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正[1]章强强,隗祎,王家俊.裴氏着色真菌所致皮肤着色芽生菌病1例[J].中国皮肤性病学杂志,2003,16(2):118-119.[2]张雅洁,张桂梅,郑利雄,等.裴氏着色霉所致着色芽生菌病深圳首例报告及分析[J].中国皮肤性病学杂志,2003,17(5):333-335.[3]江情,金云,李智华.裴氏着色真菌致着色芽生菌病1例[J].中国皮肤性病学杂志,2010,24(1):65-66.[4]李桂珍,刘亚红,李建军,等.皮肤着色芽生菌病1例[J].中国皮肤性病学杂志,2010,24(9):878-879.     

国产益康哩治疗皮肤癣菌病357例临床疗效分析

益康唑(Econazole)是化学合成的广谱抗真菌新药①.1969年由瑞士西拉凯米公司(Cilag-Chemic)创制成功②.化学名为1-(2-(2.4-二氯苯基)-2-(4-氯苄氧基)-乙基〕咪唑硝酸盐.     

盐酸赛庚啶治疗荨麻疹等疾病658例临床观察

盐酸赛康啶(Cyproheptadine hydrochloride或称Periactin)的化学名称为4-(5H-2苯骈[a·b]环庚烯-5-叉基)-1-止甲基呱啶酸盐.     

显示辅助和抑制两种T细胞免疫表型的皮肤T细胞淋巴瘤一例

皮肤T细胞淋巴瘤(CTGL)的免疫表型虽大都为辅助(Th)型^[1],但其异质性却复杂^[2],少数病例可表现为抑制(Ts)型^[3]或初为Th后为Ts型^[4],也可为ThTs两种表型^[5-7],或失去其特殊表型标记等^[1].     

银屑病患者血中分子含量及其临床意义

近年来,国际上对血液中中分子量物质(简称中分子;MMS)作了大量的研究工作^[1],发现中分子参与许多疾病的发病机制^[2-4].     

副肿瘤性肢端角化症一例

1965年Bazex等曾在法国报道一例梨状隐窝癌患者伴有四肢鳞屑性红斑,并命名为副肿瘤性肢端角化症(Acrokerotrsis paraneoplastica,APN)^[1].迄今国外报道共60余例^[2-4].1984年立花隆夫等报道^[5]1例,为亚州首例,在我国尚未见报道,本文特将所见一例报告如下.     

皮肤毛发移行疹

匐形疹(creeping eruption)是某些寄生虫(如钩虫、线虫、绦虫、吸虫等)的幼虫、蝇蛆、疥螨等在皮肤中潜行、挖掘隧道,引起周围皮肤炎症,形成隆起的匐行性线状损害[1].1957年,Yaffee[2]首先报道1例由毛干在人体皮肤浅层移行所致的匐形疹样损害,并命名为植入性毛发(imbedded hair)[2],至今已报道24例[2-12].我国Luo等[3-4]在国外杂志先后报道2例,国内杂志至今未见类似报道.     

国内首株阿萨希毛孢子菌超微结构观察

2001年我们在国内报道了首例播散性毛孢子菌病^[1],并对其致病菌进行生化鉴定、DNA测序等,证实该菌为阿萨希毛孢子菌(Trichosporon asahii)^[2].该菌是一种可致白毛结节病及甲真菌病的酵母样真菌,在免疫缺陷和肿瘤患者可致皮肤或脏器感染^[3].我们曾对该菌的光镜形态结构及其培养特征进行了观察报道^[4].根据Medline(1966-2002)、CBMdisc(1981-2002)、CMCC(2002-)、中国专利文摘数据库、中国科技成果大全等数据库检索,有关阿萨希毛孢子菌的超微结构研究,国内外文献中均未见有报道.现将该菌的扫描电镜、透射电镜超微形态结构观察报道如下.     

染色胶乳RPR方法及试剂制备研究

长期来试图用胶乳放大VDRL试验,但未能常规应用[1]。我们用苏丹黑B染色聚苯乙烯(PS)胶乳取代RPR试验中的活性炭制备检测梅毒非螺旋体(NTP)抗体的过筛试验试剂,取得满意的结果。材料和方法1.染色胶乳及其RPR试剂制备　按乳液聚合法制备PS胶乳[2]。苏丹黑B溶于无水乙醇达饱和,以3000r/min离心15min。上清液在搅拌下逐滴加于热至65℃的胶乳内至染成黑色,冷却。离心如前,沉淀加水悬浮至30%(W/V)固体浓度。按美国疾病控制中心(CDC)标准化方法配制USR抗原[3],在其中加染色胶乳至0.3%,即成染色胶乳RPR试剂。2.染色胶乳RPR试验　按CD…     

抗人疱疹病毒8型抗体效价在不同类型Kaposi肉瘤患者中的初步调查

研究表明,新疆不但是Kaposi肉瘤的高发区,亦是人疱疹病毒8型(HHV-8)的流行区(不同人群中感染率介于12.5%～48%)~([1-2]).Sims等[3]提出高效价抗HHV-8抗体的产生是导致HHV-8感染者罹患Kaposi肉瘤的绝对危险因素.而Newton等[4]的研究表明,抗LANA(潜伏态核抗原)高效价抗体与Kaposi肉瘤侵害程度无关.     

