不同胆汁制胆南星中胆酸类成分及其解热作用比较

目的比较猪、牛、羊胆汁制胆南星中胆酸类成分及其对发热小鼠体温的影响,为规范胆南星发酵工艺提供依据。方法分别采用猪、牛、羊胆汁与天南星生品发酵制备胆南星。采用HPLC-CAD法检测3种胆南星中胆酸类成分胆酸、去氧胆酸、猪去氧胆酸、鹅去氧胆酸。以干酵母制备小鼠发热模型,观察猪、牛、羊胆汁制胆南星对发热小鼠体温的影响。结果不同胆汁制胆南星中胆酸类成分存在差异,牛胆汁制胆南星中胆酸类成分质量分数最高,胆酸、猪去氧胆酸、鹅去氧胆酸、去氧胆酸的质量分数分别为0.035 9%、0.843 4%、2.260 2%、0.037 2%。猪胆汁制胆南星中鹅去氧胆酸和去氧胆酸升高,胆酸和猪去氧胆酸降低;羊胆汁制胆南星中胆酸类成分除去氧胆酸外均降低。不同胆汁制胆南星对发热小鼠均有一定的清热作用,猪胆汁制胆南星组小鼠体温先升高后降低,且与模型组比较差异有显著性,牛胆汁制胆南星亦表现出清热作用,但与模型组比较无显著性差异。羊胆汁制胆南星清热作用较弱。结论综合比较猪、牛、羊胆汁制胆南星中胆酸类成分质量分数和清热作用,作为制备胆南星的辅料,牛胆汁、猪胆汁优于羊胆汁。     

RP-HPLC法同时测定猪胆粉药材中3种牛磺结合型胆酸的含量

目的:建立同时测定猪胆粉药材中牛磺猪胆酸、牛磺猪去氧胆酸和牛磺鹅去氧胆酸含量的RP-HPLC方法。方法:采用Welchrom C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相为甲醇-磷酸二氢钠溶液(0.03 mol·L-1)(70∶30),用磷酸调节pH为4.4,流速为1.0 mL·min-1,检测波长200 nm,柱温25℃。结果:牛磺猪胆酸、牛磺猪去氧胆酸和牛磺鹅去氧胆酸进样量分别在1.65～16.5μg(r=0.9998),2.03～20.3μg(r=0.9998),1.09～10.9μg(r=0.9996)范围内线性关系良好;检测限分别为26.4,7.6,38.2 ng;平均加样回收率(n=9)分别为101.2%(RSD=1.9%),99.1%(RSD=1.7%),100.6%(RSD=2.1%)。结论:该方法简便、准确,重复性好,在同一色谱条件下实现多指标成分的同时测定,为猪胆粉的全面质量评价提供参考。     

猪去氧胆酸合成熊去氧胆酸的研究进展

临床上用于治疗肝胆疾病的熊去氧胆酸最初是从熊的胆汁中提取得到,受熊胆汁来源的限制目前主要是以胆酸为原料合成而得。之后随着鹅去氧胆酸提取工艺和鹅去氧胆酸合成熊去氧胆酸工艺的成熟,鹅去氧胆酸逐渐代替胆酸成为生产熊去氧胆酸的主要原料。由于猪去氧胆酸来源丰富、价格低廉,近几年由猪去氧胆酸合成熊去氧胆酸的研究成为甾类药物合成研究的热点之一。本文对这一领域的研究进展进行综述,以期为相关研究提供有价值的参考。     

HPLC法测定胆酸和猪去氧胆酸的含量

目的:建立胆酸和猪去氧胆酸的含量测定方法.方法:采用HPLC-UV法,色谱柱为Diamonsil-C18(4.6 mm×150mm,5 μm),流动相为乙腈-水-磷酸(35:65:0.1),检测波长为192 nm,柱温25℃,流速1.5 mL·min-1.结果:胆酸、猪去氧胆酸分别在3.154～31.540μg和1.927～19.266μg线性关系良好,相关系数分别为r＝0.999 5和r＝0.999 2,平均加样回收率分别为98.98%(RSD为0.42%)和98.29%(RSD为0.61%).结论:方法准确可靠、重复性好,可用于胆酸和猪去氧胆酸的质量控制.     

