不同剂量布托啡诺联合罗哌卡因用于硬膜外分娩镇痛

目的采用不同剂量布托啡诺联合0.25%罗哌卡因用于硬膜外分娩镇痛,探讨较适宜的布托啡诺剂量。方法选择足月、单胎头位初产妇120例,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,随机均分成四组,在硬膜外麻醉下分别接受下列药物:A组,9.5 ml 0.25%罗哌卡因加0.5 ml布托啡诺(0.5 mg);B组,9 ml0.25%罗哌卡因加1.0 ml布托啡诺(1.0 mg);C组,8.5 ml 0.25%罗哌卡因加1.5 ml布托啡诺(1.5mg);D组(对照组),10 ml 0.25%罗哌卡因。观察四组产妇疼痛开始缓解时间(T1)、疼痛完全缓解持续时间(T2)及总用药量。用视觉模拟评分(VAS)和改良Bromage评分评估镇痛、运动神经阻滞情况,观察各组产妇的生命体征、产程时间、用药量及新生儿Apgar评分。结果随着布托啡诺浓度的提高,T1逐渐缩短,与D组比较,B、C组T1明显缩短(P<0.01)。随着使用布托啡诺剂量的增加T2延长,与D组比较,B、C组T2明显延长(P<0.01)。与D组比较,B、C组罗哌卡因总用量明显降低(P<0.01)。结论0.25%罗哌卡因9 ml联合1 mg布托啡诺用于分娩镇痛为最佳剂量且有效安全。     

布托啡诺、芬太尼复合局麻药用于臂丛神经阻滞的效果比较

目的探讨布托啡诺、芬太尼复合局麻用于臂丛神经阻滞的效果。方法选择臂丛神经阻滞下行前臂、腕部和手部手术的患者90例,随机分为3组,A组注入1%利多卡因+0.25%罗哌卡因+1 mg布托啡诺25 mL。B组注入1%利多卡因+0.25%罗哌卡因+1.5μg/kg芬太尼mL。C组注入1%利多卡因+0.25%罗哌卡因25 mL。比较3组镇痛效果、术后镇痛时间及麻醉期间出现的不良反应。结果 A、B组与C组比较,术中镇痛效果满意,术后镇痛时间显著延长。差异有统计学意义(P0.05),术中B组有3例,C组有5例患者出现寒战反应。术中所有患者均无呼吸抑制发生。结论布托啡诺、芬太尼与罗哌卡因混合用于臂丛神经阻滞镇痛效果好,术后镇痛时间长。     

酒石酸布托啡诺在硬膜外术后镇痛中的应用

目的通过与吗啡作对比研究酒石酸布托啡诺在术后硬膜外镇痛中的效能和副作用。方法56例择期行在腰硬联合麻醉下行下腹部手术患者,男36例,女20例,年龄21岁～63岁,ASAⅠ～Ⅱ,随机分成二组：M组（吗啡组n=28）：0．004％吗啡＋0．12％布比卡因,B组（酒石酸布托啡诺n=28）：0．004％酒石酸布托啡诺＋0．12％布比卡因,进行硬膜外术后镇痛。手术缝皮时分别向两组病人硬膜外腔注射吗啡或酒石酸布托啡诺1mg做为负荷剂量,然后接硬膜外PCA泵,参数设定如下背景输入速度2ml／h,自控镇痛剂量0．5ml／次,锁定时间15min。用VAS评分评价镇痛效果,同时观察硬膜外术后镇痛的并发症。结果两组镇痛效果都较为满意;酒石酸布托啡诺组的VAS评分低于吗啡组,但无统计学意义。酒石酸布托啡诺组瘙痒、恶心、呕吐的发生率低于吗啡组。结论酒石酸布托啡诺硬膜外术后镇痛效果可靠,副作用少,值得在临床中推广使用。     

