中草药及绿茶对B(a)P的抗诱变作用研究

目的 探讨中草药有绿茶对B(a）P的抗诱变作用。方法 采用Ames试验，检测几种中草药和绿茶的水溶性提取物对苯并芘[B(a)P]的抗突变作用。结果 除各受试物的最小剂量组外，其它各试验浓度的绿茶、茶多酚、半枝莲、白花蛇舌草及犀黄丸等5种受试物的提取物均有明显抑制B(a)P诱发的TA98和TA100回复突变的作用。经统计学处理，各实验组与对照组比较有明显性差异（P＜0．01）。结论 受试的中草药及绿茶对B(a)P具有抗诱为作用。     

姜黄素对香烟主流烟气凝聚物诱变性的拮抗作用

目的 研究滤嘴中加入姜黄素对香烟主流烟气的抗突变作用及其对主要诱变成分的滤除作用。方手 采用八孔道全自动模拟人吸烟机，采集香烟主流烟气凝聚物，用Ames试验、反向高效液相色谱—荧光检测、紫外丝光光度法，对滤嘴中加入和未加入姜黄素处理的香烟主流烟气凝聚物的致突变性及其主要诱变成分进行检测。至于滤嘴中未加姜黄素样品各剂且组致突变性均为阳性；加入姜黄素2．4mg／m1时，即可降低其致突变作用；且滤嘴加入姜黄素处理后，能有效减少香烟主流烟气凝聚物中BaP、焦油、总颗粒相物质(TPM)、烟碱的含量。结论 姜黄素可降低香烟凝聚物的致突变性，能有效减少香烟主流烟气凝聚物BaP、焦油、TPM、烟碱的含量。     

非程序DNA合成法检测中草药及绿茶对BaP和NNK的抗突变作用

非程序ＤＮＡ合成法检测中草药及绿茶对ＢａＰ和ＮＮＫ的抗突变作用山东医科大学环境卫生学教研室（济南２５００１２）韩发彬，胡俊峰，徐厚铨，郭冬梅，袁晓艳，曲江斌，张春玲，刘国庆现代医学认为肿瘤的发生是人体细胞突变的结果。人们开始致力于抗突变抗癌物质的研究...     

绿茶抗突变有效成分分析

目的 探讨绿茶对香烟烟雾凝结物的致突变性的抑制作用。方法通过AMES试验、微核试验和程序外DNA合成试验观察绿茶对香烟烟雾凝结物诱导的鼠伤寒沙门氏杆菌、小鼠骨髓细胞和大鼠肺上皮细胞突变的抑制作用。结果绿茶能在细菌和动物等不同水平的突变试验中，表现出对香烟烟雾凝结物质突变性的抑制作用，并且这种作用与绿茶成分中的多酚类有关。结论 绿茶抗突变主要作用成分－多酚。     

脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇、黄曲霉毒素G_1对体外培养人外周血淋巴细胞凋亡影响的研究

以细胞培养、流式细胞仪ＤＮＡ含量分析及ＤＮＡ琼脂糖凝胶电泳方法研究了我国食管癌高发区磁县居民粮食中优势污染霉菌毒素脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（ＤＯＮ）和黄曲霉毒素Ｇ１（ＡＦＧ１）对人淋巴细胞凋亡的影响。流式细胞术（ＦＣＭ）检测结果显示,ＤＯＮ、ＡＦＧ１处理组淋巴细胞出现了典型的亚二倍体凋亡细胞峰,凋亡百分率与毒素作用时间（ＤＯＮ：２～７２小时;ＡＦＧ１：２～２４小时）及剂量（ＤＯＮ：５０～２０００μｇ／Ｌ;ＡＦＧ１：３．１２～２０００μｇ／Ｌ）呈正相关关系。ＤＮＡ琼脂糖凝胶电泳结果表明,ＤＯＮ（１０００μｇ／Ｌ）、ＡＦＧ１（１０００μｇ／Ｌ）处理２４小时淋巴细胞出现特征性的ＤＮＡ＂Ｌａｄｄｅｒ＂条带。因此表明,ＤＯＮ、ＡＦＧ１可诱导和促进体外培养的人外周血淋巴细胞发生凋亡。     

