前路手术治疗中段颈椎单发转移性肿瘤

目的探讨前路手术治疗中段颈椎单发转移性肿瘤的疗效。方法对10例颈椎单发转移性肿瘤的患者采用前路病椎椎体切除减压、钛网加钛板内固定的手术方法治疗,比较术后,术后3月及末次随访时颈部疼痛的VAS评分和神经功能Frankel分级,随访复查影像学颈椎稳定情况和局部复发情况。结果术前和术后3个月颈部疼痛的VAS评分分别为7.5+0.7和1.7+1.4。两者差异有统计学意义,术前Frankel分级为c级4例,d级6例。术后Frankel分级改善1-2级。结论前路椎体切除,钛网加钛板内固定治疗中段颈椎单发转移性肿瘤患者具有疼痛症状改善明显,充分解除脊髓压迫改善神经功能,重建颈椎稳定性的优点,且取得疗效均满意。     

颈椎原发性骨肿瘤的外科分期及其手术治疗

目的探讨颈椎原发性骨肿瘤的临床特点、外科分期、不同手术入路与术式的治疗效果。方法脊柱肿瘤的外科分期为4期。共观察45例病例,Ⅰ期10例,Ⅱ期11例,Ⅲ期9例,Ⅳ期15例。11例行囊内切除,18例包膜切除,15例广泛切除,1例仅单纯行后路固定。结果术后随访6个月～10年,平均3年,1例上颈椎肿瘤术后高位瘫痪,因呼吸衰竭死亡。余44例术后近期疗效均较满意,局部疼痛和神经症状改善或缓解,2例眩晕患者术后症状消失;1例恶性神经鞘瘤和1例软骨肉瘤患者分别于术后13、24个月发生全身多处转移而衰竭死亡;1例骨母细胞瘤、1例软骨肉瘤、1例骨巨细胞瘤术后1年局部复发。结论应根据颈椎肿瘤的部位、外科分期选择相应的手术入路和术式。肿瘤的性质、手术方式及术后综合治疗对患者的预后具有重要影响。     

上颈椎原发肿瘤的治疗———附21例报告

目的:探讨上颈椎原发肿瘤的合理治疗方法.方法:2001年1月至2006年11月共收治上颈椎原发肿瘤患者21例,男12例,女9例,年龄12～64岁,平均37.2岁.其中脊索瘤12例,骨巨细胞瘤7例,软骨肉瘤1例,恶性神经鞘瘤1例.表现为颈部疼痛不适12例,活动受限11例,脊髓损害10例,咽部肿物伴疼痛1例.就诊时肿瘤已突破骨间室者19例,肿瘤累及前中后三柱者14例.3例因无法负担手术费用而仅行保守治疗,18例行手术治疗,1例肿瘤仅累及后柱及附件背侧软组织,选择后方正中入路手术;17例肿瘤累及三柱或侧柱和/或侧块周围软组织,选择前后方联合入路.均为经瘤切除.9例患者在手术期前后行放射治疗(放疗),1例骨巨细胞瘤使用干扰素免疫治疗.随访观察治疗效果.结果:3例行保守治疗患者确诊后平均3个月死亡.手术病例中,术中结扎一侧椎动脉4例,术后无明显症状.1例术后死于围手术期气道阻塞,另17例平稳度过围手术期,其中13例症状(疼痛或脊髓损害)较术前明显缓解;2例术后出现一过性的四肢瘫,术后3个月后渐恢复;另2例脊髓功能无改善.术后1例咽后壁伤口裂开,再次缝合;另1例咽后壁伤口不愈合、内固定外露,无感染,未处理.2例失访,15例随访4～82个月,平均37.2个月.4例无瘤存活;11例复发,其中8例死亡,3例带瘤存活.结论:上颈椎原发肿瘤确诊时往往浸润广泛,需根据肿瘤位置合理选择手术入路,切除不易彻底,术后易复发.     

