胸腹液铁蛋白及其与血清铁蛋白比值在胸腹液渗、漏性质鉴别中的实验诊断价值

研究铁蛋白 (ferritin ,Ft)检测在胸腹液渗、漏性质鉴别中的实验诊断价值。用常规法和Light标准作出胸腹液的初步渗、漏性质鉴别 ,并测定胸腹液Ft(PFt)及血清Ft(SFt) ,计算其比值 (PFt/SFt) ;根据临床资料将标本按病例分为 4组 ,比较各组Ft含量及PFt/SFt值 ;用常规法和Light标准的鉴别结果比较PFt及PFt/SFt值在胸腹液渗、漏性质鉴别上的敏感性和特异性。结果表明 ,结核性胸膜炎组、非结核性良性胸腹液组与恶性肿瘤组胸腹液中Ft浓度均大于 10 0 μg·L-1,PFt/SFt>0 .5 ;心衰与肝硬化组胸腹液中Ft浓度均小于 10 0 μg·L-1,PFt/SFt<0 .5 ;渗出液Ft明显高于漏出液 (P <0 .0 1) ;血清Ft无明显差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。界定值是 :胸腹液Ft 浓度为 10 0 μg·L-1及PFt/SFt为 0 .5。诊断的敏感性为 94 .2 % ,特异性为 87.0 %。渗出性胸腹液中Ft浓度大于 10 0 μg·L-1,PFt/SFt>0 .5 ,而漏出性胸腹液中Ft浓度小于 10 0 μg·L-1,PFt/SFt<0 .5。胸腹液Ft及其与血清Ft的比值在胸腹液渗、漏性质的鉴别中敏感性高和特异性强 ,具有实验诊断价值。     

液基细胞学结合端粒酶活性检测诊断胸腹水良恶性细胞的应用

目的:探讨液基细胞学结合端粒酶活性检测诊断浆膜腔积液良恶性细胞的应用价值。方法:收集201例(临床病理证实为97例恶性,104例良性)胸腹水标本,每例标本采用液基细胞技术制成薄层细胞片,做HE染色,用于细胞学检查;同时采用PCR-TRAP技术检测端粒酶活性。结果:细胞学检查对恶性胸腹水诊断的敏感度为81.4%(79/97),特异性为90.4%(94/104),端粒酶活性检测方法对恶性胸腹水诊断的敏感度为92.8(90/97),特异性为98.1%(102/104),将两种方法相结合,在恶性腹水中二者同时为阳性为74.2%(72/97),而在良性胸腹水中同时为阳性为0.0%(0/104),将两种方法相结合对恶性胸腹水的诊断敏感性为99.0%(96/97),特异度为100.0%(104/104)。结论:液基细胞学结合端粒酶活性检测分析用于胸腹水良性与恶性细胞的鉴别诊断较细胞学方法敏感,避免漏诊。     

胸腹水组织因子及组织因子途径抑制物的检测及其意义

目的研究三组疾病胸腹水组织因子(Tissue factor,TF)及组织因子途径抑制物(Tissue factor pathway inhibitor,TFPI)的表达及其鉴别诊断意义。方法TF和TFPI采用ELISA法测定抗原表达。结果胸腹水TF水平和TFPI水平,恶性肿瘤组(570.04±627.53)ng/L,(28.60±15.57)μg/L和结核病组(283.82±143.16)ng/L,(31.16±12.26)μg/L明显高于肝硬化组(60.83±66.87)ng/L,(7.84±5.45)μg/L,P<0.01。TF/TFPI比值则为恶性肿瘤组(32.17±44.19)明显高于结核病组(13.55±13.15)和肝硬化组(11.22±9.05,P<0.05)。在恶性肿瘤组中,胸腹水癌细胞阳性组的TF表达(1106.92±1244.28)ng/L高于阴性组(331.08±295.84)ng/L,P<0.05。而阳性组的TFPI水平(27.35±17.75)μg/L与阴性组(30.34±13.20)μg/L无明显差异(P>0.05)。TF/TFPI比值则为阳性组(59.59±65.10)明显高于阴性组(11.54±8.37,P<0.01)。结论检测胸腹水TF和TFPI并分析TF/TFPI比值可以作为临床实验室有鉴别诊断意义的辅助指标,同时还可了解疾病的某些病理机制,尤其是肿瘤的某些生物学行为。     