香烟烟雾冷凝物诱导体外培养细胞程序外DNA合成的试验研究

采用程序外ＤＮＡ合成试验方法检测香烟冷凝物对体外培养的人表皮细胞和人全血淋巴细胞ＤＮＡ的损伤作用。结果表明，香烟冷凝物能引起培养的表皮细胞和淋巴细胞的ＤＮＡ损伤；在一定的作用物剂量范围内表现出剂量效应关系。由于在细胞培养环境中未加Ｓ９组分活化酶，提示冷凝物中含有不需代谢活化就能直接导致ＤＮＡ损伤的有害物质。     

烹调烟雾冷凝物的DNA损伤和细胞转化作用研究

为全面评价烹调烟雾的危害，收集居民家用脱排油烟机中的烹调烟雾冷凝物，经干燥脱水后，应用人外周血淋巴细胞非程序ＤＮＡ合成试验（ＵＤＳ）及ＢＡＬＢ／ｃ３Ｔ３细胞体外培养系统，检测居民厨房中烹调烟雾冷凝物的ＤＮＡ损伤作用及对ＢＡＬＢ／ｃ３Ｔ３细胞的毒性与转化作用。结果表明受试物在加Ｓ９和不加Ｓ９时，均能提高ＣＰＭ值，ＤＮＡ放射比活性Ｒ值均随测试浓度的增加而升高；受试物对ＢＡＬＢ细胞具有明显的细胞毒性与转     

碳氢化合物对人体血清抗DNA抗体,补体C3和C4的影响观察

为了解碳氢化合物对人体血清抗ＤＮＡ抗体、补体Ｃ-３和Ｃ-４影响，检测了职业接触碳氢化合物等污染物的石化炼油厂工人２４人，职业接触苯及同系物的拓威鞋厂工人１０３人以及石化厂内控制室的工人２６人血清中抗ＤＮＡ抗体、补体Ｃ３和Ｃ４。结果显示：拓威厂工人抗ＤＮＡ抗体检出率为５２．２２％，补体Ｃ３、Ｃ４分别为０．８０７ｇ／Ｌ、０．４４７ｇ／Ｌ，显著高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１），石化厂工人抗ＤＮＡ抗体、补体Ｃ３、Ｃ４与对照组比较无显著性差异。提示抗ＤＮＡ抗体适用于污染浓度较高的职业接触的监测。     

白花蛇舌草抗肿瘤成分及其作用机理研究进展

摘要:白花蛇舌草为民间常用中药,是茜草科耳草属一年生草本植物白花蛇舌草的干燥全草,多数生长在我国广东、云南、湖北、湖南、江西等南方地区。白花蛇舌草中含有多种化学成分,具有多种药理作用,如免疫调节、抗氧化、抗肿瘤、杀菌消炎等,其中以抗肿瘤作用尤为突出。由于肿瘤的发展速度快、难于控制、治疗药物不良反应大,使得肿瘤一直是威胁人类生命、困扰医疗工作者的医学难题。白花蛇舌草中多种主要化学成分都具有很好的抗肿瘤作用,且不良反应小、价格便宜、来源广泛,从而得到广大中外科研工作者的重视。人们通过对白花蛇舌草的不断研究,有效地证明了其中某些成分的抗肿瘤作用,为初步探讨白花蛇舌草抗肿瘤作用机理提供了基础。本文通过查阅相关文献,对白花蛇舌草体内外实验结果及临床分析进行总结,主要综述了白花蛇舌草抗肿瘤成分及其对常见肿瘤发挥作用的机理,以期为癌症临床治疗寻找合适有效的中药提供依据。     

二氧化氯对HBsAg,HBeAg灭活作用的实验观察

实验结果表明：１０００ｍｇ／Ｌ的二氧化氯溶液作用５ｍｉｎ和５００ｍｇ／Ｌ作用１０ｍｉｎ均可破坏血清中ＨＢｓＡｇ；５００ｍｇ／Ｌ的二氧化氯溶液作用５ｍｉｎ即可全部破坏ＨＢｅＡｇ，ＰＣＲ技术检测证实，作用后ＨＢＶ－ＤＮＡ被破坏。     

Black and green tea polyphenols attenuate blood pressure increases in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats

