钴铬合金表面粗糙度对口内常见细菌黏附的影响

目的:观察并分析口腔常见菌种在不同表面粗糙度的钴铬合金修复体表面黏附和定植的数量,为临床制作良好的修复体和尽可能减少细菌在修复体表面附着和定植提供参考.方法:所有钴铬合金样本按不同步骤打磨抛光后,应用表面粗糙度仪MAHR M1测试其表面粗糙度,按不同粗糙度分为6组.将6组试件放入含有变形链球菌(Ua)、内氏放线菌(An)和牙龈卟啉单胞菌(Pg)的混合培养基中作厌氧培养,24h后分别定量检测各组试件表面黏附的细菌数量以及液体培养基中的细菌数量,将结果采用SPSS6.0软件包进行方差分析.结果:各组试件的表面粗糙度有显著差异(P<0.05).各组试件表面及液体培养基中均检测不到Pg,24h后,Ua和An在钴铬合金各组表面黏附定植的数量均有显著差异(P<0.05),细菌定植总数也有显著差异(P<0.05).结论:3种细菌混合培养时,Pg受到强烈的抑制.钴铬合金不同的表面粗糙度导致细菌黏附定植数量显著差异,粗糙度越大,细菌黏附量越多.临床应采用高度抛光的钴铬合金修复体,以尽量减少修复体表面的细菌黏附.     

变形链球菌黏附对铜铝合金、钴铬合金表面粗糙度影响的初步研究

目的研究变形链球菌黏附对铜铝合金、钴铬合金表面粗糙度的影响。方法用6JA型干涉显微镜测量金属试件的表面粗糙度,了解变形链球菌黏附铜铝合金、钴铬合金表面一段时间后,金属表面粗糙度的变化。结果钴铬合金试件空白组、实验组6周、10周3组金属试件表面粗糙度(Rz)均值总体之间差异无显著性(P>0.05)。铜铝合金试件空白组、实验组(8周)、对照组(8周)3组金属试件Rz均值总体之间差异有显著性(P<0.05),两两比较,各组间差异均有显著性(P<0.05)。结论变形链球菌黏附钴铬合金表面短时间内金属表面粗糙度无明显变化,黏附铜铝合金表面粗糙度变化明显。     

两种抛光方法对纯钛和钴铬合金粗糙度的影响

目的：研究两种抛光方法对纯钛和钴铬合金表面粗糙度的影响。方法：将纯钛和钴铬合金各分为3组,除一个对照组外,其余两组分别进行机械法和化学法抛光。记录试件抛光后的减重率（wt%）,测量表面粗糙度Ra值,并用扫描电镜（SEM）观察试件表面形态变化。结果：同种金属经过不同抛光处理后,减重率和表面粗糙度Ra值都有显著差异（P〈0.01）,且纯钛和钴铬合金分别经过同种抛光处理后,减重率和表面粗糙度也均有显著差异（P〈0.01）。扫描电镜观察表明,化学抛光后钴铬合金表面更加光滑,均匀一致。结论：与纯钛相比,钴铬合金更容易抛光,且化学法比机械法更易于获得良好的金属表面。     

白色念珠菌对钛合金及钴铬合金腐蚀影响的研究

目的研究口腔白色念珠菌对钛合金及钴铬合金腐蚀的影响。方法将钛合金和钴铬合金随机分成空白对照组,实验对照组及实验组。在需氧环境中将白色念珠菌接种到沙保罗葡萄糖液体培养基中,试件浸在培养基中,每周更换1次培养基,并接种1次,共20周。然后用表面轮廓仪测定表面粗糙度,并进行统计学分析。结果钛合金试件空白组、实验对照组、实验组金属试件表面粗糙度均值总体之间差异无显著性。钴铬合金试件空白组、实验对照组、实验组组金属试件均值总体之间差异有显著性,两两比较,各组间差异均有显著性。结论白色念珠菌黏附钛合金表面短时间内金属表面粗糙度无明显变化,黏附钴铬合金表面粗糙度变化明显。     

