枢椎椎板螺钉固定的解剖可行性研究

目的:评价对国人进行枢椎椎板螺钉固定的可行性,探讨进钉技术。方法:用电子游标卡尺和量角器在30例干燥枢椎标本上测量与进钉技术相关的解剖学数据,包括枢椎椎板的厚度,棘突根部、椎板和下关节突的高度。设定枢椎椎板螺钉的进钉点位于枢椎棘突中线两侧5mm,上位螺钉距椎板上缘5mm,对侧的下位螺钉距椎板上缘9mm,螺钉在棘突根部上下交叉进入对侧椎板,并于下关节突中心点出钉,测量上位和下位椎板螺钉的钉道长度和进钉角度。结果:枢椎椎板上缘、中部、下缘的厚度分别是3.02mm、5.91mm和5.59mm;枢椎棘突根部、椎板和下关节突中部的高度分别是12.40mm、12.95mm、14.03mm;上位和下位椎板螺钉的平均长度分别是25.41mm和27.39mm;上位螺钉前斜26.4°,下斜7.6°;下位螺钉前斜30.1°,上斜1.4°。结论:对国人进行枢椎椎板螺钉固定在解剖学上是可行的,该方法可作为传统枢椎后路螺钉固定技术的补充。     

椎弓根拉力螺钉内固定治疗Hangman骨折

探讨应用椎弓根拉力螺钉技术治疗Hangman骨折的临床疗效.方法 对12例Hangman骨折患者经颅骨牵引获得复位后,行C2椎弓根拉力螺钉内固定术治疗.术后行X线片检查观察骨折复位及愈合情况.结果 手术时间50～90min,失血量100～300ml.术中无脊髓神经损伤,骨折复位满意.12例均获随访,时间3~36个月.骨折完全愈合,无迟发畸形.2例脊髓神经损伤者术前Franke1分级为D级,术后3~6个月均恢复至E级.结论 C2椎弓根拉力螺钉技术治疗Hangman骨折,复位满意,固定可靠,疗效满意.     

Femoral neck fracture fixation. Comparison of a sliding screw with lag screws

The rigidity of a sliding compression screw and three cannulated lag screws in the treatment of subcapital fractures was compared in five pairs of female cadaver femora. There were no significant differences between the compressive strength, bone density, cortical thickness or Singh index of the bones in each pair. A subcapital fracture was standardised using a perpendicular saw cut across the femoral neck. A uniaxial 'load test system' with force and length measurement facilities was used to mimic cyclical stressing applied in vivo at a frequency of 0.5 Hz from 0 to 3 times body-weight. There was no significant difference between the fixation afforded by the sliding compression screw and three lag screws. Bone quality was the single most important factor in the stability of the bone implant unit.     

枢椎后路侧块螺钉固定的解剖研究

目的:通过解剖测量验证枢椎后路侧块螺钉固定技术的可行性。方法:用电子游标卡尺和量角器,对50例干燥枢椎标本测量与进钉技术相关的解剖学数据,包括枢椎椎弓根的宽度和高度以及枢椎侧块螺钉的钉道长度和螺钉的内斜角度与上斜角度。结果:枢椎椎弓根的上缘宽度平均7.56mm,全部大于5.0mm;中部平均宽度5.70mm,22%小于5.0mm,7%小于3.5mm;下缘平均宽度3.95mm,75%小于5.0mm,40%小于3.5mm。枢椎椎弓根外缘高度5.62mm,40%小于5.0mm,5%小于3.5mm;内缘高度8.80mm,均大于5.0mm。枢椎侧块螺钉的钉道平均长度为18.33mm,最短15.32mm,最长20.87mm。枢椎侧块螺钉的平均内斜角度为5.35°,上斜角度为58.62°。结论:进行枢椎后路侧块螺钉固定是可行的,适用于93%的患者,比枢椎后路椎弓根螺钉固定具有更大的适用范围。     

Proximal screw failure with reconstruction nail fixation of a subtrochanteric fracture

. The Russell-Taylor intra-medullary nail provides a stable construct for the management of subtrochanteric femoral fractures. Implant failure with this system typically involves the distal locking screws. Proximal screw cut-out and back-out have been reported [2]. Breakage of both proximal locking screws has not previously been described. We present a case of failure of both proximal locking screws in a Russell-Taylor delta reconstruction nail implant. Résumé. L'enclouage centro-médullaire selon Russel-Taylor procure un montage stable pour le traitement des fractures sous-trochantériennes du femur. L'échec du montage est classiquement lié à un éventuel problème du verrouillage distal. Des fractures et des expulsions de la vis de verrouillage proximal ont également été décrites. Une fracture simultanée des deux vis de verrouillage proximales n'a par contre pas été décrite jusqu'à ce jour. Nous rapportons un cas.     