Oxidative stress was reported to be involved not only in cardiovascular diseases, but also in hypertension. Epidemiologic studies indicated that tea consumption slightly reduces blood pressure. We conducted two studies to determine whether black and green tea can lower blood pressure (BP) in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP). Male SHRSP (n=15) were allowed to recover for 2 wk after a transmitter for measuring BP was implanted in the peritoneal cavity. The rats were divided into three groups: the control group consumed tap water (30 mL/d); the black tea polyphenol group (BTP) consumed water containing 3.5 g/L thearubigins, 0.6 g/L theaflavins, 0.5 g/L flavonols and 0.4 g/L catechins; and the green tea polyphenol group (GTP) consumed water containing 3.5 g/L catechins, 0.5 g/L flavonols and 1 g/L polymetric flavonoids. The telemetry system was used to measure BP, which were recorded continuously every 5 min for 24 h. During the daytime, systolic and diastolic BP were significantly lower in the BTP and GTP groups than in the controls. Protein expressions of catalase and phosphorylated myosin light chain (MLC-p) were measured in the aorta by Western blotting. GTP significantly increased catalase expression, and BTP and GTP significantly decreased MLC-p expression in the aorta. These data demonstrate that both black and green tea polyphenols attenuate blood pressure increases through their antioxidant properties in SHRSP. Furthermore, because the amounts of polyphenols used in this experiment correspond to those in approximately 1 L of tea, the regular consumption of black and green tea may also provide some protection against hypertension in humans.     

Study on the preventive effect of tea on DNA damage of the buccal mucosa cells in oral leukoplakias induce by cigarette smoking]

In order to study the preventive effect of tea on DNA damage induced by cigarette smoking and to provide further evidence on the protective effects of tea in human cancer, a 6-month, double-blind and randomized placebo-controlled intervention trial was carried out. The effect of tea on micronuclei frequency in exfoliated oral buccal mucosa cells in 36 oral leukoplakias of smokers was investigated. A kind of mixed tea given in an oral dose of 3 g/day and a concentration of 0.1% smeared on mucosa lession three times a day for 3 months and 6 months, significantly decreased the micronuclei formation in exfoliated oral buccal mucosa cells in subjects with oral leukoplakias. In contrast, there was no change in the micronuclei frequency after 6 months in the placebo group. The results indicate that mixed tea may reduce the oral cancer risk by preventing DNA damage in oral leukopiakias induced by cigarette smoking.     

饮茶对吸烟致人体口腔粘膜DNA损伤的保护作用研究

为探讨饮茶对吸烟所致人体ＤＮＡ损伤的保护作用，以及为确证茶与人类肿瘤的关系提供直接依据，作者选择３６名吸烟的口腔白斑患者为研究对象，以口腔脱落粘膜细胞微核作为生物学观察终点，进行了混合茶对吸烟所致口腔粘膜ＤＮＡ损伤影响的６个月的随机、双盲、既有试验组又有安慰剂组的干预试验研究。结果表明，试验组每天饮混合茶３ｇ并同时用０．１％的混合茶涂抹于患处３次，３个月和６个月时，其口腔脱落粘膜细胞微核发生率明显降低，而安慰剂组试验前后口腔脱落粘膜细胞微核发生率基本无变化。提示混合茶对吸烟所致口腔粘膜ＤＮＡ损伤有保护作用从而降低口腔白斑癌变的危险性，推测可能对口腔癌有预防作用。     

川产粗壮女贞水提物体外抗氧化能力的比对研究

目的 比对研究川产粗壮女贞苦丁茶水提物抗氧化能力。方法 热水浸提法分别制备川产粗壮女贞老叶和嫩叶、绿茶以及云南普洱茶提取物,并用去离子水配制提取物(1g /mL)。采用8种化学法测定不同提取物对5种自由基的抑制/吸收能力和对金属离子还原/螯合能力,通过比较不同提取物抗氧化能力的差异,综合评估川产粗壮女贞苦丁茶水提物的抗氧化能力。结果 测定对自由基抑制/吸收能力的五种化学法显示:在清除ABTS+(2,2′-Azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonate)自由基、超氧阴离子自由基、吸收氧自由基方面,粗壮女贞苦丁茶能力显著高于绿茶及普洱茶;在清除DPPH(2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl)自由基和羟自由基方面,粗壮女贞苦丁茶能力与普洱茶相当,但高于绿茶。测定对金属离子还原/螯合能力的三种化学法显示:在还原铜离子能力方面,粗壮女贞苦丁茶显著高于绿茶及普洱茶;在还原铁离子能力方面,粗壮女贞苦丁茶与普洱茶相当但高于绿茶。在螯合铁离子能力方面,粗壮女贞低于普洱茶和绿茶。结论 川产粗壮女贞苦丁茶的抗氧化能力在不少方面优于绿茶和普洱茶。     