钴铬合金铸件表面研抛程序的评价

目的：研究合理的钴铬合金铸件表面研抛程序。方法：通过测量９０个钴铬合金试件的表面粗糙度，对８种常用的研抛程序进行评价。结果：钴铬合金试件表面最佳研抛程序为喷砂，绿色砂石，金刚砂橡皮轮或电解抛光，硬橡皮轮，擦有抛光绿的绒轮。结论：钴铬合金铸件表面按合乎逻辑的程序研抛才能获得较低的表面粗糙度。     

三种口腔修复支架材料调磨后不同抛光方法对其表面粗糙度的影响

目的：研究钴铬合金、高钻铬钼合金（Vitallium2000合金）和纯钛三种支架材料调磨后不同的抛光方法对其粗糙度的影响,为临床选择合适的抛光方法提供参考。方法：将三种金属铸件常规抛光,每种金属均匀调磨后按不同处理方式随机分成四组,用粗糙度测试仪测量各组的粗糙度值并进行统计学分析,电子显微镜观察铸件表面形貌。结果：相同的材料,随着抛光程序的增加,其表面粗糙度值除钴铬合金和Vitallium2000中使用抛光机布轮加抛光液组和使用绒轮加抛光膏组结果差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）外,其它组均明显下降,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;相同的抛光方法,纯钛组所测得的粗糙度值比钻铬,VitaUium2000合金组大,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。钴铬和Vitallium2000组每组间两两比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。显微镜下观察其表面形貌与上述粗糙度值相一致。结论：临床钴铬合金和Vitallium2000合金金属支架在试戴调磨后可使用金刚砂橡皮轮＋绒轮蘸抛光膏抛光即可达到良好的抛光效果,而纯钛需在上述抛光基础上继续增加抛光机布轮抛光液抛光;使用相同的抛光方法,纯钛的抛光效果比其它两种材料稍差,提示了临床上针对纯钛铸件的抛光应仔细、认真。     

不同抛光方法对牙科钴铬合金离子析出影响研究

目的 比较不同抛光方法对钴铬合金离子析出的影响。方法 本研究于2013年3—8月在福建医科大学附属口腔医院进行。制作30个钴铬合金试样,随机分为5组,分别为砂纸抛光组、镜面抛光组、橡皮轮抛光组、电解抛光组和化学抛光组,每组6个试样。根据ISO 10271：2011标准采用浸泡实验检测试样Co、Cr离子的析出情况。检测腐蚀前的表面粗糙度和腐蚀前后表面形貌。结果 镜面抛光组Co、Cr析出量之和小于橡皮轮抛光组、电解抛光组和化学抛光组（P < 0.05）。化学抛光组表面粗糙度最大（P < 0.05）。化学抛光组Co、Cr析出量及其总和均大于砂纸抛光组、镜面抛光组、橡皮轮抛光组、电解抛光组（P < 0.05）。扫描电镜观察表明,砂纸抛光组、橡皮轮抛光组、化学抛光组表面有明显的腐蚀痕迹。结论 钴铬合金经镜面抛光可获得最好的表面形貌和抗腐蚀性能,化学抛光对钴铬合金表面形貌改善不大,其抗腐蚀性能最差。     

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目的比较不同抛光方法对钴铬合金离子析出的影响。方法本研究于2013年3—8月在福建医科大学附属口腔医院进行。制作30个钴铬合金试样,随机分为5组,分别为砂纸抛光组、镜面抛光组、橡皮轮抛光组、电解抛光组和化学抛光组,每组6个试样。根据ISO10271：201l标准采用浸泡实验检测试样Co、cr离子的析出情况。检测腐蚀前的表面粗糙度和腐蚀前后表面形貌。结果镜面抛光组co、cr析出量之和小于橡皮轮抛光组、电解抛光组和化学抛光组（P〈0．05）。化学抛光组表面粗糙度最大（P〈0．05）。化学抛光组co、cr析出量及其总和均大于砂纸抛光组、镜面抛光组、橡皮轮抛光组、电解抛光组（P〈0．05）。扫描电镜观察表明,砂纸抛光组、橡皮轮抛光组、化学抛光组表面有明显的腐蚀痕迹。结论钴铬合金经镜面抛光可获得最好的表面形貌和抗腐蚀性能,化学抛光对钴铬合金表面形貌改善不大,其抗腐蚀性能最差。     

