经支气管针吸活检对支气管结核的诊断价值

目的 探讨经支气管针吸活检术（TBNA）对支气管结核的诊断价值。方法 对36例支气管结核患者进行TBNA检查,同时与刷检、活检的病理学及细菌学结果对比分析。结果 36例患者中TBNA的确诊率为83．3％（30／36）,刷检为44．4％（16／36）,活检为55．6％（10／18）。TBNA与刷检比较,经统计学处理,有显著性差异（P＜0．005）。其中21例早期支气管结核病人的TBNA确诊率为90．5％（19／21）,刷检为28．6％（6／21）,两者经统计学处理,具有显著性差异（P＜0．005）。结论 该技术能够显著提高支气管结核的诊断率,特别是老年患者,值得推广应用。     

经支气管针吸活检与肺活检对肺癌的诊断价值

本文通过对２６例疑似肺癌病人经支气管针吸活检和经支气管肺活检，同时行支气管肺泡灌洗术等综合检查。探讨对肺癌的诊断价值。结果表明：通过病理组织学或细胞学明确诊断为肺癌者２２例。阳性率８４％。经支气管针吸活检、支气管肺活检及支气管肺泡灌洗阳性率分别为６５％、５８％、３８％。提示：综合检查对肺癌诊断率明显提高，三者之间有相互弥补作用。     

经支气管针吸活检

自 1968年纤维支气管镜 (下称纤支镜 )应用于临床以来 ,对呼吸系统疾病的诊断和治疗起到非常重的作用 ,尤其在纤支镜下可直接窥见病变 ,通过活检、刷检或冲洗等手段进行病理、细胞等病原学检查 ,大多数患者都能得到明确诊断。然而 ,某些患者纤支镜检查不能直接窥见管腔外病变 ,这就给取材带来一定的困难。经支气管针吸活检 ( TBNA)是应用一种特制的带有可弯曲导管的穿刺针 ,通过纤支镜对气管、支气管腔外病变 ,如肿块、肿大淋巴结和管腔闭锁等病变进行经支气管壁针吸活检 ,获取标本进行细胞学或 (和 )病理学检查的一种新技术和新的方法。…     

支气管镜下活检并刷检结合经支气管针吸活检在肺癌诊断中的临床应用价值

目的探讨支气管镜下活检并刷检结合经支气管针吸活检对肺癌的诊断作用。方法在491例支气管镜检查中常规行支气管镜下病变活检并刷检,其中胸部增强CT检查提示纵隔和/或肺门淋巴结肿大同时伴有或不伴有肺部病变的37例患者,对其纵隔和/或肺门肿大淋巴结予以经支气管针吸活检(transbronchial needle aspiration,TBNA)。对所有获取的标本进行细胞学或病理学检查。结果 491例患者中,269例(54.8%)获得明确的病理诊断,其中37例TBNA患者的穿刺成功率和病理诊断阳性率分别为81.1%(30/37)和70.3%(26/37),从而提高了支气管镜检查对肺癌诊断的阳性率。所有受检患者均无明显的并发症。结论常规支气管镜检查中对病变进行活检并刷检结合TBNA操作简便、安全且有效,对临床肺癌患者的病理诊断率高。     

经支气管针吸活检在纵隔及肺门淋巴结结核诊断中的作用

目的 探讨经支气管针吸活检术（TBNA）在纵隔及肺门淋巴结结核诊断中的作用和临床意义。方法 在常规气管镜检查过程中，对CT检查提示纵隔及肺门淋巴结肿大、肺部及气道腔内无异常表现的24例患者予以TBNA术，在用细胞学穿刺针活检的基础上，选择性地应用组织学穿刺活检针，对所获标本进行细胞学、组织学切片及涂片找抗酸杆菌等检查。结果 24例患者中，18例获得明确的组织学诊断，5例涂片中找到抗酸杆菌，所有患者均无明显的并发症。结论 TBNA操作方便、安全，有较高的诊断率，可作为诊断纵隔及肺门淋巴结结核的首选方法和技术。     