HPLC-ELSD法测定清开灵注射液中胆酸和猪去氧胆酸的含量

目的：采用高效液相色谱蒸发光散射检测器测定清开灵注射液中胆酸和猪去氧胆酸的含量。方法：采用CLC-ODS柱，以甲醇-水-冰醋酸（80：20：0．01）为流动相，蒸发光散射检测器。结果：胆酸及猪去氧胆酸分勇1在1.604～8.020μg、1.068～5．340μg线性关系良好；胆酸及猪去氧胆酸的平均回收率分别为97．4％、99．2％。结论：该方法简便、准确、分离效果好；本方法可用于清开灵注射液的质量评价。     

RP-HPLC法测定熊去氧胆酸胶囊中熊去氧胆酸及有关物质的含量

目的建立反相高效液相色谱法(RP-HPLC)测定熊去氧胆酸胶囊中熊去氧胆酸、胆酸、鹅去氧胆酸及胆石酸的含量。方法使用Diamonsil C18色谱柱(200 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相为乙腈-0.03 mol·L-1磷酸溶液(体积比为40∶60),流速为1.4 mL·min-1,检测波长为205 nm,柱温为35℃。结果熊去氧胆酸胶囊中熊去氧胆酸、胆酸、鹅去氧胆酸及胆石酸在25 min内洗脱并基线分离。熊去氧胆酸、胆酸、鹅去氧胆酸及胆石酸的线性范围分别为0.80²00.00、0.45200.00、0.45¹10.00、0.30110.00、0.30⁷0.00和0.3070.00和0.30⁸0.00 mg·L-1,平均回收率分别为99.7%、99.3%、98.7%和99.1%,RSD分别为1.30%、1.47%、1.87%和1.95%(n=3)。结论 RP-HPLC可用于同时测定熊去氧胆酸胶囊中熊去氧胆酸、胆酸、鹅去氧胆酸及胆石酸的含量,可应用于熊去氧胆酸胶囊胶囊制剂的质量控制。     

HPLC-ELSD法同时测定生物转化样品中牛磺熊去氧胆酸等5种成分的含量

目的:建立同时测定生物转化样品中牛磺熊去氧胆酸、牛磺鹅去氧胆酸、熊去氧胆酸、鹅去氧胆酸、牛磺7-酮石胆酸5种成分含量的方法。方法:采用高效液相色谱法,检测器为蒸发光散射检测器。色谱柱为Agilent XBD-C18,流动相为0.05%三氟乙酸-乙腈,梯度洗脱,流速为1.0 ml/min;漂移管温度为80℃,N2流量为3.0 ml/min,柱温为40℃。结果:牛磺熊去氧胆酸、牛磺鹅去氧胆酸、熊去氧胆酸、鹅去氧胆酸、牛磺7-酮石胆酸检测质量浓度线性范围分别为10.00²00.08、10.22200.08、10.22²04.32、10.00204.32、10.00¹99.92、9.85199.92、9.85¹97.08、10.25197.08、10.25²04.92μg/ml(r=0.999 5204.92μg/ml(r=0.999 5⁰.999 8);精密度、稳定性、重复性试验的RSD均不大于2.0%。5种成分的平均回收率分别为97.9%、98.4%、97.9%、98.1%、98.3%,RSD分别为0.49%、0.63%、0.81%、0.72%、0.78%(n=3)。结论:该方法快速、准确、重复性好,可用于生物转化样品中牛磺熊去氧胆酸等5种成分的定量测定。     