CYFRA 21-1,HER-2/neu及NSE在胸腔积液鉴别诊断中的价值

目的:探讨肿瘤标志物细胞角蛋白片段抗原21-1(CYFRA 21-1)、人体表皮生长因子受体-2(HER-2/neu)和神经元烯醇化酶(NSE)对良、恶性胸水鉴别诊断的临床应用价值。方法:分别用放射免疫法及ELISA法,定量检测62例恶性及48例良性胸腔积液患者血清和胸腔积液中CYFRA 21-1、HER-2/neu和NSE的含量。通过受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析各指标的临床性能,并确定其截断点(cutoffvalue)。结果:恶性胸水患者血清及胸水中CYFRA 21-1、HER-2/neu和NSE的含量均显著高于良性胸水患者(P0.01)。胸腔积液中CYFRA 21-1、HER-2/neu和NSE的含量明显高于血清(P0.01或0.05)。各指标的截断点分别为:血清NSE为11.40μg/L,胸腔积液NSE为16.47μg/L;血清CYFRA 21-1为4.94μg/L,胸腔积液CYFRA 21-1为7.70μg/L;血清HER-2/neu为2.50μg/L,胸腔积液HER-2/neu为3.50μg/L。单独检测血清和胸腔积液CYFRA 21-1、HER-2/neu和NSE的ROC曲线下面积,分别为0.852、0.932,0.867、0.887和0.773、0.846,两两联合检测可使ROC曲线下面积增大,3项指标联合检测的ROC曲线下面积高达0.999。结论:检测胸水中的CYFRA 21-1、HER-2/neu和NSE,对良、恶性胸水的鉴别诊断具有一定的临床意义。运用ROC曲线分析可确定各项检测指标的截断点,科学地服务于临床。单个指标的检测有一定的局限性,只有综合利用多项检测指标对患者作出诊断,才能提高诊断的准确性。     

肿瘤标志物联合检测对良恶性胸腔积液鉴别诊断的意义

目的探讨癌胚抗原(CEA)、糖类抗原19-9(CA19-9)、CYFRA21-1和铁蛋白(Fer)在鉴别良恶性胸腔积液中的临床意义。方法应用化学发光法对53例恶性胸腔积液和41例良性胸腔积液中的CEA、CA19-9、CYFRA21-1和Fer进行含量检测,并对测定的结果进行比较。结果恶性胸腔积液组的四项指标高于良性组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。四项肿瘤标志物诊断恶性胸腔积液的阳性率分别为:CEA 75.47%,CYFRA21-1 77.35%,CA19-9 66.03%,Fer 52.8%。四项标志物联合检测阳性率可达90.1%。结论四项肿瘤标志物联合检测对良恶性胸腔积液的鉴别诊断有重要意义。     

循证晚期妊娠母儿血清转铁蛋白受体与铁蛋白的相关性

目的 研究晚期妊娠妇女血清及胎儿脐血中铁蛋白、转铁蛋白受体水平的变化并探讨其相关性.方法 根据血红蛋白(Hb)水平的不同各选取30例孕足月妇女定为观察组(100g/L～110g/L)、正常组(≥110g/L).采用双抗体夹心法和透射免疫比浊法分别测定母血和脐血铁蛋白、转铁蛋白受体水平.结果 观察组母血铁蛋白、转铁蛋白受体水平分别为(12.28±1.84)μg/L和(4.18±0.82)mg/L,脐血铁蛋白、转铁蛋白受体水平分别为(163.47±36.27) μg/L和(8.71±1.02)mg/L,与正常组的差异有显著性(P＜0.01);母血中铁蛋白、转铁蛋白受体水平呈负相关(P＜0.01).结论 通过对母血、脐血铁蛋白、转铁蛋白受体的测定可以了解孕妇、胎儿体内的铁营养状态,早期发现铁缺乏;铁蛋白、转铁蛋白受体的负相关调节,使妊娠晚期补充铁剂的治疗更安全.     

