises in a statistically significant manner from azoospermia/cryptozoospermia (6.46 +/- 1.35 mU/ml) to oligozoospermia (9.03 +/- 3.35 mU/ml). The level decreases in a statistically significant manner in normospermia (7.15 +/- 1.69 mU/ml). The level of testosterone shows a progressive linear growth from azoospermia/cryptozoospermia (6.03 +/- 2.09 micrograms/ml) to normospermia (6.55 +/- 2.12 micrograms/ml). The growth is statistically insignificant.