丝裂素活化蛋白激酶信号转导通路研究进展

丝裂素活化蛋白激酶（MitogenActivatedProteinKinase,MAPK）是信号从细胞表面转导到细胞内部的重要传递者，包括ERK，JNK，P38及ERKS亚族。MAPK家族参与了细胞生长、发育、分裂及细胞间功能的同步等多种生理过程，并在细胞恶性转化等病理过程中起重要作用。本文就近年来MAPK家族的级联反应，及各亚族的生物学特征作一综述。     

精-甘-天冬-丝氨酸四肽对大鼠主动脉内皮剥脱术后血小板活化的影响

目的和方法：在大鼠主动脉球囊内皮剥脱模型上,于术后３、１０、２１ｄ观察在体和体外孵育血小板活化及应用血小板膜糖蛋白（ＧＰ）Ⅱｂ／Ⅲａ受体拮抗剂精－甘－天冬－丝氨酸（ＲＧＤＳ）肽对其活化的影响。结果：球囊剥脱术后大鼠的血小板聚集明显增强,蛋白激酶Ｃ（ＰＫＣ）活性明显增高,环磷酸腺苷（ｃＡＭＰ）活性明显降低,血小板膜活化的ＧＰⅡｂ／Ⅲａ受体密度明显增高,均以３ｄ组最为明显。应用ＲＧＤＳ肽体外孵育,可明显逆转上述改变。结论：血小板膜活化的ＧＰⅡｂ／Ⅲａ受体的变化,可能是内皮剥脱时介导血小板活化的关键途径。     

缺血——再灌注损伤与丝裂素活化蛋白激酶信号传导

信号传导是细胞外剌激信号在细胞膜及细胞内的传递过程。丝裂素活化蛋白激酶(MitogenactivatedProteinkinase,MAPK)是一族胞浆内广泛分布具有丝氨酸双重磷酸化能力的蛋白激酶。凡是兴奋G蛋白偶联受体的物质等损伤因素剌激细胞时,都要通过MAPK激活。因此,MAPK途径是细胞外信号引起细胞反应的共同通路。MAPK家族主要有三个成员,即细胞外信号蛋白激酶(Extracellularsignal-regulatedproteinkinase,ERK),ERK又分离出2个亚型P44ERK/ERK1,P42ERK/ERK2;应激活化蛋白激酶(stress-activatedproteinkinase,SAPK),又称JNK(C-JunN-t…     

丝裂素活化蛋白激酶磷酸酶

丝裂素活化蛋白激酶磷酸酶是一类丝 /苏氨酸和酪氨酸双重底物特异性的磷酸酶 ,对于丝裂素活化蛋白激酶活性的调节起着十分重要的作用。目前已发现的MKPs家庭成员有MKP 1 (CH1 3 4 ,CL1 0 0 ) ,MKP 2(hVH 2 ) ,MKP 3 (Pyst 1 ) ,MKP 4 ,hvH 3 (B2 3 ) ,hvH 5(m3 /6) ,PAG1 ,Pyst 2 ,其中除Pyst 1外 ,都是即早基因编码的产物。MKPs受MAPK信号通路中多种成分的诱导 ,决定了它与MAPK之间作用的特异性。它通过去磷酸化作用调节MAPK信号途径的活性 ,确保了细胞内信号的精确传递 ,参与了多种主要的细胞功能的调节。     

RGDS肽对胶元活化的大鼠血小板L-Arginine/NO途径的影响

本工作在胶原活化的大鼠血小板上,观察RGDS肽对血小板聚集、L一精氨酸（L－Arg）转运、一氧化氮合酶（NOS）活性和亚硝酸盐（NO2－）含量的影响。结果发现,4μg／mL胶原引起血小板聚集时,L－Arg转运增强、NOS活性增高和NO2-含量增加。血小板L－Arg转运的Vmax与NOS活性和NO2-生成呈明显正相关（r=0.8100和0.8343,p＜0．01）;血小板聚集与NO2-生成亦呈明显正相关（r=0.7660,P＜0.05）。RGDS肽200μmol／L凡与胶原共同孵育,可明显抑制胶原引起的血小板聚集、L－Arg转运增强、NOS活性增高和NO2-含量增加。提示,胶原激活的血小板L－Arg／NO途径增加是通过Ⅱb／Ⅲa复合物所介导,RGDS肽可括抗其增加作用。     