经支气管针吸活检

本文介绍了经支气管针吸活检这一项新技术使用的器械、操作方法及临床应用的情况。对于普通纤支镜无法诊断的支气管周围病变、支气管粘膜下病变、肺部周边型肿块、纵隔和肺门块影等,经支气管针吸活检具有较高的诊断价值。作者阐述了操作过程中应注意的事项。     

经支气管针吸活检的临床应用

自经支气管针吸活检术（ＴＢＮＡ）在临床应用以来，作为一种创伤小、实用方便的手段，对肺癌的诊断和分期起着重要的作用［１～３］，在很大程度上取代了创伤大、费用高而检查范围相对较小的纵隔镜和开胸探查，使纤维支气管镜（纤支镜）检查范围由单纯评价气道内疾病扩大...     

支气管超声引导下经支气管针吸活检术研究进展

<正>支气管超声(EBUS)引导下经支气管针吸活检术(TBNA)自引入临床至今已有十年余,这项微创技术的使用从根本上影响了胸部疾病的诊断手段,尤其是在肺癌方面,在世界范围内得到了认可。起初,普通支气管镜用于诊断支气管内病变,后常规经支气管针吸活检(cTBNA)发明被用于诊断部分支气管腔外病变,但成功率较低,且盲法操作易损伤血管,EBUS-TBNA应运而生。EBUS不仅允许操作者观察支气管黏膜和其周围组织,近年来还发展了淋巴结弹性成像技术,可大     

经支气管淋巴结针吸活检技术探讨

经支气管针吸活检(transbronchial needle aspiration,TBNA)是支气管镜检查中的一个基本项目,是纵隔、肺门肿大淋巴结或占位性病变、肺癌分期、黏膜下病变等的重要诊断手段,随着经典TBNA的普及,特别是近年来超声实时引导下TBNA的出现,更引起人们的重视,在临床上起到越来越重要的作用。本文对TBNA具体操作时应注意的技术问题,包括术前准备、麻醉、进镜途径、穿刺针的选择、穿刺点的确定、穿刺技术、标本处理及并发症等方面进行了探讨,强调了TBNA是一系统工程,应注重每一环节,熟悉相关知识,有较熟练的支气管镜操作技术,并接受专业系统的培训,反复操作,不断提高。     

Diagnostic value of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration in various lung diseases

Objective:

Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) is a new method for the diagnosis and staging of lung disease, and its use is increasing worldwide. It has been used as a means of diagnosing lung cancer in its initial stages, and there are data supporting its use for the diagnosis of benign lung disease. The aim of this study was to share our experience with EBUS-TBNA and discuss its diagnostic value.

Methods:

We retrospectively analyzed the results related to 159 patients who underwent EBUS-TBNA at our pulmonary medicine clinic between 2010 and 2013. We recorded the location and size of lymph nodes seen during EBUS. Lymph nodes that appeared to be affected on EBUS were sampled at least twice. We recorded the diagnostic results of EBUS-TBNA and (for cases in which EBUS-TBNA yielded an inconclusive diagnosis) the final diagnoses after further investigation and follow-up.

Results:

We evaluated 159 patients, of whom 89 (56%) were male and 70 (44%) were female. The mean age was 54.6 ± 14.2 years among the male patients and 51.9 ± 11.3 years among the female patients. Of the 159 patients evaluated, 115 (84%) were correctly diagnosed by EBUS. The diagnostic accuracy of EBUS-TBNA was 83% for benign granulomatous diseases and 77% for malignant diseases.

Conclusions:

The diagnostic value of EBUS-TBNA is also high for benign pathologies, such as sarcoidosis and tuberculosis. In patients with mediastinal disorders, the use of EBUS-TBNA should be encouraged, primarily because it markedly reduces the need for mediastinoscopy.     