胆酸止咳片中猪去氧胆酸和鹅去氧胆酸的含量测定

目的 建立高效液相色谱-蒸发光散射检测器(HPLC-ELSD)法测定胆酸止咳片中猪去氧胆酸和鹅去氧胆酸的含量.方法 采用Agilent SB C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm),柱温30 ℃,流动相为甲醇-乙腈-0.1%甲酸溶液(62: 14: 24),流速0.8 mL.min-1,检测器为ELSD,漂移管温度为85 ℃,氮气流速为2.3 L.min-1.结果 猪去氧胆酸含量在0.427 0～6.405 0 mg范围内有良好线性关系,平均加样回收率为99.7%,RSD＝1.9%(n＝9);鹅去氧胆酸含量在0.218 6～3.279 0 mg范围内有良好线性关系,平均回收率为97.5%,RSD＝1.2%(n＝9).结论 该方法 简便,结果 准确,重复性好,可用于胆酸止咳片的质量控制.     

猪去氧胆酸的纯化工艺

目的研究猪去氧胆酸中的杂质成分和纯化方法。方法运用重结晶和柱层析法进行分离和纯化。结果与结论从猪去氧胆酸中分离出一种主要杂质,建立了纯化猪去氧胆酸的方法。     

高效液相色谱法同时测定猪胆粉中4种结合型胆酸含量及其特征图谱研究

目的建立HPLC法同时测定猪胆粉中4种结合型胆酸含量的方法并研究其特征图谱。方法采用Thermo Ultimate 3000高效液相色谱仪,Ultimate 3000可变波长检测器,Acclaim 120 C18色谱柱(4.6mm×250 mm,5μm);流速1.0 mL·min~(-1);检测波长200 nm;柱温25℃;进样量10μL。流动相为乙腈-0.03 mol·L-1磷酸二氢钠(磷酸调pH=4.4),梯度洗脱。结果牛磺猪去氧胆酸、甘氨猪去氧胆酸、牛磺鹅去氧胆酸和甘氨鹅去氧胆酸钠盐在0.01～0.5 mg·mL~(-1)内与峰面积线性关系良好,方法回收率在95%～105%。使用该方法分析12批样品,确定了7个共有峰,从而建立了猪胆粉中结合型胆酸的HPLC特征图谱。结论该方法简便合理,可作为猪胆粉的质量评价的依据之一。     

薄层色谱扫描法测定蛇胆川贝液中牛磺胆酸含量

目的建立以薄层扫描法测定蛇胆川贝液中牛磺胆酸含量的方法。方法固定相为硅胶G加0，5％羧甲基纤维素钠（1：2，5）所制备的薄层板，显色剂为10％磷钼酸乙醇溶液，展开剂为氯仿-异丙醇-冰醋酸-水（25：30：4：1），检测波长为623nm。扫描方式为单波长反射法锯齿扫描，光源钨灯，线性参数SX=3，振幅为10，背景校正。结果牛磺胆酸的平均回收率为100．36％，RSD为1，89％，线性范围是0.25-2．5mg／mL（r=0．9919）。结论薄层扫描法测定蛇胆川贝液中牛磺胆的含量，准确度高，重现性好，适合工业生产中的快速检验。     

从牛胆汁中提取牛磺胆酸的工艺研究

目的：建立从牛胆囊胆汁中分离提纯天然牛磺胆酸的工艺。方法：采用盐析、萃取、脱水等生物化学方法和吸附柱层析法及薄层层析色谱法从牛胆汁中分离纯化牛磺胆酸。结果：所得产品经薄层层析法、红外光谱扫描法证实为牛磺胆酸。经薄层扫描法测定含量,牛磺胆酸平均纯度达97.5%;提取方法回收率为61%。结论：建立了从牛胆汁中提取牛磺胆酸的工艺,为进一步开发动物胆汁及利用牛磺胆酸奠定了基础。     