罗哌卡因复合布托啡诺腹横肌平面阻滞对妇科腹腔镜手术患者术后镇痛及早期康复的影响

目的评价罗哌卡因复合布托啡诺腹横肌平面(transversus abdominis plane,TAP)阻滞对妇科腹腔镜手术患者术后镇痛及早期康复的影响。方法择期全麻下行妇科腹腔镜手术患者60例,年龄18~65岁,体重50~76 kg,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,采用随机数字表法将患者随机分为两组:罗哌卡因复合布托啡诺组(BR组)和罗哌卡因组(R组),每组30例。所有患者在麻醉诱导后均行双侧TAP阻滞。BR组患者每侧注入0.375%罗哌卡因20 ml+0.1%布托啡诺1 ml,R组患者每侧注入0.375%罗哌卡因20 ml+生理盐水1 ml。记录患者术中丙泊酚及瑞芬太尼用量、术后2、24 h的VAS疼痛评分、术后肠道功能恢复时间、下床活动时间、术后24 h的40项恢复质量(quality of recovery,QoR-40)评分。记录TAP阻滞有关不良反应和术后恶心呕吐的发生情况。结果与R组比较,BR组术中瑞芬太尼用量明显减少(P<0.05),术后2 h的VAS疼痛评分明显降低(P<0.05),术后24 h的QoR-40评分明显升高(P<0.05)。两组术中丙泊酚用量、术后肠道功能恢复时间、下床活动时间、术后恶心呕吐发生率差异无统计学意义。两组均无一例TAP阻滞有关不良反应发生。结论罗哌卡因复合布托啡诺用于腹横肌平面阻滞可减少术中瑞芬太尼用量,改善术后疼痛,提高患者术后麻醉恢复质量。     

布托啡诺混合罗哌卡因竖脊肌平面阻滞对胸腔镜肺叶切除术患者术后转归的影响

目的评价布托啡诺混合罗哌卡因竖脊肌平面阻滞(ESPB)对胸腔镜肺叶切除术患者术后转归的影响。方法择期全麻下行胸腔镜肺叶切除术患者80例, 年龄35～64岁, BMI 19～30 kg/m2, 性别不限, ASA分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级。根据计算机生成的随机数字表分为2组(n=40):布托啡诺混合罗哌卡因ESPB组(EB组)和罗哌卡因ESPB组(E组)。2组均在超声引导下行ESPB。EB组注入0.1%布托啡诺1 ml和0.375%罗哌卡因的混合液20 ml, E组注入0.375%罗哌卡因20 ml。2组其他麻醉方法一致, 均于缝皮结束时停止药物靶控输注并行PCIA。记录术中瑞芬太尼消耗量、首次按压镇痛泵时间、术后24 h内补救镇痛情况和ESPB有关并发症的发生情况。术后7 d时记录恢复质量-40(QoR-40)评分, 于麻醉诱导前(T1)和术后24 h(T2)时采集外周静脉血样, 测定血浆IL-6和IL-10浓度, 行床旁肺功能检查并计算FEV1/FVC。结果与E组比较, EB组术后7 d时QoR-40评分升高, T2时FEV1/FVC升高, 血浆IL-6浓度降低, IL-10浓度升高, 术中瑞芬太...     

布托啡诺对患者自控硬膜外镇痛罗哌卡因EC50的影响

目的观察布托啡诺对患者自控硬膜外镇痛罗哌卡因EC_(50)的影响。方法择期行胃癌根治术患者64例,男38例,女26例,年龄43～58岁,BMI 21～24 kg/m~2,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级。随机分为两组:罗哌卡因组(R组)和布托啡诺复合罗哌卡因组(BR组),每组32例。所有患者选择T_(8-9)间隙行硬膜外穿刺并置管。R组硬膜外镇痛泵配方为罗哌卡因和生理盐水混合液共100 ml,BR组硬膜外镇痛泵配方为罗哌卡因、布托啡诺5mg和生理盐水的混合液共100 ml,采用序贯法测定罗哌卡因浓度,初始浓度为0.1%,相邻药物浓度比值为1.2。采用Dixon-Massey法确定罗哌卡因EC_(50)及其95%CI。术后2 h患者VAS评分3分则镇痛有效,VAS评分≥3分则镇痛无效。记录患者术前15 min(T_0),术后1 h(T_1),术后3h(T_2),术后6 h(T_3),术后12 h(T_4),术后24 h(T_5),术后48 h(T_6)HR、MAP和RR,并进行VAS评分,运动阻滞评分。观察两组患者术后恶心呕吐、嗜睡、皮肤瘙痒和尿潴留等不良反应的发生情况并记录。结果 R组EC_(50)为0.19%(95%CI 0.17%～0.20%);DR组EC_(50)为0.11%(95%CI 0.10%～0.12%)。两组T_0—T_6时HR、MAP、RR和VAS评分差异无统计学意义;R组运动阻滞评分达到1分的发生率明显高于BR组(P0.05),R组恶心发生率明显高于BR组(P0.05)。两组均无皮肤瘙痒、尿潴留和嗜睡等不良反应发生。结论布托啡诺可增强罗哌卡因PCEA镇痛效果,降低罗哌卡因浓度,对患者呼吸循环无影响,不伴有皮肤瘙痒和恶心呕吐。     