Anatomic study of the axis for surgical planning of transarticular screw fixation

Transarticular screw fixation has shown increased stability compared with other posterior stabilization techniques. However, there have been few reports on vertebral artery injury related to the screw insertion. The current study measured the parameters of the pedicle and vertebral artery groove of the axis and clarified the accuracy and safety of the transarticular screw fixation. Direct measurements were taken from 98 dry axis vertebrae. The width and height of the pedicle were measured. The mediolateral and anteroposterior dimensions of the vertebral artery groove also were measured. Forty-one percent had asymmetry. In 20% of the specimens, the pedicle was smaller than the diameter of the screw (3.5 mm). The pedicle of the axis has large anatomic variability and asymmetry. Some pedicles were not suitable for atlantoaxial transarticular screw fixation. The risks associated with screw fixation should be prevented by preoperative computed tomography with three-dimensional reconstruction. Screw trajectory reconstruction with coronal and sagittal reconstruction is useful to evaluate the pedicle width and height.     

Avulsion fracture of the posterosuperior tuberosity of the calcaneus managed with lag screw fixation

Background

To review the efficacy of lag screw fixation in management of avulsion fracture of the posterosuperior tuberosity of the calcaneus.

采用椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗寰枢椎骨折脱位

[目的]探讨寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉技术治疗创伤性寰枢椎不稳的临床效果。[方法]2009年9月~2017年3月,对6例创伤性寰枢椎不稳患者采用颈椎后路寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉固定技术治疗。术前均常规行颅骨牵引,椎弓根进钉点位于寰椎椎弓两侧距后结节20 mm、后弓下缘2 mm,内倾5°~10°、头倾10°~15°,置入直径3.5 mm、长22~26 mm螺钉。枢椎螺钉的进钉点位于侧块内上象限,内倾约25°,头倾约25°置入直径3.5 mm、长24~28 mm螺钉。[结果]术中无血管及神经损伤。术后随访6~36个月,患者临床症状得到明显改善。术后检查显示螺钉位置良好,无内置物松动、断裂。术后12个月JOA评分为11.00~17.00分。[结论]寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉固定治疗创伤性寰枢椎不稳疗效满意。     

颈椎后路寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉固定治疗齿突骨折合并寰枢关节脱位

目的 探讨颈椎后路寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉固定技术在治疗齿突骨折合并寰枢关节脱位中的临床疗效.方法 2006年12月～2009年3月,对9例齿突骨折合并寰枢关节脱位患者采用颈椎后路寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉固定技术治疗.其中男7例,女2例;年龄为19～56岁,平均39岁;新鲜齿突骨折并寰枢椎脱位7例,陈旧性骨折脱位2例.齿突骨折按照A...     

Review of methods to quantify lag screw placement in hip fracture fixation

This review considers methods used to quantify lag screw placement within the femoral head following proximal femoral fracture. Implants used for fixation of femoral neck fractures can lead to unwanted outcomes in some patients. Cutting out of the screw within the femoral head has been shown to be the commonest cause of failure and is related to lag screw placement within the femur. Until now, there have been two methods published which quantify lag screw position within the femoral head. These are the concepts of 'Tip Apex Distance' and Parker's ratio method of lag screw placement. We shall discuss each one in turn and their implications in terms of fracture fixation failure.     

CT引导下置入螺钉治疗骶髂关节脱位

目的:探讨CT引导下置入螺钉治疗骶髂关节脱位的方法。方法:选择旋转垂直不稳定的典型C型(Tile分型)骨盆骨折12例,行CT扫描定位第一骶椎,后在CT引导下置入导针,根据CT测量和导针置入长度选择适合长度的半螺纹松质骨螺钉拧入,在CT扫描下可见患侧骶髂关节逐步合拢,最后复位。结果:12例骶髂关节均复位,10例获得随访,时间8~15个月,按疗效评定标准,优7例,良2例,可1例。患者功能恢复良好。结论:该方法为采取微创技术进行骨折治疗提供了新思路,手术操作简单、出血少、损伤少、固定牢靠。     

Computed tomography-guided screw fixation of a sacroiliac joint dislocation fracture: a case report

A 19-year-old woman sustained a vertical shear type pelvic fracture. Sacroiliac fixation using computed tomography (CT)-guided cannulated screws was performed for a left sacroiliac dislocation fracture, and a satisfactory result was obtained over time. Patients who have posterior instability of the lateral compression or vertical shear type do not obtain adequate stability by fixation of the anterior part alone; and they often have persistent residual pain, necessitating internal fixation of the posterior part later. Advantages of CT-guided sacroiliac screw fixation include precise evaluation of the degree of reduction and absence of nerve and vascular damage during the time the screw is inserted into the sacral body. This procedure is a useful, safe method owing to its minimal invasiveness in patients with unstable pelvic fractures that are reducible by manual manipulation or traction.     