脊柱转移性肿瘤微创治疗的研究现状

骨转移是一种常见的癌症并发症,其中脊柱是转移性肿瘤最常见的部位.发生脊柱转移的患者大多处于癌症的中晚期,主要临床表现为剧烈疼痛,严重者还会进展为病理性椎体压缩骨折,甚至于肿瘤压迫椎管而导致神经肌肉功能受到影响.脊柱转移性肿瘤患者的治疗多为姑息性治疗,目的是减轻患者疼痛,提高生活质量.随着医疗水平的不断发展,对脊柱转移性...     

经皮椎体成形术治疗颈椎转移性肿瘤的临床观察

目的总结前外侧入路经皮椎体成形术治疗颈椎转移性肿瘤的手术经验,评价疗效。方法对5例患者9个颈椎转移性肿瘤病变椎体行PVP术,其中C22个,C32个,C41个,C51个,C62个,C71个。5例患者全部在X线透视监测下经前外侧入路操作。于手术前后行CT或MRI检查对照,评估临床疗效,总结手术经验。结果 5例患者9个椎体穿刺全部成功,术后复查X线、CT及MRI均显示病灶大部分被骨水泥填充。术后7d内5例患者的疼痛均有不同程度缓解。未发生由于穿刺出血或骨水泥外漏出现临床症状的并发症。结论前外侧入路经皮椎体成形术治疗颈椎转移性瘤效果良好,安全可行。     

颈椎经前侧入路手术临床经验

20世纪 5 0年代Bailey对一名患有退行性疾病的患者实施了第 1例颈椎经前侧入路的融合术 (ACF) ,196 0年他又将ACF作为颈椎创伤的一种治疗方法。196 1年Cloward出版了一本相关内容的著作 ,然而受到了许多评论家的抵制。1970年Orozco采用前侧钢板固定术作为颈椎骨折患者的一种辅助性治疗 ,并专门为此手术设计了一种钢板。 1981年Caspar发明了应用于颈椎经前侧入路手术的第一套设备 ,主要包括用于手术暴露、减压、融合的器械 ,首次实现了平行分离和椎间隙的完全暴露。颈椎前侧钢板 (现在通常带两个或一个皮质螺钉 )仍然是最受欢迎的非限制…     

转移性骨肿瘤的护理体会

自1998年以来我院共收治转移性骨肿瘤病人34例,经综合治疗和积极护理,在延长患者生存时间、提高患者生活质量等方面取得了显著效果.现将转移性骨肿瘤的护理体会总结如下.1 临床资料本组男性19例,女性15例;年龄34～78岁;其中乳腺癌转移4例,肺癌转移11例,胃癌转移9例,前列腺癌转移3例,宫颈癌转移5例,甲状腺癌转移2例.骨肿瘤发于椎体者15例,发于肋骨4例,发于骨盆9例,发于肱骨近端3例,发于股骨3例.     

脊柱转移性肿瘤外科治疗生存质量分析

目的分析脊柱转移性肿瘤经外科治疗后生存质量的变化情况。方法收集我院2011年7月-2013年7月诊治的脊柱转移性肿瘤患者35例作为研究对象,所有患者均经外科治疗,分析患者治疗前后的生存治疗改变情况。结果研究结果显示,本组35例患者中仅有1例发生肺功能衰竭死亡,其余34例患者均未出现严重并发症,通过对患者实施为期3个月的随访发现,患者的疼痛程度、神经功能、食欲、不良情绪、睡眠质量等均得到了明显的改善,且与术前比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论脊柱转移性肿瘤经外科治疗具有良好的临床疗效,能有效促进患者的生存质量改善,值得在临床应用上推广。     

转移性脊柱肿瘤的手术并发症和预防策略

随着肿瘤综合治疗水平的提高,癌症患者的平均预期寿命得到延长,转移性脊柱肿瘤的发病率也越来越高.转移性脊柱肿瘤作为一种全身性疾病,需要多学科的治疗方法.其中,手术治疗是重要组成部分,可以显著缓解疼痛,恢复脊柱稳定性,降低脊髓压迫的可能性,显著改善患者的生活质量.然而,由于这些患者的健康状况较差,手术治疗会增加围手术期并发...     