布托啡诺术后静脉镇痛对血浆5-羟色胺、P物质和肾上腺素的影响

目的观察布托啡诺用于术后静脉自控镇痛对血清致痛物质5-羟色胺(5-HT)、P物质(PS)和肾上腺素(E)的影响。方法全麻手术患者30例随机均分为布托啡诺组(B组)、吗啡组(M组)和对照组(D组)。B组布托啡诺浓度0.006%,给药速率为0.0024 mg.kg-1.min-1,负荷剂量为0.005 mg/kg,每次有效按压给药0.003 mg/kg,锁定间隔时间10 min。M组吗啡浓度为0.025%,给药速率为0.005 mg.kg-1.min-1,负荷剂量为0.05 mg/kg,每次有效按压给药0.03 mg/kg,锁定间隔时间10 min。D组在患者需求时给予肌注吗啡10 mg。分别于麻醉诱导前(T0)、术后12 h(T1)、24 h(T2)、36 h(T3)、48 h(T4)采集肘静脉血3 ml,采用酶联免疫吸附测定法测定血清中5-HT、PS和E水平。结果B、M组T1~T4时5-HT、PS和E水平均低于D组(P<0.05)。结论布托啡诺静脉自控镇痛能抑制术后血清致痛物质5-HT、PS和E水平的升高,在一定程度上减弱痛觉信息传递,减轻机体应激反应。     

布托啡诺复合罗哌卡因切口局部浸润对老年患者结肠术后疼痛的影响

目的:探讨布托啡诺复合罗哌卡因切口局部浸润对老年患者结肠癌根治手术后疼痛的影响.方法:选择40例ASAII-III级择期行结肠癌根治手术的老年患者,随机分为布托啡诺、罗哌卡因组(B组)和罗哌卡因组(L组),手术结束后分别进行切口局部浸润.结果:术后4hVAS评分,两组无显著差异(P>0.05);术后8 h、12 h和24 h VAS评分,B组均显著低于L组(P<0.05);B组术后24 h舒芬太尼的用量明显低于L组(P<0.05);嗜睡发生率L组高于B组(χ2=7.025,P=0.00836).结论:布托啡诺可有效延长局麻药切口局部浸润的作用时间,减轻老年患者结肠癌根治术后疼痛,减少镇痛药物的用量.     

芬太尼、吗啡或丁丙诺啡复合罗哌卡因用于经尿道前列腺电切术后病人自控硬膜外镇痛

目的评价经尿道前列腺汽化电切术(TUVP)术后分别应用芬太尼、吗啡、丁丙诺啡复合罗哌卡因行硬膜外病人自控镇痛(PCEA)的效果。方法择期行TUVP的患者60例,随机均分为三组,分别在术后予硬膜外0.4mg芬太尼 0.125%罗哌卡因共100ml镇痛(A组)、4mg吗啡 0.125%罗哌卡因共100ml镇痛(B组)、0.45mg丁丙诺啡 0.125%罗哌卡因共100ml镇痛(C组),比较生命体征、视觉模拟评分(VAS)和不良反应。结果三组病人术后循环均稳定。三组术后VAS差异无统计学意义。A组不良反应少,但发生膀胱痉挛性疼痛及尿道紧迫感明显高于B组和C组(P<0.05);B组镇痛效果好,但恶心、呕吐、皮肤瘙痒等不良反应发生率高于A组和C组;C组镇痛效果好,不良反应发生率低。结论丁丙诺啡复合罗哌卡因对TUVP病人术后PCEA效果确切,循环呼吸稳定,不良反应少。     