钴铬合金铸件表面研抛程序的评价

目的：确定合理的钴铬合金铸件表面研抛程序。方法：通过测量９０个钴铬合金试件的表面粗糙度,对８ 种常用的研抛程序进行评价。结果：钴铬合金试件表面最佳研抛程序为喷砂、绿色砂石、金刚砂橡皮轮或电解抛光、硬橡皮轮、擦有抛光绿的绒轮。结论：钴铬合金铸件表面按合乎逻辑的程序研抛才能获得较低的表面粗糙度。     

3种牙科铸造金属模拟唾液浸泡后粗糙度的变化

目的：通过考察钴铬合金、镍铬合金以及纯钛在不同pH值人工唾液中浸泡后表面粗糙度的变化，研究3种常用牙科金属的耐腐蚀能力。方法：将3种金属的标准铸造试件逐级打磨抛光后。浸泡于pH值分别为7．0和5．6的人工唾液中。3个月后检测试件表面粗糙度，并用金相显微镜观察试件表面。采用SPSS11．0软件包对数据进行单因素方差分析及t检验。结果：pH=5．6的人工唾液浸泡后，3种材料表面粗糙度有显著差异，镍铬合金〉钴铬合金〉纯钛金属（P〈0．01）。pH=7．0的人工唾液浸泡后，镍铬合金表面粗糙度大于钴铬合金和纯钛（P〈0．01），但钴铬合金和纯钛之间无统计学差异（p〉0．05）。pH=5．6人工唾液浸泡组的镍铬合金和钴铬合金表面粗糙度大于pH=7．0组的同种材料（P〈0．01）。各试验组表面粗糙度大小与显微镜观察到的材料表面腐蚀程度一致。结论：纯钛在酸性和中性环境下均有较强的耐腐蚀性，钴铬合金、镍铬合金在酸性介质中的耐腐蚀性较差。3种金属的耐腐蚀性由大到小排列为：纯钛金属〉钴铬合金〉镍铬合金。     

不同抛光系统对纳米树脂表面粗糙度和菌斑黏附的影响

目的研究比较5种抛光系统处理纳米树脂后的表面粗糙度及其对细菌黏附程度的影响。 方法Filtek Z350 XT纳米树脂制作54个样本,随机平均均分为6组,每组9个。其中5组为实验组（抛光组）分别用OptiDisc、HiLuster^Plus、Sof-Lex、Super-snap以及Composite Polishing Kit CA0310等5种抛光系统修整、抛光,另1组不做抛光处理为对照组。激光共聚焦扫描显微镜测定样本表面粗糙度（Ra）。将上述样本与变异链球菌于体外混合培养24 h,测定其表面细菌黏附量。采用单因素方差（One-Way ANOVA）分析方法对样本表面粗糙度和生物膜菌落计数结果进行统计学分析。 结果实验组中HiLuster^Plus组的Ra值最低平均（0.196 ± 0.02）μm,与Composite Polishing Kit CA0310组相比差异有统计学意义（P= 0.016）;其余各实验组间Ra值无显著差异,均能达到较低的粗糙度值。5个实验组的细菌黏附量均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;5个实验组间的细菌黏附量差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。 结论HiLuster^Plus抛光系统处理纳米树脂可获得较低的表面粗糙度。系统抛光可明显降低纳米树脂材料表面细菌黏附量。     

Effect of surface roughness of porcelain on adhesion of bacteria and their synthesizing glucans

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: In some instances of porcelain restoration, refinishing is inevitable. In terms of plaque accumulation on porcelain, refinishing could be a substitute method for glazing. PURPOSE: This study compared the amount of adhesion of plaque components (bacterial cells and glucans) on porcelain disks with various degrees of surface roughness to assess the effects of surface roughness on the amount of plaque accumulation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Radiolabeled cell suspensions were incubated with porcelain disks for 3, 8, and 24 hours at 37 degrees C, and the amounts of adhered cells and glucans were measured by using a liquid scintillation method. RESULTS: The amount of cells and glucans adhered on porcelain increased with incubation time. The surface roughness value and the amount of plaque adhesion decreased with the increase in polishing level. However, the greatest amount of plaque was adhered on glazed surfaces, although their surfaces were smoother than the surfaces polished with 120- or 600-grit abrasive papers. CONCLUSION: With the exception of glazed surfaces, a positive correlation between surface roughness and the amount of plaque accumulation was observed. Repolishing with a diamond paste would not induce problems of plaque accumulation, compared with an intact glazed surface.     