经皮空心骶髂螺钉LX内固定技术的临床应用

目的：探讨经皮空心骶髂拉力螺钉LX内固定技术的临床应用。方法：采用体表定位结合螺旋CT和C形臂引导，经皮空心骶髂拉力螺钉LX内固定技术治疗31例无重要神经血管损伤的B型骨盆创伤及5例骶髂关节炎．2例骶骨囊性病变。男27例，女11例；年龄18-59岁，平均35．6岁。31例骨盆骨折按AO分类：B1型11例、B2型15例、B3型5例。术前摄骨盆CR片及骨盆前后环螺旋CT扫描，进行容积重建及横断面、冠状面、矢状面重建和骶骨曲面重建检查，其中隐匿性后环损伤28例。应用该技术结合经皮植骨骶髂关节融合术治疗5例骶髂关节炎，2例骶骨囊性病变。结果：术中失血25-70ml，平均36ml。38例均获得随访，时间3～39个月，平均15．6月。无感染、骨折不愈合、医源性神经血管损伤及内植物断裂、滑脱等并发症。依据骨盆创伤疗效标准，术后影像学评价优34例，良4例；临床评价优32例，良6例。结论：对于骶髂关节痛损，经皮空心骶髂拉力螺钉LX内固定技术安全可靠、手术创伤小、并发症少、生物力学稳定性好、康复快。     

拉力螺钉治疗髋臼骨折的效果分析

[目的]通过综合分析已发表文献,探讨拉力螺钉治疗髋臼骨折的效果。[方法]通过系统检索从1950年1月～2012年10月使用拉力螺钉治疗髋臼骨折的相关文献,按照排除标准筛选后,提取需要的数据,通过循证医学方法加权汇总分析。[结果]共检出524篇相关文献,经逐步筛选后有9篇被纳入分析,共有240名患者241髋,平均加权年龄为48.7岁,平均加权随访时间为34.1个月,加权后平均手术时间、平均失血量、术后优良率、手术相关并发症等指标令人满意。[结论]螺钉固定治疗髋臼骨折效果良好,值得推广应用。     

颈椎椎弓根钉内固定治疗颈椎骨折脱位

[目的]探讨颈椎椎弓根钉内固定治疗颈椎骨折脱位的临床效果及影响因素。[方法]采用Axis系统经椎弓根内固定治疗颈椎骨折脱位41例。所有病例术前均行X线、CT及MRI检查并根据测量结果对每一椎弓根钉实施个体化置入。[结果]41例全部获得6～12个月随访，切口均Ⅰ期愈合，无1例近期死亡。共置入螺钉218枚，有196枚（90％）位置正确，22枚存在不同程度偏差，其中1l枚造成神经根损伤，1枚疑有血管损伤。有38例获得满意复位并骨性愈合，有3例因系陈旧骨折脱位术中未完全复位，术后出现神经根刺激症状，其中1例术后因退钉而改行前路手术。在25例脊髓及神经根损伤病例中，有6例系脊髓完全损伤，术后均无恢复；其余19例为脊髓和神经根不全损伤，术后神经功能均获明显改善甚至恢复正常。[结论]颈椎椎弓根钉内固定是治疗颈椎骨折脱位的安全有效方法之一。合理选择手术适应证，熟悉颈椎解剖结构。术中规范操作以及置钉个体化等是手术成功的关键。     

Nontraumatic dislocation of the hip following screw/plate fixation for a femoral neck fracture

An unusual case of nontraumatic hip dislocation following screw/plate fixation of a basicervical fracture of the neck of the femur, which is unassociated with sepsis, is reported.     

颈椎椎弓根钉内固定治疗颈椎骨折脱位21例体会

目的 探讨应用颈椎椎弓根螺钉固定治疗颈椎骨折,评价其疗效及安全性.方法 采用经椎弓根内固定技术治疗颈椎骨折脱位患者21例,术前通过影像学对椎弓根形态进行评估,术中结合C臂机定位实施椎弓根钉的植入.结果 所有病例均获得8～26个月随访,平均12个月,术后X线及CT检查示螺钉位置正常,骨性愈合良好;18例脊髓和神经根不全损伤患者术后神经功能明显改善,按ASIA损伤分级平均提高1～3级.2例脊髓完全损伤患者术后功能无明显改善.结论 重视术前颈椎椎弓根形态学评估,术中结合C臂机定位,植钉个体化,可以获得满意的临床疗效和安全性.     