术毕单次注射帕瑞昔布钠对布托啡诺早期镇痛效果的影响

目的观察术毕单次注射帕瑞昔布钠是否增强布托啡诺的早期镇痛效果。方法拟行择期腹部手术的患者60例,随机均分为帕瑞昔布钠组(P组)和对照组(B组),均在术毕前30min静注布托啡诺0.015mg/kg、昂丹司琼8mg,术后行PCIA(布托啡诺0.15mg/kg、昂丹司琼16mg稀释至100ml);P组术毕前30min同时静注帕瑞昔布钠40mg。记录术后4、24、48h的疼痛VAS评分、Ramsay镇静评分、追加镇痛药例数、镇痛泵按压次数和不良反应发生情况。结果 P组术后4h的VAS评分、追加镇痛药人数及术后4、24h镇痛泵按压次数明显少于B组(P<0.05)。术后4h,P组有2例需追加镇痛药,显著少于B组(12例)(P<0.01)。两组术后恶心呕吐、头晕等不良反应差异无统计学意义。结论术毕前加用帕瑞昔布钠可增强单用布托啡诺镇痛时的术后早期镇痛效果,未增加不良反应发生率。     

Continuous epidural infusion of ropivacaine for postoperative analgesia after major abdominal surgery: comparative study with i.v. PCA morphine

We have compared the quality of three regimens of postoperative analgesia (continuous epidural administration of ropivacaine (Ropi. group), epidural ropivacaine and patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) with i.v. morphine (Ropi. + PCA group) and PCA morphine alone (PCA group)) during the first postoperative 24 h in a multicentre, randomized, prospective study. Postoperative analgesia was studied in 130 patients after major abdominal surgery performed under general anaesthesia. The ropivacaine groups received 20 ml of epidural bolus ropivacaine 2 mg ml-1 via the epidural route at the end of surgery, followed by continuous infusion of 10 ml h-1 for 24 h. The Ropi. + PCA group also had access to i.v. PCA morphine 1 mg, with a 5-min lockout. The PCA group received morphine as the sole postoperative pain treatment. The two ropivacaine groups had lower pain scores (P < 0.01) than the PCA group. Morphine consumption was higher in the PCA group (P < 0.05) than in the two ropivacaine groups. The quality of pain relief was rated as good or excellent in 79-85% of patients in the three groups. The percentage of patients without motor block increased between 4 and 24 h from 61% to 89% in the Ropi. group, and from 51% to 71% in the Ropi. + PCA group.      

布托啡诺复合罗哌卡因用于术后硬膜外病人自控镇痛

罗哌卡因属含单一异构体S罗-哌卡因的长效酰胺类局麻药,中枢神经系统及心血管系统毒性小[1~3],小剂量应用具有感觉-运动神经阻滞分离[4]以及高清除率[5]等特点。近年来已被推荐作为硬膜外连续输注术后镇痛的局麻药[6]。阿片类受体激动剂与局部麻醉药联合应用于术后病人自控硬膜     

低剂量吗啡硬膜外单次注射联合布托啡诺鼻喷剂用于腹式子宫切除术后镇痛的有效性和安全性

目的 比较术后单次硬膜外注射吗啡-布托啡诺鼻喷剂联合镇痛与否对腹式子宫切除术后镇痛的有效性与安全性.方法 单盲、完全随机、安慰剂对照研究择期ASA Ⅰ～Ⅱ级行腹式子宫切除术的患者50例,分为A、B两组(n=25):均在L2-3硬膜外麻醉下进行手术,关腹前A组接受单次硬膜外注射吗啡0.5 mg(4 ml),鼻喷与B组等剂...     

静脉输注利多卡因对腹部手术患者术后镇痛效果及肠道功能恢复的影响

目的 研究静脉输注利多卡因对开腹手术患者术后镇痛效果及肠功能恢复的影响.方法 选择60名ASA Ⅰ～Ⅲ级择期行腹部手术的患者,应用随机数字表法进行完全随机化分组分为3组,每组20人:L1组、L2组、S组.采用双盲法,诱导时,L1组诱导时静注1.5 mg/kg利多卡因后按2 mg·kg-1·h-1的速度维持至术毕,术后以...     