经熊去氧胆酸治疗妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症孕妇血清胆汁酸谱分析

目的:探讨熊去氧胆酸(UDCA)对妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症(ICP)孕妇血清胆汁酸谱的影响。方法:采用高效液相色谱串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)法检测ICP患者(孕期26-32周)接受UDCA治疗前及治疗后4周血清中7种胆汁酸的变化。结果:UDCA治疗ICP患者后与治疗前比较,血清肝功能指标丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬酸氨基转移酶(AST)、总胆红素(TBIL)、直接胆红素(DBIL)显著下降(P<0.05);ICP患者治疗前血清胆汁酸谱中,胆酸(CA)、甘氨胆酸(GCA)、牛磺胆酸(TCA)、牛磺石胆酸(TLCA)和石胆酸(LCA)水平均显著高于正常对照组(P<0.05);ICP患者治疗后与治疗前血清胆汁酸谱比较,UDCA显著升高,CA、GCA、TLCA和TCA显著下降,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论:UDCA能显著地降低ICP患者的高胆汁酸水平,其中CA、GCA、TCA、TLCA水平下降最为明显。     

Use of the Intestinal Bile Acid Transporter for the Uptake of Cholic Acid Conjugates with HIV-1 Protease Inhibitory Activity

Purpose. To investigate the ability of the human intestinal bile acid transporter to transport cholic acid conjugates with potential HIV-1 protease inhibitory activity. Methods. Cholic acid was conjugated at the 24 position of the sterol nucleus with various amino acids and amino acid analogs. The CaCo-2 cell line was used as a model to investigate the interaction of these bile acid conjugates with the human intestinal bile acid transporter. Interaction between the carrier and the conjugates was quantified by inhibition of taurocholic acid transport and confirmed by transport of radiolabelled conjugates in this cell line. Results. The highest interaction with the transporter, as quantified by inhibition of taurocholic acid transport, occurred when a single negative charge was present around the 24 to 29 region of the sterol nucleus. A second negative charge or a positive charge significantly reduced the interaction. Transport of radiolabelled cholyl-L-Lys--tBOC ester and cholyl-D-Asp--benzyl ester was inhibited by taurocholic acid. Of all tested compounds, only cholyl-D-Asp--benzyl ester showed modest HIV-1 protease inhibitory activity with an IC₅₀ of 125 M. Conclusions. Cholic acid-amino acid conjugates with appropriate stereochemistry are recognized and transported by the human bile acid transporter and show modest HIV- 1 protease inhibitory activity. Transport of these conjugates by the bile acid carrier is influenced by charge and hydrophobicity around the 24 position of the sterol nucleus.     

The interaction of rifamycin SV with hepatic transport of taurocholic acid in the isolated perfused rat liver

Summary The effect of rifamycin SV on hepatic transport of taurocholic acid was investigated using isolated perfused rat liver technique. In all experiments, the perfused liver was maintained at taurocholic acid steady state by infusing constant amount of taurocholic acid.Infusion of rifamycin SV at various rates decreased biliary secretion of bile acids in a dose-dependent manner. Replacement of rifamycin SV by perfusion medium reversed this effect.To determine the site of action of rifamycin SV, kinetic experiments with ¹⁴C-taurocholic acid were undertaken. Rifamycin SV elevated the half-life of the medium disappearance of ¹⁴C-taurocholic acid. Furthermore, the antibiotic delayed the biliary appearance of ¹⁴C-taurocholic acid.The analysis of the results gave indications that the antibiotic interferred with hepatic uptake as well as biliary secretion of taurocholic acid.Part of this publication was presented in the 18. Frühjahrstagung der Deutschen Pharmakologischen Gesellschaft (1977)     

A comparatmental model for hepatic transport of taurocholic acid in isolated perfused rat liver

Summary In order to characterize the transport of bile acids through the liver and to study the influence of drugs on these processes, a kinetic model for hepatobiliary transport of taurocholic acid (TC) using the isolated perfused liver was developed. After the system was brought to a steady state by infusing TC at a constant rate, a tracer dose of ¹⁴C-TC was injected into the medium. The medium disappearance of ¹⁴C-TC followed a first-order kinetic with a single rate constant.The plot of the biliary secretion rate of radioactivity versus time revealed a curve composed of at least three exponential components. From the described results and the present knowledge of hepatobiliary transport of bile acids we proposed a three compartment model, composed of a perfusion medium compartment and two liver compartments. Parameters calculated from the model constants agreed well with model-independent estimations.The influence of bromosulfophthalein (BSP) on the kinetic parameters was studied to compare the result with the known effect of BSP on hepatic transport of taurocholic acid. BSP decreased the constant describing the fractional transfer of taurocholic acid from medium into the liver, which is in agreement with the inhibition of hepatic uptake of taurocholic acid by BSP. Thus a three compartment model may adequately define the hepatobiliary transport of taurocholic acid in the isolated perfused rat liver.     