Adherence of plaque components to different restorative materials

This study compared the amount of artificial plaque synthesized in vitro by Streptococcus sobrinus on various dental materials using radioisotopes. In particular, plaque-retaining capacities of new types of ceramics were the focus of this study. Specimens were fabricated from the following materials (one amalgam alloy [Spherical-D], one casting gold alloy [Casting Gold TYPE I], one resin composite [Herculite XR] and three ceramics [Vita Celay Blanks, IPS Empress and Dicor MGC]). The amount of bacteria and glucans adhered on the specimens was measured after incubation for 24 hours at 37 degrees C with radio-labeled cariogenic bacteria and sucrose. This adhesion test was performed using two different surfaces with 600-grit roughness and clinical smoothness. Irrespective of the surface roughness, the least amount of plaque adhered to the ceramics. However, in the case of the resin composite and amalgam, the amount of bacteria and glucan adhesion decreased dramatically by polishing, though there were no statistically different changes in the amount of bacteria and glucans that adhered to the ceramics even after polishing. In general, the amount of adhered bacteria showed almost the same tendency as that of glucans. Although no statistical differences in the amount of bacteria and glucan adhesion were detected among the three ceramics investigated in this study, a lesser amount of bacteria and glucans adhered to them compared to the other materials.     

不同复合树脂修复体表面粗糙度与菌斑黏附关系的研究

目的：研究复合树脂修复体表面粗糙度的不同对其表面细菌黏附程度的影响。方法：对3种不同复合树脂材料进行表面处理,使每一种材料相同地形成3种粗糙度。将不同粗糙度级的试件与口腔变形链球菌于体外培养,测定细菌黏附量。结果：随着粗糙度的降低,各树脂试件的菌斑黏附量均有明显下降;同一粗糙度实验组z350纳米树脂的菌斑黏附量较少。结论：表面粗糙度对细菌黏附有重要影响,即表面越粗糙,菌斑形成越多。相同处理条件下,Z350纳米树脂的菌斑黏附量少。     

含精氨酸的抗敏抛光膏对暴露牙本质表面变异链球菌黏附的影响

目的 研究含精氨酸抗敏抛光膏对暴露牙本质表面变异链球菌黏附的影响。方法 暴露牙本质小管,使用浮石粉和抗敏抛光膏处理表面,观察其粗糙度的变化。体外培养变异链球菌,观察其在牙本质片表面黏附及葡糖基转移酶（GTFs）基因表达情况。结果 使用浮石粉及抗敏抛光膏均能有效降低表面粗糙度,抗敏抛光膏处理后的牙本质能明显抑制gtfB和gtfC基因的表达。结论 含精氨酸抗敏抛光膏能抑制变异链球菌黏附及gtfB和gtfC基因的表达,对敏感牙本质区域龋病发生具有一定防治作用。     

Evaluation of the surface roughness of three heat-cured acrylic denture base resins with different conventional lathe polishing techniques: A comparative study

Purpose:

Surface roughness promotes adhesion and colonization of denture plaque. Therefore, it is important to know the effects of polishing and finishing on the surface roughness of various acrylic resin materials.

Objectives:

To evaluate and compare the effects of different conventional lathe polishing techniques on heat cured acrylic resins in producing surface roughness.

Materials and Methods:

Three different commercially available heat-cured acrylic resin materials namely DPI, Meliodent and Trevalon Hi were selected. 30 Specimens of each acrylic material (30 x 3 = 90, 10 x 60 x 2mm) were prepared and divided into 5 groups, each group consisted of 6 Nos. of specimens per material(6x3=18) and were grouped as Group A(unfinished), Group B (finished), Group C (Polishing Paste), Group D (Polishing Cake) and Group E (Pumice and Gold rouge). The resulted surface roughness (μm) was measured using Perthometer and observed under Scanning Electron Microscope. The values obtained were subjected statistical analyses.