经气管镜针吸活检诊断纵隔疾病的价值

目的 探讨经气管镜针吸活检(TBNA)对纵隔疾病的诊断价值。方法 对32例肺CT检查显示气管、支气管旁纵隔肿物的患者进行气管镜针吸活检术，穿刺部位分别为气管旁、隆突前、隆突后、隆突下、左右气管旁。结果 19例气管镜检查无气管黏膜及管腔改变，9例出现气管轻度外压型改变，4例气管局部软骨环消失；32例患者共进行穿刺78个位点针刺活检。诊断阳性例数为24例，阳性率为75％，其中10例(31％)为非小细胞肺癌，7例(22％)为肺鳞癌，4例(13％)为肺腺癌，1例(3％)为结节病，1例(3％)为纵隔积液，1例(3％)为纵隔脓肿，其他6例(19％)涂片发现正常淋巴细胞，2例(6％)发现慢性炎症细胞，除6例(19％)穿刺后小量一过性局部出血外无其他并发症。结论 TBNA是诊断气管旁纵隔疾病安全有效的方法。     

超声支气管镜下穿刺活检对成人纵隔淋巴结结核的早期诊断价值（附87例临床报告）

目的 探讨超声支气管镜下穿刺活检（EBUS-TBNA）对于纵隔淋巴结结核的早期诊断价值。方法 选取上海市肺科医院2010年1月至2012年12月期间,影像学及临床诊断为纵隔淋巴结结核但气管镜检查无异常的患者共87例;其中男51例,女36例,年龄21～70岁,平均（48.5±11.5）岁。所有患者行EBUS-TBNA,标本送检病理、抗酸杆菌涂片、培养和体外聚合酶链反应检测,根据检测结果进行诊断性治疗并随访3个月,治疗无效者进行纵隔镜检查,最终统计EBUS-TBNA在纵隔淋巴结结核诊断中的诊断率。应用统计软件SPSS 13.0进行数据分析和计算。 结果 66例患者通过EBUS-TBNA直接确诊结核病,1例确诊为非结核分枝杆菌（NTM）感染（菌型鉴定为鸟-胞内分枝杆菌,MAC）;5例确诊肺癌,2例确诊结节病,13例未得到任何阳性证据;13例中6例通过诊断性抗结核治疗确诊结核病,7例行纵隔镜检查,其中3例确诊淋巴瘤,3例肺癌,1例结核病。因此87例患者中最终确诊结核病73例,其中通过EBUS-TBNA确诊66例（90.41%,66/73）。经过EBUS-TBNA确诊结核病的66例中21例（31.82%,21/66）为结核分枝杆菌涂片和（或）培养阳性（3例结核分枝杆菌药敏试验提示耐药）;40例（60.61%,40/66）结核分枝杆菌聚合酶链反应检测阳性,38例（57.58%,38/66）病理检测结果为干酪样坏死或者结核性肉芽肿。 结论 EBUS-TBNA在纵隔淋巴结结核特别是耐药纵隔淋巴结结核的早期诊断上可能具有一定的价值。     

Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration in the diagnosis of small cell lung cancer

BackgroundMassive lymphadenopathy and direct mediastinal invasion are well-recognized phenomena in patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC). The aim of this study was to assess the utility of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) in the diagnosis of SCLC.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the records of 780 patients who underwent EBUS-TBNA at our institution from March 2004 to June 2012. Of these, 101 had a final diagnosis of SCLC. Excluding 3 patients with known SCLC who underwent EBUS-TBNA for staging purposes and including 2 patients who underwent EBUS-TBNA twice for the diagnosis of recurrence after achieving complete response by chemoradiation therapy during the study period, a total of 100 EBUS-TBNA procedures in 98 patients were analyzed.ResultsOther diagnostic tests prior to the initial EBUS-TBNA had failed to yield a diagnosis in 41 patients. The overall diagnostic yield of EBUS-TBNA for SCLC was 97% (97 of 100). Rapid on-site cytologic evaluation (ROSE) was performed at the operator's discretion in 77 procedures. ROSE did not have any impact on diagnostic yield (99% with ROSE vs. 90% without ROSE, p=0.1), but the use of ROSE was associated with fewer lesions (mean 1.1 with ROSE vs. 1.6 without ROSE, p<0.01) or aspirates (mean 2.3 with ROSE vs. 4.0 without ROSE, p<0.01).ConclusionsEBUS-TBNA provided a high diagnostic yield in SCLC with or without ROSE. EBUS-TBNA can be recommended for patients suspected to have SCLC, even if other diagnostic tests have failed.     