循证晚期妊娠母血及脐血铁蛋白水平的相关性

目的　研究晚期妊娠妇女血清及胎儿脐血中铁蛋白水平的变化并探讨其相关性。方法　根据血红蛋白 (Hb)水平的不同各选取 2 5例孕足月妇女定为A组 (10 0 g/L～ 10 5g/L)、B组 (10 5 g/L～ 110 g/L)、C组 (Hb≥ 110g/L)。分别测定母血、脐血铁蛋白水平。结果　C组母血、脐血铁蛋白水平分别为 (19.0 9± 4 .0 8) μg/L和 (199.6 0± 6 1.0 4 ) μg/L ,高于A、B组 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;Hb在 10 0g/L～ 110 g/L范围内母血与脐血的铁蛋白水平呈正相关 (P <0 .0 1)。结论　通过对母血铁蛋白的测定可以了解胎儿体内的贮铁水平 ;将正常孕妇血红蛋白值评判标准以往的 >10 0 g/L提高为 >110g/L ,有利于及时发现和治疗铁缺乏期的孕妇。     

腹膜透析患者透出液透明质酸的变化

目的观察腹膜透析(简称腹透)患者透出液透明质酸(HA)的变化.方法对22例尿毒症腹透患者的透出液采用放射免疫法测定HA水平.结果腹透患者透出液HA较血清HA水平明显增高,分别为(665.79±562.81)μg/L和(336.46±235.32)μg/L(P＜0.05),而层黏连蛋白(LN)和Ⅲ型前胶原(PCⅢ)水平无显著差异;腹透患者透析时间大于3年组较小于3年组的透出液HA水平明显减低,分别为(211.16±73.82)μg/L和(410.10±96.35)μg/L(P＜0.005),而LN和PCⅢ水平无显著差异;腹透患者腹膜炎组透出液HA水平较非腹膜炎组显著增高,分别为(845.12±219.68)μg/L和(303.38±117.27)μg/L(P＜0.005);腹膜炎组透出液LN及PCⅢ也明显增高(P＜0.01).结论测定腹透患者透出液HA水平有助于了解腹膜间皮细胞功能及腹腔状态.     

肿瘤标志物检测在良恶性胸腹水鉴别价值研究

目的 研究肿瘤标志物在良恶性胸腹水的临床鉴别价值.方法 169例恶性胸腹水患者设为恶性腹水组,146例良性胸腹水设为良性组,比较两组胸腹水癌胚抗原(CEA)、甲胎蛋白(AFP)、糖类抗原(CA) 125、CA19-9水平,并对各肿瘤标志物对良恶性胸腹水的诊断进行方法学评价.结果 恶性组的CEA为(139.7-±56.4) ng/mL、AFP为(189.2±45.2) ng/mL、CA125为(314.7±86.2) U/mL、CA19-9为(158.5±24.2) U/mL,浓度均高于良性组,差异有统计学意义(均P＜0.05);ROC曲线分析CEA、AFP、CA125以及CA19-9曲线下面积分别为0.811、0.547、0.715和0.769,其对应的诊断切点分别为5.6 ng/mL、63.7 ng/mL、38.9 U/mL和30.4 U/mL;AFP因ROC曲线下面积过低不适于恶性胸腹水的诊断.三种肿瘤标志物单独检测方法学评价的各项指标均以CEA最好,灵敏度为75.7％,特异度为88.6％,联合检测以CEA、CA125以及CA19-9的联合检测效果较好,灵敏度为80.5％,特异度为94.0％.结论 肿瘤标志物联合检测对胸腹水的性质鉴别方面有重要的临床应用价值.     

联合检测IFN-γ、VEGF-C、CRP及ADA对结核性与恶性胸腔积液鉴别诊断的价值

目的探讨干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF-C)、C-反应蛋白(CRP)及腺苷脱氨酶(ADA)在结核性与恶性胸腔积液鉴别诊断中的应用价值。方法检测122例临床确诊的胸腔积液患者(恶性胸腔积液56例,结核性胸膜炎48例,其他类型18例)胸水和血清中的IFN-γ、VEGF-C、CRP及ADA含量。结果结核组的IFN-γ、CRP浓度及ADA活性明显高于恶性肿瘤组,差异有统计学意义(P0.01),根据受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线结果判断,以100ng/L为临界值,IFN-γ对结核性胸腔积液诊断的灵敏度、特异性分别为83.1%、92.3%;以45U/L为临界值,ADA对结核性胸腔积液诊断的灵敏度、特异性分别为85.6%、96.3%;以110mg/L为临界值,CRP对结核性胸腔积液诊断的灵敏度、特异性分别为79.1%、84.2%;三项指标联合检测,其灵敏度、特异性分别达到87.8%和86.0%。恶性胸腔积液中VEGF-C高于结核性及其他类型胸腔积液(P0.01);VEGF-C/ADA≥8对恶性胸腔积液诊断的灵敏度、特异性分别为86.3%、82.6%;VEGF-C/ADA≤3对结核性胸腔积液诊断的灵敏度、特性度分别为85.1%、87.1%。结论联合检测IFN-γ、VEGF-C、CRP及ADA可以提高结核性胸膜炎诊断的灵敏度及特异性,VEGF-C与ADA浓度比值对胸腔积液的鉴别诊断具有较好的临床价值。     