Arthroscopic Anterior Diskectomy of the Cervical Spine

We describe a minimally invasive arthroscopic technique for anterior diskectomy of the cervical spine. Fingertip pressure is applied between the carotid sheath laterally and the pharynx medially. The trachea and esophagus are displaced to the contralateral side. The disk level, soft-tissue thickness, and midline are verified with image intensification. A spinal needle is inserted through the soft tissue into the disk space at the midline. Contrast is injected to facilitate visualization. While maintaining displacement of the pharynx, a 4-mm vertical incision is made to incorporate the needle and is enlarged bluntly. A guidewire is passed through the needle. A dilator is passed over the guidewire, through the soft tissue, and usually into the disk, stopping posterior to the mid-vertebral body, as verified with lateral imaging. A cannula is placed over the dilator, and the dilator and wire are removed. Occasionally, the cannula is passed over the dilator to the anterior aspect of the disk, and the dilator is replaced with a trephine to penetrate the anterior spinal ligament, osteophytes, and annulus. The cannula seated in the middle of the disk allows diskectomy to commence with small rongeurs through the cannula, followed by a cervical spine arthroscope with a working channel. The arthroscope is removed, and further diskectomy is performed under fluoroscopic guidance with a motorized shaver and radiofrequency probe.     

Diagnosis,Timing and Treatment of Cervical Spine Injuries in Polytraumatized Patients

Abstract Treatment of polytrauma patients has been discussed extensively during the past decades. Management in the prehospital phase, on admission, and in the early postoperative/ICU-period has to refer to injury severity, priority of injuries, and likelihood of development of multi organ failure. Cervical spine injuries are reported in 4–34% of polytrauma cases. Securing the cervical spine by a hard collar is one of the basic procedures in the prehospital phase. Different strategies of assessing the cervical spine are still discussed controversially. Since plain radiographs, CT-scan, MRI, and flexion/extension fluoroscopy still play a role in early diagnosis of cervical spine injury, we present an analysis of cervical spine injuries in our multiple trauma patients to elucidate our algorithm. We reviewed our data between January 2003 and December 2006 concerning epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment of cervical spine injury in polytrauma patients. Multislice-CT (MSCT) or Multidetector-CT was used as standard diagnostic procedures in the polytraumatized patient. In 97% of patients, CT-scanning showed to be a reliable tool in detecting injuries of the cervical spine. Only in two patients (3%), additional MRI lead to a change in treatment strategy. Of 66 polytraumatized patients with significant cervical spine injury, 25 (37.9%) received surgical treatment within 24 h. Sixteen patients (24.2%) were treated surgically after stabilization on ICU. There was a better outcome concerning length of hospitalization in the “day-onesurgery” group. We consider MSCT as standard approach towards diagnosis of cervical spine injury in polytrauma patients. MRI and flexion/extension fluoroscopy can give additional information in selected cases.     

强直性脊柱炎合并颈椎无骨折脱位型脊髓损伤

目的 总结强直性脊柱炎合并颈椎无骨折脱位型脊髓损伤的临床特征、诊断和手术治疗。方法 1986～2004年，笔者手术治疗累及颈椎的强直性脊柱炎合并无骨折脱位型脊髓损伤27例。结果 本组27例中椎管内韧带骨化18例，脊髓损伤的原因依次为韧带骨化所致的椎管狭窄，椎间盘损伤和椎体后骨刺及椎间不稳定。术前均为不完全性损伤，非手术治疗不提高脊髓功能。术后脊髓ASIA分级平均改善1级。后路手术椎板切除率、出血量、手术时间、术后引流量明显高于不合并强直性脊柱炎的患者。前路手术可达到骨性融合。结论 强直性脊柱炎合并颈椎无骨折脱位型脊髓损伤一般为不完全性损伤，损伤的内因依次为椎管内韧带骨化所致的椎管狭窄、椎间盘损伤、椎间骨赘和椎间不稳定。适当的手术可改善脊髓功能。手术难度大，风险高。     