常规经支气管镜针吸活检与超声引导下经支气管镜针吸活检对纵隔病变诊断的比较

目的 比较常规经支气管镜针吸活检(TBNA)和超声引导下经支气管镜肺活检(EBUS-TBNA)在同等条件下对纵隔病变的诊断的准确率及并发症的发生率等.方法 收集2008年10月至2009年10月广东省顺德第一人民医院呼吸科因胸部CT提示纵隔病变进行活检的患者95例,其中男65例,女30例,年龄13～85岁,平均(56±16)岁.所有患者于局部麻醉下行支气管镜,对172组纵隔病变先进行常规TBNA,后进行EBUS-TBNA,比较两者穿刺活检的阳性率、组织标本获取率及血管损伤率.结果 95例中确诊为恶性病变者71例,其中常规TBNA确诊65例,诊断阳性率为92%;EBUS-TBNA确诊68例,诊断阳性率为96%.172组病灶中,常规TBNA穿刺阳性结果为108组,总阳性率为63%(108/172),而EBUS-TBNA阳性结果为112组,总阳性率为65%(112/172).常规TBNA和EBUS-TBNA对纵隔良、恶性病变的诊断无明显差异,但EBUS-TBNA获取组织标本的成功率(39/95)高于常规TBNA(22/95).常规TBNA误伤血管7例,略高于EBUS-TBNA(3例).但差异无统计学意义.结论 在熟练掌握操作技术和方法后,两种方法均可获得满意的穿刺结果,操作者可选择性应用两种方法,做到优势互补.

Abstract：

Objective To compare the diagnostical yields and complication of conventional transbronchial needle aspiration ( TBNA ) and endobronchial ultrasound guided transbronchial needle aspiration ( EBUS-TBNA ) for the mediastium lesions under the same condition. Method Ninty-five patients with mediastinal lesions on chest CT were included. Bronchoscopy was performed under the local anesthesia, TBNA, EBUS-TBNA performed sequentially as a single combined procedure. Results Of the71 patients comfirmed to be malignant, the positive rate of TBNA was 92% ( 65/71 ), and 96% ( 68/71 )by EBUS-TBNA. There was no difference in malignant and benign lesions between conventional TBNA and EBUS-TBNA, but the success rate for obtaining adequate samples was higher by EBUS-TBNA ( 39/95 ) as compared to TBNA( 22/95 ). Accidental injury of the blood vessels occurred in 7 cases by TBNA as compared to 3 cases by EBUS-TBNA, but the difference was not significant. Conclusion Satisfactory diagnostic yields can be obtained by either conventional TBNA or EBUS-TBNA in skilled hands.     

Percutaneous transthoracic needle biopsies in the rapid diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis

From May, 1987, to December, 1990, 173 percutaneous transthoracic needle biopsies (PTNB) using a 19-gauge spinal needle under uniplane fluoroscopic guidance were performed in 160 patients. Thirty-one patients had a final diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis. These patients with tuberculosis underwent a total of 35 biopsies. Twenty of 35 (57%) had definite histologic features of tuberculosis with stainable acid-fast bacilli, 4/35 (11.5%) had granulomatous or caseous lesion consistent with tuberculosis, and 11/35 had nonspecific inflammatory changes. When results were matched with the sputum culture results, 15/35 specimens (43%) provided the exclusive means of diagnosis of tuberculosis. Five of 35 (14%) patients developed postbiopsy pneumothoraces. The overall acceptance by patients was good. This report indicates the potential usefulness of PTNB in the rapid diagnosis of selected cases of suspected pulmonary tuberculosis. The yield was comparable to fiberoptic bronchoscopy, currently commonly used in the diagnosis of pulmonary mycobacterial disease. The procedure was noted for its simplicity.     