The activity of imidazole derivatives in the presence of human plasma (author's transl)

By Warburg technique using yeasts and staphylococci, any decrease in antimicrobial activity of the imidazole derivatives could be excluded in the presence of human plasma. Econazole nitrate, the classical topical imidazole derivative, and ketoconazole, an oral active antifungal, were tested. The compatibility between imidazole derivatives and human plasma is of practical importance for obtaining optimal therapeutic results in treating human mycoses.     

砒硫霉净抑菌作用及治疗皮肤癣菌病疗效观察

砒硫霉净是一种广谱抗真菌药物,其化学名为2-硫基吡啶-N-氧化物钠.体外药敏试验表明:其对17种真菌均有不同程度的抑制作用.尤其是红色毛癣菌,絮状表皮癣菌和石膏样毛癣菌,其最低抑菌浓度,优于益康唑.我们应用砒硫霉净治疗皮肤癣菌病103例疗效满意,治愈率为87.38%.应用砒硫霉净霜剂和稀醇溶液对比治疗观察表明无显著差(P>0.05).     

Treatment of tinea pedis with econazole nitrate cream

This study investigated the clinical effectiveness and the long-term relapse rate of the topical imidazole, econazole nitrate, in the treatment of tinea pedis. Econazole nitrate cream was applied by twenty-two patients with tinea pedis for twenty-eight consecutive days. Therapy was then discontinued and patients were evaluated to determine the long-term relapse rate. Nineteen (86 percent) of the twenty-two patients were considered cured at the end of twenty-eight days of treatment. At the follow-up examinations, 74 percent of the group considered to be clinically cured at the end of therapy remained clear for one month, 84 percent for two months, and 63 percent for three months after stopping active treatment. These data demonstrate that econazole nitrate is a highly effective topical agent in the treatment of tinea pedis and that clinical and mycologic cures in almost two thirds of the patients last for at least three months.     

Selective calmodulin antagonists fail to inhibit phorbol ester-induced superoxide anion release from human neutrophils: effects of antifungal azole derivatives

Summary The ability of antifungal azole derivatives to inhibit superoxide anion release from human leucocytes and the relevance of their documented calmodulin (CaM) antagonism was investigated with respect to anti-inflammatory drug activity. Econazole, miconazole and clotrimazole were found to inhibit phorbol ester-induced release of superoxide anions from human polymurphonuclear leucocytes effectively with IC₅₀ values in the range of 36–162 μmol/1. In contrast, bifonazole and ketoconazole produced minimal or no inhibition, thus suggesting that mechanisms other than inhibition of superoxide anion release may largely account for their clinical activity in inflammatory skin disorders. The selective CaM antagonist J-8, which was used as a reference, failed to inhibit the release process, whereas W-7 as a dual CaM/protein kinase C inhibitor induced dose-dependent inhibition. When tested on protein kinuse C activity in vitro , econazole, miconazole and clotrimazole were inhibitory, but bifonazole and ketoconazole were without significant effect. It is thus concluded that inhibition of superoxide anion release reflects the ability of these drugs to inhibit protein kinase C, but not their potency to antagonize CaM. Given the role of reactive oxygen species in lissue damage hy neutrophils. we propose protein kinase C, rather than CaM, as another potential target of anti-inflammatory therapy.     

Topical antiviral and antifungal medications in pregnancy: a review of safety profiles

Medications should be employed with caution in women of childbearing age who are pregnant or considering pregnancy. Compared to oral or parenteral agents, topical medications have limited systemic absorption and are deemed safer. However, their safety profile must be assessed cautiously due to the limited available data. In this article, we aggregate human and animal studies to provide recommendations on utilizing topical antiviral and antifungal medications in pregnancy. For antiviral medications, acyclovir and trichloroacetic acid are safe to use in pregnancy. Docosanol, imiquimod and penciclovir are likely safe, but should be utilized as second‐line agents. Podofilox and podophyllin resin should be avoided. For antifungal medications, clotrimazole, miconazole and nystatin are considered first‐line agents. Butenafine, ciclopirox, naftifine, oxiconazole and terbinafine may be utilized after the above agents. Econazole should be avoided during the first trimester and used sparingly during 2nd and 3rd trimester. Ketoconazole and selenium sulphide are likely safe, but should be employed in limited areas for brief periods.     