药材中黄曲霉毒素的免疫亲和层析净化高效液相色谱法

目的建立高效液相色谱法测定中药材砂仁中黄曲霉毒素B1、B2、G1、G2的方法。方法样品经免疫亲和层析净化,色谱柱为Zorbax SB C18柱(4.6mm×150mm,5μm),流动相为甲醇-0.01mol/L的KH2PO(44+6),流量为0.5ml/min,柱温为35℃,激发波长为360nm,发射波长为425nm,柱后衍生反应器温度为70℃,进行HPLC检测。结果黄曲霉毒素B1在12.00～300.00μg/L范围内、黄曲霉毒素B2、G1、G2在24.00～600.00μg/L范围内时,回归方程呈良好的线性关系,检出限分别为0.025、0.085、0.060、0.055μg/L,r≥0.996。该方法的平均回收率为81.7%～101.2%,RSD为0.7%～4.9%。结论该方法灵敏度高,选择性好,方法稳定,可用于中药材中黄曲霉毒素的检验。     

长波紫外线对大鼠皮肤角朊细胞的损伤及茶多酚的保护作用

目的 探讨长波紫外线（ＵＶＡ）对原代培养的大鼠皮肤角朊细胞脂质过氧化和生长状况等影响，同时探讨一种植物多酚－－茶多酚（ＴＰＰ）在此过程中所起的作用。方法 在原代培养大鼠皮肤角朊细胞基础上，经ＵＶＡ照射后，测定角朊细胞浆酶－－乳酸脱氢酶（ＬＤＨ）释放情况，脂质过氧化产物丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ）水平，并测定培养细胞的存活率和细胞周期动力学。结果 ＵＶＡ可以引起体外培养的细胞膜通透性增强，胞浆酶ＬＤＨ释放增加（从８２７．５５Ｕ／Ｌ增至１３１２．４７Ｕ／Ｌ）；脂质过氧化产物ＭＤＡ水平升高，抗氧化酶ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ水平降低；细胞存活率下降，细胞周期动力学表现为细胞增殖抑制；增殖指数（ＰＩ）从３４．２４％降至１７．９８％。天然提取物ＴＰＰ（质量浓度为０．１％）可以比较明显地抑制ＵＶＡ引起的上述损害。     

高氟茶浸泡液的细胞毒性及致突变性

[目的]研究含氟茶浸泡液的细胞毒性和致突变性,探讨高氟茶对中国仓鼠肺成纤维细胞（V79细胞）的遗传毒作用。[方法]选取绿茶A、绿茶B、对照茶为研究对象,分别制备其茶浸泡液。将上述3种茶浸泡液分别设立0.63、1.25、2.50、5.00、10.00、20.00、40.00g／L7个质量浓度组,对V79细胞分别进行2、4、8、12、24h染毒。采用甲基四唑蓝（MTT）法检测3种茶浸泡液对V79细胞的毒性;运用鼠伤寒沙门菌回复突变试验（Amestest）检测3种茶浸泡液的致突变性。[结果]绿茶A、绿茶B和对照茶浸泡液中氟化物的浓度分别为2330、1390、7.53mg／kg,绿茶A、绿茶B的氟含量均超过了中国农业行业标准（NY659-2003）规定茶叶中氟化物（以F-计）≤200mg／kg的标准。在MTT实验中,3种茶浸泡液对细胞活性的抑制作用具有明显的时间-效应（P〈0.05）和剂量-效应关系（P〈0.05）。绿茶A、绿茶B的细胞存活率明显低于对照茶（P〈0.05）。在作用4-24h时,绿茶A的细胞存活率低于绿茶B（P〈0.05）。分析3种茶不同培养时间的半数抑制浓度（IC50）发现,3种茶组间Ic50的差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,绿茶A、绿茶B、对照茶不同培养时间平均Ic50分别为20.26、23.24、28.18g／L。在Ames试验中,3种茶浸泡液在8-5000μg/皿的浓度上,4菌株回变菌落数与相应的阴性对照组之间的差异均有统计学意义。[结论]绿茶A、B浸泡液对V79细胞活性均有抑制作用,其细胞毒性均明显高于对照茶。未见高氟茶浸泡液有致突变作用。绿茶A、B对V79细胞的毒性比对照组大可能与它含氟量高有关。     