JNK磷酸化在哮喘大鼠肺内的动态变化

气道重塑在哮喘病程中的重要性已被逐渐认识。丝裂素活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)信号传导途径是参与哮喘发病机制的一条重要信号通路,我们前期研究发现,细胞外信号调节激酶(external signal regulated kinase,ERK)磷酸化是哮喘气道炎症和重塑的重要因素[1],C-JUN氨基末端激酶(C-JUNN-te     

腺嘌呤核苷酸活化蛋白激酶与哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白信号转导通路的相互作用

背景：腺嘌呤核苷酸活化蛋白激酶的下游靶分子哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白对细胞生长、分裂和蛋白质合成有重要意义。 目的：综述腺嘌呤核苷酸活化蛋白激酶与哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白信号转导相互调节的最新研究进展,以期揭示腺嘌呤核苷酸活化蛋白激酶和哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白信号转导的交互作用对蛋白质合成的影响。 方法：以“(mammalian target of rapamycin OR mTOR) AND (AMP activated protein kinase OR AMPK) AND signal transduction”为检索式,计算机检索PubMed数据库相关内容的文献,最终纳入30篇可反映腺嘌呤核苷酸活化蛋白激酶与哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白信号转导通路相互作用的文献,并进行归纳总结。 结果与结论：腺嘌呤核苷酸活化蛋白激酶活化导致哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白信号转导减弱一定程度上抑制蛋白质合成,腺嘌呤核苷酸活化蛋白激酶通过多个位点磷酸化和活化而调节哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白信号转导。腺嘌呤核苷酸活化蛋白激酶磷酸化马铃薯球蛋白会抑制Akt,ERK1/ERK2和p90rsk等其他蛋白激酶的作用。明确腺嘌呤核苷酸活化蛋白激酶对哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白的调节过程所起的作用,对揭示腺嘌呤核苷酸活化蛋白激酶-哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白途径调控能量代谢和蛋白合成方面有重要意义。     

解耦联蛋白2对大鼠肝纤维化形成中星形细胞活化的影响

目的探讨解耦联蛋白2(UCP2)在肝纤维化形成过程中的作用及其发生机制。方法体内实验采用四氯化碳(CCl4)诱导肝纤维化模型,取肝脏观察病理变化,用Western blotting、免疫组织化学和Real-time PCR等方法检测UCP2和p38丝裂素活化蛋白激酶(p38MAPK)的表达水平;体外实验采用UCP2特异性抑制剂京尼平和CCl4刺激星形细胞,检测UCP2和p38MAPK相关蛋白的表达情况。结果与正常组相比,模型组大鼠肝脏α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)和UCP2表达增高(P0.05,n=10);加入CCl4刺激细胞后,星形细胞α-SMA表达增加,p38MAPK及其磷酸化水平增高(P0.05,n=6);而在加入京尼平后,α-SMA表达增加,p38 MAPK及其磷酸化水平明显降低(P0.05,n=6)。结论 UCP2参与了肝纤维化的发生,可能促进了星形细胞的活化及增殖过程。     

胡黄连苷Ⅱ干预脑缺血/再灌注损伤后p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶信号通路的作用机制

目的 探讨胡黄连苷Ⅱ对脑缺血/再灌注损伤后p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(p38 MAPK)通路的影响及其神经保护作用机制.方法 成年健康雄性Wistar大鼠150只,应用线栓法建立大鼠大脑中动脉闭塞/再灌注(MCAO/R)模型,按照随机对照原则,动物分为假手术组、模型组、胡黄连苷组、茴香霉素(p38 MAPK激活剂)组、茴...     