经气管镜超声引导针吸活检术在纵隔疾病诊断中的价值

目的探讨经纤维支气管镜超声引导针吸活检术（endobronchialultrasound—guidedtransbronchialneedleaspiration,EBUS—TBNA）在纵隔疾病诊断中的价值。方法2009年1月至2010年12月对326例经CT扫描发现有纵隔病变患者,在支气管镜检查过程中完成EBUS—TBNA操作,直接涂片送检。结果326例患者中,192例常规气管镜检查无黏膜及管腔改变,47例局部黏膜增厚肿胀或有小结节样改变,62例管腔呈轻度外压型改变,25例气管局部软骨环消失。326例患者共穿刺486个位点,获得阳性诊断304例,阳性率为93．25％（304／326）,其中恶性肿瘤260例（79．75％,260／326）,分别为肺鳞癌81例、肺腺癌78例、肺大细胞未分化癌8例、肺小细胞未分化癌74例、肺淋巴瘤7例、难以分类的恶性肿瘤12例;良性病变44例,分别为结节病32例、结核病7例、慢性淋巴结炎5例。486个位点共穿刺576针,482针（83．6％,482／576）经纤维支气管镜针吸活检术（transbronehialneedleaspiration,TBNA）涂片获得阳性诊断,其中恶性肿瘤421针（肺鳞癌137针、肺腺癌124针、肺大细胞未分化癌19针、肺小细胞未分化癌117针、肺淋巴瘤11针、难以分类的恶性肿瘤13针）,良性病变61针（分别为结节病43针、结核病11针、慢性淋巴结炎7针）;48针涂片中可见多个淋巴细胞团,认为穿刺成功,但无阳性发现;29针涂片可见较多纤毛柱状上皮细胞,未穿透气管壁,穿刺失败;17针涂片未见明显的细胞成分。TBNA并发症：31例患者穿刺部位少量出血,勿需特别处理;5例穿刺针误刺入血管内抽出新鲜血液,及时更换穿刺点顺利完成操作;未出现纵隔气肿、纵隔感染等不良反应。患者均能很好耐受操作。结论EBUS—TBNA创伤性小、安全性高,是诊断纵隔病变的有效方法。     

液基细胞学检测结合经支气管针吸活检在肺癌分期中的临床应用

目的 探讨液基细胞学检测(LCT)结合经支气管针吸活检(TBNA)对肺癌纵膈淋巴结分期的应用价值.方法 回顾性分析2011年8月至2013年12月间在宝鸡市中心医院呼吸内科32例行常规电子支气管镜检查经组织学确诊的并最终行手术切除的非小细胞肺癌病例,术前均行TBNA纵隔淋巴结分期,穿刺物分别行常规涂片(CS)法与LCT法处理,所有患者行肺癌根治切除术及淋巴结清扫术,分析LCT法结合TBNA在非小细胞肺癌术前纵隔淋巴结分期中病理诊断的敏感性、特异性、准确性、阳性预测值和阴性预测值,同时分析其病理类型的符合率及分期的准确率.结果 LCT法与CS法的敏感性、特异性、准确性、阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别是96.05％、100.00％、96.51％、100.00％、76.92％和61.84％、100.00％、66.28％、100.00％、25.64％.LCT法在肺癌纵隔淋巴结分期的敏感性、阴性预测性、准确性等方面均明显高于CS法(P值均＜0.01).LCT法在判断肺癌TBNA细胞病理学类型与手术组织病理学类型的符合率明显高于CS法(93.10％ vs 58.62％,x2＝12.02,P＜0.01).LCT法c-N分期准确率高于CS法(93.75％ vs 62.50％,x2=9.14,P＜0.01).结论 LCT法结合TBNA能有效提高肺癌纵隔淋巴结分期诊断敏感性、准确性、细胞病理学类型符合率、c-N分期准确率,值得临床推广应用.     

经支气管镜针吸活检术在肺部及纵隔疾病中的应用价值

目的探讨经支气管镜针吸活检术(TBNA)在肺部及纵隔疾病中的临床应用价值。方法对42例肺部及纵隔病变进行针吸活检,观察阳性率。结果 42例均针吸或活检成功,确诊率76.2%,无严重并发症。结论 TBNA对肺部及纵隔疾病诊断率高,并发症少。     

Tuberculous mediastinal lymphadenitis that evolved into pulmonary tuberculosis following transbronchial needle aspiration

This case report describes a patient with multi‐drug‐resistant mediastinal lymph node tuberculosis that evolved to smear‐positive pulmonary tuberculosis following transbronchial needle aspiration. This is the first report of this complication, and bronchoscopists should be vigilant for its occurrence.