Schizophrenia in a North Swedish geographical isolate, 1900–1977. Epidemiology, genetics and biochemistry

Over 200 schizophrenic patients belonging to three major and interrelated pedigree complexes have been investigated over the past 30 years in a North Swedish geographically isolated population, presently numbering about 6,000. An intensive investigation of a number of biochemical correlates and genetic markers in a few selected families belonging to one of the major pedigrees has indicated new strategies for the current research program.
Schizophrenia, as defined operationally, is significantly associated with decreased activities of two enzymes (1) blood platelet monoamine oxidase, (2) plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and (3) with the genetic marker Gc² (group specific antigen). Both enzymes are subject to genetic variation. A positive score for linkage between schizophrenia and low plasma DBH activity has been calculated, but, so far, available data are insufficient for discrimination between linkage and partial contribution of genetically controlled low plasma DBH to the pathogenesis of the disease. Alternatively, both mechanisms could be involved.
As a model for continued research, schizophrenia is explained as based on a double dominant-recessive genotype (Aabb), representing a vulnerability which in about 50 % of cases develops into clinical schizophrenia. It is suggested that the dominant mutation (A) operates on or affects MAO activity, and that the recessive genotype (bb) is instrumental in low variates of DBH activity and very likely such variates within the normal range of physiological variation. Moreover, it is suggested that the combined effects of MAO- and DBH-reduced efficiency on the metabolism of e.g. dopamine could be an essential pathogenic mechanism for the schizophrenic illness which is segregating in this population.     

HLA in North Colombia Chimila Amerindians

HLA-A,-B,-C,-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles have been studied in Chimila Amerindians from Sabana de San Angel (North Colombian Coast) by using high resolution molecular typing. A frequent extended haplotype was found:HLA-A*24:02-B*51:10-C*15:02-BRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 (28.7%) which has also been described in Amerinndian Mayos Mexican population (Mexico, California Gulf, Pacific Ocean). Other haplotypes had already been found in Amerindians from Mexico (Pacific and Atlantic Coast), Peru (highlands and Amazon Basin), Bolivia and North USA. A geographic pattern according to HLA allele or haplotype frequencies is lacking in Amerindians, as already known. Also, five new extended haplotypes were found in Chimila Amerindians. Their HLA-A*24:02 high frequencies characteristic is shared with aboriginal populations of Taiwan; also, HLA-C*01:02 high frequencies are found in New Zealand Maoris, New Caledonians and Kimberly Aborigines from Australia. Finally, this study may show a model of evolutionary factors acting and rising one HLA allele frequency (-A*24:02), but not in others that belong to the same or different HLA loci.     

The universal muscular chamber. A basic unit of the genitourinary, cardiovascular, gastro-intestinal, skeletal, cutaneous, respiratory and other systems, endocameral hypertension; and spasm, the key to their idiopathic diseases and arthropathies

Starting with the integument, we see many organs are contractile sacs or multiples thereof, which tubes or bags constitute the major part of the entire body. Recognition of this basic unit and its characteristics sheds new light, individually and collectively, on many disorders previously considered unrelated. Muscular tears and perforations develop in the walls of these chambers, being no way peculiar to those organs, wherein, hydrochloric acid occurs. So, it is not necessary to explain the absence of excessive acid from patients who exhibit holes in the gastric, uterine, aortic, duodenal, rectal, pulmonary, retina, and other walls. Muscle, not acid is the great common factor relating idiopathic disorders in the gastrointestinal tract to each other and to similar diseases in other systems. When the units are linked together, the lesions tend to appear as arthropathies, i.e. at the joints. Rephrasing common-place observations, frees us from conventional, conceptual cul-de-sacs. An observation is only as good as its interpretation, so all possibilities must be considered, otherwise, we will remain blinded by our misconceptions.     