Supplementation of Jurkat T cells with green tea extract decreases oxidative damage due to iron treatment

Regular tea consumption has been associated with a reduced risk of cancer. As demonstrated in vitro, green tea contains catechins with antioxidant properties. We evaluated the effect of the supplementation of the Jurkat T-cell line with green tea extract on oxidative damage. Cells grown in medium with or without green tea extract (10 mg/L) were treated with Fe(2+) (100 micromol/L) as an oxidative stimulus for 2 h. Cell membrane lipid peroxidation was evaluated by fatty acids pattern analysis and malondialdehyde production in alpha-linolenic acid-loaded cells. Furthermore, oxidative DNA damage (single strand breaks) was detected in cells by the Comet assay and quantified as relative tail moment (RTM). Supplementation with green tea extract significantly decreased malondialdehyde production (1.6 +/- 0.3 vs. 0.6 +/- 0.1 nmol/mg protein, P < 0.05) and DNA damage (0.32 +/- 0.07 vs. 0.12 +/- 0.04 RTM, P < 0.05) after Fe(2+) oxidative treatment. In control cells, there was no effect on membrane distribution of (n-3) fatty acids due to Fe(2+) treatment. Cell enrichment with alpha-linolenic acid increased total membrane (n-3) fatty acids. However, the oxidative treatment did not modify the distribution of polyunsaturated fatty acids. It is likely that the observed protective effects can be attributed to epigallocatechin gallate, which is present mainly (670 g/kg) in green tea extract; however, we cannot exclude contributions by other catechins. These data support a protective effect of green tea against oxidative damage.     

Effect of ethanol extract of alga Laurencia supplementation on DNA oxidation and alkylation damage in mice

Laurencia terpenoid extract (LET) had been extracted from the red alga Laurencia tristicha. The study is to investigate the effects of LET supplementation on DNA oxidation and alkylation damages in mice. Forty healthy Kunming mice weighing between 18g and 25g were randomly assigned into 4 groups, each consisting of ten animals. The mice were orally intubated respectively for 60 days with the designed concentrations of LET (25, 50,100mg/ kg b.w.) for three exposed groups and salad oil (0.2 ml) for the blank group. Food and water were free for the animals. Mice in the blank and exposed groups were sacrificed after the last treatment and the blood of each animal was quickly taken for further experiments. The spontaneous and oxidized DNA damages of peripheral lymphocytes induced by H2O2 were analysed by SCGE. O6-Methy-guanine (O6-MeG) was measured by high performance capillary zone electrophoresis. There was no significantly difference in DNA spontaneous damage on peripheral lymphocytes of all the mice. The oxidative DNA damage in the 50 mg/Kg body weight supplement group are 286AU with the oxidation of 10 micromol/L H2O2, significantly lower than the blank group 332AU (p<0.05). The contents of O6-MeG in plasma in the 50 mg/kg b.w. and 100mg/kg b.w. supplement group were 1.50 micromol/L and 1.88 micromol/L, significantly lower than that of the blank group, which was 2.89 micromol/L(p<0.05). The results from the present study indicated that the LET were rich in terpenoids and safety to be taken orally and it could improve antioxidative and decrease DNA damage effectively.     

5种治疗呼吸系统疾病中草药中微量元素含量测定

目的:对五味子、板兰根、金银花、川芎、银杏叶等5种治疗呼吸系统疾病的中草药中K、Cr、Cu元素含量进行测定,为进一步研究其药理作用和用途提供基础。方法:采用火焰原子吸收法测定五味子、板兰根、金银花、川芎、银杏叶5种中草药中K、Cr、Cu元素的含量。结果:测定结果表明5种中草药中微量元素含量都比较丰富,其中金银花中K和Cr含量最高(K含量为18.9048±0.0585μg/g;Cr含量为3.6062±0.0757mg/g),川芎中含铜量最高,其含量为15.5825±0.0214μg/g。