蛇胆陈皮制剂中蛇胆汁的质量分析与评价

目的：建立客观评价蛇胆陈皮制剂中蛇胆汁质量的分析方法,对130批蛇胆陈皮制剂中蛇胆汁的质量进行分析与综合评价,为其质量控制提供参考。方法：采用薄层色谱法对蛇胆陈皮制剂中的蛇胆汁进行薄层鉴别;并采用高效液相色谱-蒸发先散射检测（HPLC-ELSD）法对蛇胆陈皮制剂中牛磺胆酸的含量进行测定。结果：建立的薄层鉴别方法专属性较强,蛇胆汁的斑点信息较丰富;采用HPLC-ELSD法测定蛇胆陈皮制剂中牛磺胆酸的含量,精密度、准确性、专属性及方法重复性均良好;含量测定结果显示不同批次蛇胆陈皮制剂中牛磺胆酸的含量差异较大,不同企业的蛇胆陈皮制剂产品质量存在差异。结论：所建立的质量分析方法为蛇胆陈皮制剂中蛇胆汁的质量控制提供了科学依据。     

蛇胆汁中牛磺胆酸含量测定方法的比较研究

目的：比较分析了３种测定蛇胆汁中主要成分牛磺胆酸含量的方法,制定科学合理统一的质量标准。方法：用薄层层析－磷钼酸比色法、薄层扫描法及高效液相色谱法对蛇胆汁中主要成分牛磺胆酸进行测定,并将结果进行比较分析。结果：薄层层析－磷钼酸比色法、薄层扫描法及高效液相色谱法的含量测定结果有一定差异,平均回收率分别为９７．４８％,９８．５１％和１００．３４％,ＲＳＤ分别为４．６％,４．３％和１．５％。结论：高效液     

Hepatic Uptake of Octreotide,a Long-Acting Somatostatin Analogue,via a Bile Acid Transport System

The hepatic transport mechanism of octreotide (Sandostatin^®), a somatostatin analogue, was studied using freshly prepared rat hepatocytes. The initial uptake rate of octreotide represented exclusively a saturable transport process. The half-saturation constant, K_t, and the maximum uptake-rate, J_max, for the uptake of octreotide were 91.1 ± 28.4 µM and 104.6 ± 19.7 pmol/mg protein/min, respectively. An energy requirement was demonstrated for [¹⁴C]octreotide uptake since metabolic inhibitors (DNP, rotenone, antimycin and NaCN) significantly reduced the initial uptake rate. [¹⁴C]octreotide uptake was also significantly inhibited by ouabain. [¹⁴C]octreotide uptake was reduced in the absence of Na⁺ in the uptake medium. [¹⁴C]octreotide uptake was significantly inhibited by bile acids, iodipamide, d-tubocurarine, whereas it was not inhibited by bilirubin, TEMA and insulin. Competitive inhibition of taurocholic acid was observed for octreotide uptake with the inhibition constant, K_i, of 82 ± 17 µM. Moreover, a significant inhibitory effect of octreotide was observed for the Na ⁺ dependent uptake of [¹⁴C]taurocholic acid. These results suggest that octreotide is transported into hepatocytes via a bile acid carrier-mediated system.     

碘苯甲酸涂剂中苯甲酸和水杨酸的含量测定

目的:测定碘苯甲酸涂剂中苯甲酸和水杨酸的含量.方法:应用人工神经网络误差反向传播模型进行含量测定.结果:苯甲酸和水杨酸平均回收率和相对标准偏差分别为100.24%,0.23%;99.62%,0.42%.分析了3批样品,结果满意.结论:该方法简便、快速、准确.