改良Galveston技术与拉力螺钉固定单侧骶髂关节脱位的有限元分析

目的 通过对改良Galveston技术与拉力螺钉同定单侧骶髂关节脱位的三维有限元模型进行分析,比较其生物力学稳定性.方法基于CT扫描数据,利用Mimics10.01软件和Geomagic10.0软件埘骨盆模型进行几何重建;利用Solidworks2007软件对内固定器械进行几何重建.导人Hypermesh 10.0软件中进行刚格划分和装配,赋予材料属性.建立右侧骶髂关节脱位双侧L4-髂骨Galveston固定、双侧L5-髂骨Galveston固定、单侧L4-髂骨Galveston同定、单侧L5-髂骨Galveston固定和拉力螺钉固定5种有限元模型.最后导入Ansys10.0软件中,在L4椎体上方模拟施加500 N轴向压缩载荷,分析不同内固定方式的von Mises应力分布和应变分布.结果从应力和应变云图可知,双侧L4-髂骨Galveston固定、舣侧L5-髂骨Galveston固定、单侧L4-髂骨Galveston固定、单侧L5-髂骨Galveston固定及拉力螺钉固定后骨盆的最大应力值分别为1.690×109 Pa、1.310×109 Pa、0.834×109 Pa、0.836×109 Pa、1.584×109 Pa;骶骨相对于左侧髋骨的移位方向为向下、向前和向右,总位移依次为1.589×10-3m、1.871×10～m、2.404×10-3 m、2.468×10-3m、0.308×10-3m.结论各种内固定下 Von Mises应力集中分布于腰髂螺钉与骨质的结合部位.改良Galveston技术双侧固定较单侧固定应变小,无论是双侧固定还是单侧固定,固定于L4和L5的应变无明显差异,但均明显大于拉力螺钉吲定.

Abstract：

Objective To explore biomechanical properties of modified Galveston technique and lag screw fixation for dislocation of the unilateral sacroiliac ioint through finite element analysis. Methods Soft-ware Mimics 10.0l and Geomagic 10.0 was used to develop a geometric reconstruction of the pelvis based on the CT scan data.Geometric reconstructions of different internal fixations were also developed using software Solidworks 2007.The models were meshed,assembled and given the material properties through software Hypermesh 10.0.Five models of three-dimensional finite element(3D FE)were established for dislocation of the sacroiliac ioint:double L4-ilium Galveston fixation,double L5-ilium Galveston fixation,single L4-ilium Galveston fixation.single L5-ilium Galveston fixation,and lag screw fixation,Finally the models were imported to software Ansys 10.0.An axial load of 500 N was compressed above the L4 vertebral body.Stress-strain nephograms for the 5 different fixations were compared.and biomechanical stabilities of different internal fixations were analyzed. Results The stress-strain nephograms showed the maximum pelvic stresses in the 5 fixations were respectively 1.690×109Pa(double L4-1 Galveston),1.130×109Pa(double 1.584×109Pa(1ag screw fixation).Displacements of the sacrum were downward,forward,and rightward.The total displacements were respectively 1.589×10-3m,1.871×10-3m,2.404×10～m,2.468×10-3m and 0.308 ×103 m. Conclusions The maximum displacement in bilateral fixation is smaller than that in unilateral fixation with modified Galveston technique.In both bilateral and unilateral Galveston fixations for L4and L5,the maximum displacements are not significantly different,but they are larger than that in lag screw fixation.     

改良Galveston技术与拉力螺钉固定单侧骶髂关节脱位的有限元分析

Objective To explore biomechanical properties of modified Galveston technique and lag screw fixation for dislocation of the unilateral sacroiliac ioint through finite element analysis. Methods Soft-ware Mimics 10.0l and Geomagic 10.0 was used to develop a geometric reconstruction of the pelvis based on the CT scan data.Geometric reconstructions of different internal fixations were also developed using software Solidworks 2007.The models were meshed,assembled and given the material properties through software Hypermesh 10.0.Five models of three-dimensional finite element(3D FE)were established for dislocation of the sacroiliac ioint:double L4-ilium Galveston fixation,double L5-ilium Galveston fixation,single L4-ilium Galveston fixation.single L5-ilium Galveston fixation,and lag screw fixation,Finally the models were imported to software Ansys 10.0.An axial load of 500 N was compressed above the L4 vertebral body.Stress-strain nephograms for the 5 different fixations were compared.and biomechanical stabilities of different internal fixations were analyzed. Results The stress-strain nephograms showed the maximum pelvic stresses in the 5 fixations were respectively 1.690×109Pa(double L4-1 Galveston),1.130×109Pa(double 1.584×109Pa(1ag screw fixation).Displacements of the sacrum were downward,forward,and rightward.The total displacements were respectively 1.589×10-3m,1.871×10-3m,2.404×10～m,2.468×10-3m and 0.308 ×103 m. Conclusions The maximum displacement in bilateral fixation is smaller than that in unilateral fixation with modified Galveston technique.In both bilateral and unilateral Galveston fixations for L4and L5,the maximum displacements are not significantly different,but they are larger than that in lag screw fixation.