Results:

Among the materials tested, better results were obtained with Trevalon Hi followed by Meliodent and DPI. Among the polishing methods used, superior results were obtained with universal polishing paste followed by polishing cake; Pumice and Gold rouge. Although Pumice and Gold rouge values produced greater roughness value, they were well within the threshold value of 0.2 mm.Key Words: Gold rouge, heat-cured acrylic resin, polishing cake, pumice, universal polishing paste     

三种抛光套装对氧化锆全瓷冠抛光效果比较研究

目的　比较临床常用的3种抛光套装对氧化锆全瓷冠的抛光效果。方法　使用绿色砂石打磨大小相同的圆柱状氧化锆试件45块,随机均分为5组,分别命名如下。SHOFU组：采用Procelain Adjustment Kit PN0301抛光试件;EVE组：采用Rotary Grinding and Polishing Instruments HP321抛光试件;Kerr组：采用Occlubrush抛光刷抛光试件;上釉组：试件表面进行上釉处理;对照组：试件不做处理。测量各组试件表面粗糙度Ra值,在扫描电子显微镜（scanning electron microscope,SEM）下观察试件表面形貌。将牙龈卟啉单胞菌与上述试件混合培养,测定其表面细菌黏附量,并在SEM下观察细菌的黏附情况。结果　各组试件表面粗糙度Ra值及细菌黏附量总的比较,差异具有统计学意义（均P < 0.05）。SHOFU组、EVE组、Kerr组试件表面粗糙度Ra值和细菌黏附量均依次增大,且组间比较差异均有统计学意义（均P < 0.05）。SEM观察显示,SHOFU组、EVE组试件表面见浅细划痕;Kerr组、对照组试件表面见深划痕和密集的凹坑缺陷;上釉组试件表面光滑。细菌在SHOFU组、EVE组、Kerr组、对照组试件表面主要分布在划痕及缺陷周围,其中SHOFU组和EVE组细菌数量较少,Kerr组和对照组数量最多;细菌在上釉组试件表面散在分布,数量最少。结论　3种抛光套装中,Procelain Adjustment Kit PN0301的抛光效果最好。     

Adherence of Streptococcus mutans to various restorative materials in a continuous flow system

A continuous flow system was developed to evaluate the adhesion of Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175 to filling materials (Ariston, Tetric, Dyract, Compoglass, Vitremer, Aqua Ionofil, Ketac Fil, amalgam, Galloy and ceramics as controls). Streptococcus mutans was added to saliva-coated test specimens, and a nutrient broth permanently supplied over a time period of 48 h and then the weight of plaque, the number and viability of the bacteria adhering to the materials were determined. The weights of artificial plaque on all filling materials tested were higher than those on ceramics, the highest values were measured on the glass-ionomers. The amount of plaque correlates with the surface roughness, whereas there was no correlation of the surface roughness with the number of colony-forming units (CFU) of S. mutans. The CFU of adhering S. mutans also depends on the viability of the bacteria. The plaque on Ketac Fil contained a high number of viable bacteria. The fluorides of glass-ionomers do not efficiently prevent the attachment and the viability of S. mutans.     

托槽去除后不同牙面处理方法的比较

目的：观察正畸托槽去除后2种牙面处理方法对牙表面结构的影响,为正畸治疗后牙面处理提供参考依据。方法：选择因正畸治疗需要拔除的前磨牙30颗,按照牙面处理方法不同随机分为2组,每组15颗。分别用常规方法（金刚砂车针加橡皮轮）和日本产矽粒子进行牙面处理,记录所需操作时间。用粗糙度轮廓仪测量抛光后牙面粗糙度（Ra）,并作扫描电镜观察、照相。操作时间及牙面粗糙度测量值（Ra）采用SPSS13.0软件包进行配对t检验。结果：托槽去除后2种牙面处理方法的操作时间及处理后牙面粗糙度无显著差异（P〉0.05）。扫描电镜显示,矽粒子处理后牙表面划痕较常规组细而浅。结论：矽粒子对正畸托槽去除后牙表面的处理结果可以达到临床要求。