Der Einfluß von Nahrungsmitteln und Rauchen auf die klinisch-chemische Diagnostik von Phäochromozytom,Neuroblastom und Karzinoid-Syndrom

Zusammenfassung Der Einfluß von verschiedenen Nahrungsmitteln auf Methoden zur Bestimmung von Adrenalin (AD), Noradrenalin (NA), Vanillinmandelsäure (VMS), Metanephrinen (MN), Homovanillinsäure (HVS) und 5-Hydroxyindolessigsäure (5-HIE) im 24 h-Harn zur Diagnose des Phäochromozytoms bzw. Karzinoid-Syndroms wurde untersucht. Die in die Untersuchung einbezogenen Nahrungsmittel waren: Tee, Kaffee, Mandeln, Ananas, Käse, Walnüsse, Vanillepudding, Bananen, Tomaten und Milchschokolade. Außerdem wurde der Einfluß des Zigarettenrauchens auf die Bestimmung von AD, NA, VMS und MN untersucht.Walnüsse führten zu einer starken Erhöhung der 5-HIE-Ausscheidung. Bananen erhöhten die Ausscheidung von AD, NA, VMS, MN und 5-HIE. Kaffee und Ananas bewirkten eine geringe Zunahme der MN-Werte. Rauchen von 20–30 Zigaretten/Tag beeinflußte keine der vier Variablen.Wenn die beschriebenen Methoden benutzt werden, sollte lediglich auf den Verzehr von Bananen und Walnüssen vor und während der Harnsammelperioden verzichtet werden, da die oberen Normgrenzen im Harn überschritten werden könnten. Ein Verzicht auf Kaffee und Ananas in normalen Mengen ist nicht erforderlich. Es besteht kein Anlaß, weiterhin die bisherigen umfangreichen Restriktionen der übrigen Nahrungsmittel beizubehalten.     

A comparative study of the effects of dimebon,obsidan, finoptin,and cordaron on the functional state of ischemic focus and size of necrotic zone in experimental myocardial infarction

Dimebon, an antihistamine agent, exerts a moderate antianginal effect, improving the function of ischemic focus in the myocardium and decreasing the necrotic zone in experimental myocardial infarction. Dimebon is less active than obsidan, finoptin (except for the size of the necrotic zone), and cordaron. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 122, No. 12, pp. 642–644, December, 1996     

Effects of sex steroid hormones on lipid peroxidation and glutathione antioxidant system in rat skin

Effects of estradiol and testosterone on the intensity of lipid peroxidation and contents of glutathione redox system components in the dermis and epidermis of rat skin were studied. Only estradiol induced considerable dose-dependent and tissue-specific biphasic antioxidant effects on the skin. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 128, No. 12, pp. 663–666, December, 1999     

Adhesion and growth of CaCo2 cells on surface-modified PEEK substrata

A series of surface-functionalized poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) films has been prepared by selective wet-chemistry; they are hydroxylated polymer (PEEK-OH) obtained by reduction, aminated polymer (PEEK-[]-NH2) prepared by coupling a diisocyanate reagent to PEEKOH (PEEK-[]-NCO) followed by hydrolysis, and carboxylated and aminocarboxylated polymers (PEEK-[]-GABA and PEEK-Lysine) resulting from the coupling of aminoacids to PEEK-[]-NCO. The aminated and carboxylated substrata promoted the adhesion and growth of CaCo2 cells in the presence of serum. Fibronectin (FN), an extra-cellular matrix protein, has been covalently fixed and/or adsorbed on various PEEK substrata, in the presence or not of a polymeric surfactant (Pluronic F68). The performances of the FN-grafted substrata (PEEK-[]-FN(1) and PEEK-[]-FN(2)) were significantly higher than those of reference substrata simply coated with FN (PEEK-OH(+FN)(1) and (2), PEEK-[]-NH2(+FN)(1) and (2)), considering the adhesion and spreading of CaCo2 cells in the absence of serum. Moreover, the stability of the adherent cells on the FN-adsorbed substrata dramatically depended on the experimental conditions applied during the PEEK coating with FN.     

THE ODYSSEY – A JUNGIAN PERSPECTIVE: INDIVIDUATION AND MEETING WITH THE ARCHETYPES OF THE COLLECTIVE UNCONSCIOUS

Homer's epic tale of the 20-year return of Odysseus from the Trojan War is investigated with particular reference to Jung's theory of individuation. Odysseus' meetings with 'the anima' in the form of goddesses, sirens and female monsters and his visit to Hades demonstrate the confrontation and humanization of aspects of the archetypal level of the psyche, central to Jung's theories of psychic growth and development. Jung's important ideas of the psychoid level and the transcendent function are explored and linked both to his investigations into medieval alchemy and with findings from contemporary neuroscience. The importance of Jung's constructive method of the interpretation of dreams and myths is shown to be central.