预注不同剂量布托啡诺对妇科腹腔镜患者术后镇痛效果的比较

目的 比较不同剂量布托啡诺静脉预注用于腹腔镜子宫切除术( laparoscopically hysterectom,LH)对患者术后镇痛作用的影响.方法 48例行全麻下择期LH患者,年龄35岁～60岁,ASA Ⅰ ～Ⅱ级,采用随机数字表法随机分为4组(每组12例),B1组、B2组、B3组分别于切皮前10 min缓注布托...     

Intrathecal + PCA morphine improves analgesia during the first 24 hr after major abdominal surgery compared to PCA alone

PURPOSE: To compare, over a 48-hr follow-up period, the analgesia and side-effects of patient controlled iv analgesia (PCA) with morphine alone vs combined intrathecal and PCA morphine (IT+PCA) in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. METHODS: Sixty adult patients undergoing abdominal surgery for cancer were randomly allocated to receive preoperative IT (0.3 or 0.4 mg) plus postoperative PCA morphine or postoperative PCA morphine alone. Postoperative analgesia was tested at rest and while coughing on a visual analogue pain scale and morphine consumption was recorded. Patients' satisfaction, arterial oxygen saturation, respiratory rate, episodes of nausea, vomiting and pruritus were also noted. RESULTS: Analgesia at rest and while coughing was significantly better in the IT+PCA morphine group (rest: P = 0.01; coughing: P = 0.005) on the first postoperative day only. IT+PCA morphine constantly provided adequate analgesia during this period. Morphine consumption was lower in the IT+PCA morphine group during this period also (IT+PCA: 9 (17) vs PCA: 40 (26); mg of morphine, mean (SD), P = 0.0001). No difference was found in pain relief and morphine consumption between the groups on the second postoperative day. Nausea and vomiting were more frequent with IT+PCA morphine on the first postoperative day. No respiratory depression occurred in either group. Satisfaction was high in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: IT+PCA morphine improves patient comfort constantly during the first postoperative day after major abdominal surgery. However, after the first postoperative day, IT+PCA morphine provides no additional benefit.     

Postoperative pain management: epidural analgesia

BACKGROUND: Epidural analgesia is one of the most effective regimens for postoperative pain relief after abdominal surgery. The use of epidural analgesia in high risk patients has been associated with significant decrease in surgical stress response, in cardiac and pulmonary morbidity, in recovery of gastrointestinal function and in thromboembolic events. The aim of this paper is to describe pain relief, side effects and recovery of gastrointestinal function during epidural analgesia. METHODS: During the period January 1999 to September 2001, 590 patients undergoing elective major abdominal surgery received epidural analgesia. Epidural catheters were inserted at T8-T9 (upper abdominal surgery) or T9-T11 (lower abdominal surgery) and ropivacaine 0.5% ml 7-12 combined with sufentanil 30 microg or with morphine 2 mg was injected. General anesthesia was induced and a continuous epidural infusion of ropivacaine 0.5% 5-10 ml/h was begun. Postoperatively, continuous epidural administration of ropivacaine 0.2% plus sufentanil 0.5 microg/ml or ropivacaine 0.2% plus morphine 0.02 mg/ml was continued. Data on the quality of analgesia, recovery of gastrointestinal function and all side effects were recorded for 4 days. RESULTS: Resting and incident pain scores were <4 and <5; 20% of patients received a rescue dose; the incidence of nausea was 6%, pruritus 5%; all patients also recovered from postoperative ileus. CONCLUSIONS: Continuous epidural analgesia resulted in good pain relief, provided the best balance of analgesia and side effects and improved postoperative outcome.     