粘附蛋白介导粘附信号传导的机理探讨

为了探讨粘附蛋白介导粘附信号传导的机制 ,我们进行了一系列的实验。首先观察了 CD4 4,Vn在单核细胞粘附于内皮表面过程的作用 ,然后观察了细胞因子 IL- 1、IL- 6、TNF和 IFN对 CD4 4和 Vn表达的调节作用 ,进一步观察了细胞色素 B对 CD4 4、Vn表达和单核细胞粘附的抑制作用 ,最后观察了细胞粘附对单核细胞增殖特性的影响。结果表明 CD4 4和 Vn可介导单核细胞粘附于内皮表面 ,细胞因子可上调 CD4 4和 Vn的表达并促进单核细胞的粘附 ,细胞骨架参与单核细胞的粘附过程 ,细胞粘附过程中单核细胞内 DNA含量和 PCNA表达增加。因此 ,我们推测粘附信号可通过细胞因子作用于粘附蛋白 ,继而通过细胞骨架引起细胞内生物学功能的变化     

The Interaction of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases to Epstein-Barr Virus Activation in Akata Cells

To understand the mechanism by which Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is activated in Akata cells by cross-linking of surface immunoglobulin, the interaction between mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and EBV activation was investigated. Immunoblotting using an anti-phosphoMAPK antibody (Ab) revealed that anti-IgG Ab induced rapid phosphorylation of MAPK in the cells. The phosphorylation was inhibited by MAPK/ERK kinase specific inhibitor, PD98059. The expressions of the EBV immediate early BZLF1 mRNA and its protein product ZEBRA, and early antigen were also inhibited by the inhibitor. These results indicate that MAPK is involved in the pathways of EBV activation.     

Reduced protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTPase) activity of CD45 on peripheral blood lymphocytes in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

To disclose the mechanism of aberrant function of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) in SLE, we focused on the catalytic function of CD45, and determined the CD45 PTPase activity in SLE patients. The sample population consisted of 32 SLE patients with different disease activity. PTPase activity of cell lysates immunoprecipitated by anti-CD45 MoAb was assayed against phosphotyrosine analogue PNPP, followed by measuring the release of para-nitro phenol at 410 nm. CD45 PTPase activity of PBL was significantly decreased in SLE patients, compared with that of normal controls and patients with systemic sclerosis (964 ± 265, 1202 ± 172, 1210 ± 125, respectively; SLE versus normal, P < 0.05). It was correlated with SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) score (r = 0.597, P = 0.0006), but not with the dose of prednisolone (r = 0.214, P = 0.2657), indicating that CD45 PTPase activity became reduced when the disease was active, but it was not affected by prednisolone. Moreover, it was not corrected by in vitro culture with or without stimulation. The expression of CD45 on PBL was comparable between normal and SLE, raising a possibility that it may be due to aberrant regulation of catalytic function of CD45 in SLE. Given the evidence that tyrosine phosphorylation of cellular proteins by tyrosine kinases and phosphatases is one of the key biochemical events in the signal transduction pathway, the decreased CD45 PTPase activity in SLE may account for the defective signal transduction via TCR/CD3, leading to dysregulated effector function of the lymphocytes.     

骨形态发生蛋白-7及其受体的信号转导

骨形态发生蛋白-7(BMP-7)是BMP家族中的一员,具有高效的骨诱导活性,属于转化生长因子-β(TGF-β)超家族成员。BMP-7受体属于转化生长因子β(TGF-β)受体超家族的成员,是一种膜蛋白受体。BMP-7首先与Ⅱ型跨膜丝/苏氨酸激酶受体(ActRⅡ、ⅡB)结合,受体的蛋白激酶活性被激活,再与Ⅰ型受体(主要是ALK2)结合,形成异源二聚体,催化Ⅰ型受体GS区的丝氨酸和苏氨酸残基磷酸化。Ⅰ型受体被激活后,作用于Smad1、Smad5或Smad8的C端SSXS模体,使其磷酸化,再与Smad4形成复合物,进入核内与多种转录因子相互作用发挥基因调控作用。     

AMPK信号通路调控的自噬在七氟烷后处理保护大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤中的机制研究