硝酸益康唑与六种抗菌药物体外抗菌活性的比较

目的评价硝酸益康唑(简称益康唑)的抗葡萄球菌效果。方法222株从湿疹及特应性皮炎患者皮损处分离出的葡萄球菌，采用肉汤稀释法测定对新霉素、红霉素、青霉素、头孢噻肟钠、环丙沙星及阿米卡星的最小抑菌浓度。结果对甲氧西林敏感的金葡菌的MIC50值，益康唑与新霉素、环丙沙星、阿米卡星、头孢噻肟钠相近，低于青霉素与红霉素。对甲氧西林耐药的金葡菌的MIC50明显低于其他6种抗菌药物。对甲氧西林敏感且凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌的MIC50与阿米卡星、环丙沙星、青霉素相同，低于新霉素、头孢噻肟钠、红霉素。对甲氧西林耐药凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌的MIC50与阿米卡星、环丙沙星、青霉素、新霉素相近，低于头孢噻肟钠、红霉素。根据NCCLS标准显示：环丙沙星、青霉素、红霉素无论对金葡菌还是对凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌的耐药率均相当高。阿米卡星及头孢噻肟钠对甲氧西林敏感株的耐药率较低．但对甲氧西林耐药株高至50％1以上。益康唑的MIC50与MIC90值相近。而新霉素的MIC50与MIC90值相差很大，其MIC90值则远高于益康唑。结论益康唑对金葡菌及凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌均有明显的抗菌效果。益康唑的MIC50与MIC90值相近，未出现对益康唑的耐药现象。     

Correlation of autoantibodies against BP180/BP230 in response to topical corticosteroids in patients with bullous pemphigoid

Topical steroids are effective in treating bullous pemphigoid (BP). Autoantibodies against BP180 are related to disease activity, but correlation of these autoantibodies with response to topical steroid therapy has not yet been clearly evaluated. We investigate the usefulness of close and early monitoring of autoantibodies against BP180 and BP230 for assessment of response to therapy and early detection of therapeutic failure in BP patients treated topically. In eight BP patients under treatment with topical or systemic steroid therapy we retrospectively evaluated clinical course and autoantibodies against BP180 and BP230 as well as indirect immunofluorescence titres (IIF). Data were included at diagnosis, during hospitalization and follow‐ups. Autoantibodies against BP180 parallel disease activity in all topically and as well as systemically treated patients. Autoantibodies against BP230 correlated in five out of eight patients. Autoantibodies directed against BP180 and, to a lesser degree, against BP230 correlate with the clinical course of topically treated BP patients. Monitoring autoantibodies against BP180 is a useful tool to evaluate the efficacy of topical therapy in BP.     

IgG autoantibody reactivity against bullous pemphigoid (BP) 180 and BP230 in elderly patients with pruritic dermatoses

Background  Pruritic dermatoses of the elderly often pose a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Specifically, a prodromal phase of bullous pemphigoid (BP) has to be considered in patients with pruritic lesions of polymorphic appearance. These conditions frequently do not fulfil all the clinical, histological and immunopathological criteria for establishing the diagnosis of BP.
Objectives  To investigate IgG reactivity against the autoantigens of BP, BP180 and BP230, by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, in elderly patients affected with various pruritic disorders who had never experienced clinically apparent blisters.
Methods  The sera of 15 elderly patients with pruritic disorders (group I) were tested for IgG reactivity against BP180 and BP230. Also included were 30 patients with full-blown BP (group II) and 25 age-matched patients with immediate-type allergic reactions (group III).
Results  Thirty-three per cent of the patients with pruritic disorders (group I) showed IgG against BP230 and/or BP180: four of 15 patients had IgG against BP230 while two of the 15 group I patients were BP180 reactive. All the BP sera (group II) showed IgG reactivity against BP180 and/or BP230. Notably, two of 25 control sera (group III) showed IgG reactivity against either BP180 or BP230.
Conclusions  The present findings suggest that IgG reactivity against BP230 (i.e. the COOH terminus), and to a lesser extent against BP180, is a common finding in pruritic disorders of the elderly with a wide clinical spectrum. IgG-mediated autoimmunity against the intracellular BP230 may facilitate a chronic, inflammatory response eventually leading to full-blown BP which is presumably associated with IgG against BP180.     

The in vitro activity of pentane-1,5-diol against aerobic bacteria. A new antimicrobial agent for topical usage?

Multi-resistance to antibiotic therapy and to biocides is becoming increasingly common, which has led to mounting concern worldwide regarding the future use of traditional antimicrobials. Diols or glycols also have antimicrobial effects. Pentane-1,5-diol has low oral toxicity, is essentially non-irritating to the skin and has high antimicrobial activities against bacteria, fungi and viruses. The effect of pentane-1,5-diol against both sensitive and multi-resistant Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria was tested in vitro against 85 bacterial strains showing minimal inhibitory concentrations in the range of 2.5 to 15.0% (vol/vol) against both antibiotic-susceptible and multi-resistant aerobic bacteria. The exact mechanism of action is unknown but probably pentane-1,5-diol sucks water out of the bacterial cells which then collapse, a mechanism to which it is probably very difficult to develop resistance. The high activity against multi-resistant bacteria makes pentane-1,5-diol an interesting new compound for topical antimicrobial therapy in humans.