Postoperative analgesia by continuous extradural infusion of ropivacaine after upper abdominal surgery

Ropivacaine is a new local anaesthetic with advantages that suggest an important role in the provision of postoperative analgesia. The main aim of this study was to investigate the dose-response relationship of extradural infusion of ropivacaine. We studied 36 ASA I-III patients undergoing upper abdominal surgery during general anaesthesia and extradural block (catheter insertion at T6-9) using 0.5% ropivacaine in a randomized, double-blind study. After surgery nine patients each received an extradural infusion of either ropivacaine 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3% or saline at a rate of 10 ml h-1 for 21 h. All patients had access to i.v. morphine via a PCA device. The ropivacaine groups consumed significantly less morphine over the 21-h infusion period than the saline group (medians: saline 75 mg; 0.1% ropivacaine 32 mg; 0.2% ropivacaine 39 mg; 0.3% ropivacaine 13 mg) (P < 0.05). Pain (VAS scores) at rest was significantly lower in all ropivacaine groups than in the saline group after 4 h of infusion (medians: saline 45 mm; 0.1% ropivacaine 15 mm; 0.2% ropivacaine 12 mm; 0.3% ropivacaine 0 mm). Pain on coughing was significantly less in all ropivacaine groups than in the saline group after 4 h infusion (medians: saline 67 mm; 0.1% ropivacaine 44 mm; 0.2% ropivacaine 33 mm; 0.3% ropivacaine 0 mm) and for 0.2% and 0.3% ropivacaine at later times. Motor block was negligible throughout the infusion. Patient satisfaction was higher in the 0.2% and 0.3% ropivacaine groups than in the two other groups.      

A Placebo-Controlled Comparison of Bupivacaine and Ropivacaine Instillation for Preventing Postoperative Pain After Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

Purpose The aim of this study was to determine the effect of local anesthetic instillation, to compare bupivacaine and ropivacaine in patients undergoing a laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Methods A total of 80 patients were randomly assigned to four groups to receive the intraperitoneal instillation of 21 ml of either 100 mg bupivacaine (Group B), 100 mg ropivacaine (Group R1), 150 mg ropivacaine (Group R2) or saline with epinephrine 1/200 000 at the end of the surgery. The postoperative pain was evaluated and the analgesic requirement was also assessed. Results The intraperitoneal instillation of 100 mg bupivacaine, 100 mg ropivacaine, or 150 mg ropivacaine at the end of a laparoscopic cholecystectomy significantly reduced the morphine consumption during the first 24 h. For preventing postoperative pain 150 mg ropivacaine proved to be significantly more effective than either 100 mg bupivacaine or 100 mg ropivacaine. Conclusion We herein showed that the intraperitoneal instillation of local anesthetic during laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a noninvasive, rapid, safe and simple analgesic technique that reduces the total morphine consumption during first 24 h.     

Addition of femoral 3-in-1 blockade to intra-articular ropivacaine 0.2% does not reduce analgesic requirements following arthroscopic knee surgery

PURPOSE: To test the hypothesis that the addition of a preincisional femoral 3-in-1 block to intra-articular instillation with ropivacaine 0.2% at the end of surgery improves postoperative pain control in patients undergoing arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) under general anesthesia. METHODS: In a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial, we studied 44 patients scheduled for inpatient ACLR. Prior to incision, the treatment group (n = 22) received a femoral 3-in-1 block with 40 ml ropivacaine 0.2%, augmented by infiltrations of the lateral and anteromedial incisions with 20 ml ropivacaine 0.2% at the end of the procedure. The control group (n = 22) received saline 0.9% instead of ropivacaine. All patients received an intra-articular instillation with 30 ml ropivacaine 0.2% at the end of surgery. The primary efficacy variable was 24 hr morphine consumption postoperatively standardized by weight, administered intravenously via a patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) pump. RESULTS: There was no difference between both groups in 24 hr PCA morphine consumption postoperatively (control, 0.45 +/- 0.44 [mean +/- SD] mg x kg(-1); treatment, 0.37 +/- 0.50 mg x kg(-1); p = 0.55). No difference was found in postoperative visual analog scale pain scores, adverse events, or vital signs. In the treatment group, R = 10/22 patients did not require postoperative morphine compared with R = 6/22 in the control group (P = 0.35). CONCLUSION: We found no effect of a femoral 3-in-1 block with ropivacaine 0.2% on postoperative analgesic consumption, compared to intra-articular instillation with ropivacaine 0.2% alone, in patients undergoing ACLR under general anesthesia.