研究七氟烷后处理对在体大鼠心肌缺血再灌注(I/R)损伤的保护作用,探讨腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶(AMPK)介导的自噬流在七氟烷后处理心肌保护中的作用。成年雄性SD大鼠50只,建立急性大鼠在体心肌I/R损伤模型。随机分为5组:假手术组(Sham组)、缺血再灌注组(I/R组)、七氟烷后处理组(SP组)、Compound c溶剂二甲基亚砜组(DMSO组)、AMPK抑制剂Compound c组(Com c组)。除Sham组,其余各组缺血30 min,再灌注4 h末。再灌注4 h末,提取心脏,采用氯化三苯基四氮唑染色法(TTC法)测定心肌梗死范围。采用免疫印迹法(Western blot技术)检测p-AMPK/t-AMPK、LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰ及P62蛋白表达水平。与I/R组比较,SP组心肌梗死范围减小,p-AMPK/t-AMPK蛋白表达上调而LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰ、P62蛋白表达下调(P0.05);与SP组比较,Com c组心肌梗死范围增加,p-AMPK/t-AMPK蛋白表达下调而LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰ、P62蛋白表达上调(P0.05)。DMSO组相比于SP组差别无统计学意义(P0.05)。七氟烷后处理减轻了在体大鼠心肌I/R损伤,其机制可能是通过激活AMPK信号通路,减少再灌注期间自噬体的蓄积,保护自噬流进而发挥保护作用。     

Activation of protease-activated receptor 2 stimulates proliferation and interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 secretion of endometriotic stromal cells

BACKGROUND: Inflammation has been proposed to play essential roles in the pathophysiology of endometriosis, in which neutrophils and mast cells have been suggested to be involved. We studied whether the protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2), which is activated by enzymes from neutrophils and mast cells, in endometriotic stromal cells (ESC) has any implication in the development of the disease. METHODS: Cultured ESC were stimulated with various concentrations of a specific PAR2 agonist peptide. Proliferating activity of the cells was determined using immunostaining of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (a cell proliferation marker), 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine incorporation into DNA and cell count. The concentrations of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 were measured using specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. The phosphorylation of three mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), i.e. p38 MAPK, p42/44 MAPK and stress-activated protein Kinase/c-jun N terminal Kinase, in ESC was examined with Western blot analysis. RESULTS: Activation of PAR2 stimulated the proliferation of ESC and the secretion of IL-6 and IL-8 from ESC in a dose-dependent manner. Activation of PAR2 stimulated the phosphorylation of all three MAPK, and inhibitors of each MAPK suppressed the PAR2 activation-induced proliferation of ESC. CONCLUSIONS: The activation of PAR2 in ESC may be involved in the pathophysiology of endometriosis by inducing the growth and inflammation of endometriotic lesions.     

Activities of Apoptotic Signal 1-Regulating Protein Kinase and Poly-(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase and Internucleosomal DNA Fragmentation in Rat Liver during Oxidative Stress Induced by Cobalt Chloride

We revealed activation of apoptotic signal 1-regulating protein kinase, inhibition of poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerase, and intensification of internucleosomal DNA fragmentation in rat liver during oxidative stress induced by cobalt chloride.     

小鼠p38MAPK重组腺病毒载体的构建及其在成骨细胞系中的表达

目的:利用AdEasyTM system构建携带小鼠p38MAPK基因的重组腺病毒,感染成骨细胞系MC3T3-E1,检测外源p38MAPK在细胞中的表达。方法:用PCR的方法扩增p38MAPK基因,将其克隆到pMD18-T载体中,进行测序。经BglⅡ和HindⅢ双酶切后接入pShuttle-CMV穿梭载体,构建重组腺病毒的穿梭质粒pShuttle-CMV-p38MAPK。将经PmeI线性化的pShuttle-CMV穿梭载体与pAdEasyTMDNA电穿孔共转化BJ5183重组细菌,获取重组腺病毒质粒Ad-p38MAPK,再将经PacI线性化的Ad-p38MAPK重组病毒骨架质粒转染AD293包装细胞,包装并扩增病毒。用Ad-p38MAPK感染小鼠MC3T3-E1成骨样细胞,以Western blot法检测p38MAPK在小鼠成骨细胞中的表达。结果:构建并包装表达p38MAPK蛋白的重组腺病毒,该重组腺病毒在体外能有效感染小鼠成骨细胞系MC3T3-E1并高表达p38MAPK蛋白。结论:成功地构建了携带小鼠p38MAPK基因的重组腺病毒,为研究p38MAPK在成骨细胞中的作用奠定了实验基础。