上颈段颈椎脊髓病

目的：一般认为颈椎脊髓病好发于下颈段Ｃ５６最常见，其次为Ｃ６－７。有时上３个颈椎受累，由于神经系统病变定位困难，尤其ＭＲＩ应用于临床前的影像学缺欠，常使上颈脊髓病被误认作下颈段病变。本文旨在说明上颈段脊髓病的发病，病理及神经系统症状特点，方法：对１５６例颈椎脊髓病中２８例上颈段病变的临床表现，影像学特点，手术所见及随访结果作了研究，诊断依据为肱二头肌腱反射亢进，试图引进肱二头肌或肱桡肌反射时，出现     

颈椎关节突交锁的诊断与外科治疗

本文报告从1988年12月至1994年12月诊治的14例陈旧性颈椎关节突交锁患者,受伤至入院时间平均3.9个月(1～1O个月).脱位节段:C_(3～4)2例,C_(4～5)例,C_(5～6)例,C_(6～7)例.单侧脱位9例,双侧脱位5例.本组患者均有被误诊、误治的病史.在交锁关节突切除.脱位节段植骨融合的基础上,分别采用4种复位固定方法.术后随访平均2年8个月(6个月～5年3个月),9例患者中有7例神经症状有不同程度的改善.本文还对该病的诊断要点,误诊误治原因及目前的处理观点等问题作了讨论.     

Acute Outcomes of Cervical Spine Injuries in the Elderly: Atlantaxial vs Subaxial Injuries

Abstract

Background/Objective: Recent studies have reported on the outcomes of spinal cord injuries in the elderly. Our aim was to identify acute survival differences between elderly patients with atlantoaxial injuries relative to subaxial injuries at our institution and to determine whether operative treatment is associated with improved survival rates in either population.

Study Design: Retrospective database review of all traumatic cervical spine injuries in patients at least 65 years of age at a single tertiary care center.

Methods: A total of 193 consecutive patients at least 65 years of age treated at a single tertiary care center over a 12-year period were identified. Initial hospitalization records were reviewed. Patients were divided by anatomic level of injury: atlantoaxial (C1 or C2) and subaxial (C3 or below). Demographics, mechanism, and mortality rates were compared. Each group was further divided by treatment (operative or nonoperative), and inpatient survival rates were compared.

Results: Statistically similar survival rates were observed among patients with atlantoaxial and subaxial injuries (P= 0.10). Patients with nonoperatively treated subaxial injuries died at significantly higher rates than did their operatively treated peers (P < 0.05).

Conclusions: In this large comprehensive series of elderly patients with cervical spine injuries, survival rates were comparable regardless of anatomic level of injury. The operative treatment of subaxial injuries was associated with an improved acute survival rate vs nonoperative management. Further prospective study is needed to better assess this relationship.     

下颈椎屈伸运动节律的实验研究

目的：观察和测量下颈椎节段屈伸运动节律。方法：采用５具新鲜成人男性尸体的颈椎标本,动态Ｘ线摄片,测量各屈伸状态各节段的屈伸角度。结果：Ｃ４～５,Ｃ５～６活动范围最大,屈伸运动节律也最大,而且在半屈—中立—半伸范围内的活动度较半屈—全屈和半伸—全伸的活动度大。结论：颈椎病变动态Ｘ线摄片中,可根据各节段尤其是Ｃ４～５、Ｃ５～６节段的屈伸运动节律是否正常作为一诊断参考依据     

颈椎弓根钉技术在下颈椎骨折中的临床应用

目的探讨颈椎弓根钉内固定技术在下颈椎骨折中的临床应用方法及效果。方法对24例下颈椎骨折患者,通过术前X线、CT及三维重建检查了解椎弓根的直径、走行方向,并确定进钉点。术中凭手感及C臂斜位透视逐步扩孔,扩孔过程中探查骨孔四壁,确定为骨性,然后置入螺钉。结果经4～20个月的随访,除1例患者术后2.5个月因高位截瘫并发症死亡,1例A级患者无恢复外,其余22例均有1～3级脊髓功能恢复,无内固定失效者。结论下颈椎椎弓根内固定技术是相对安全、可靠的内固定方法,是下颈椎骨折治疗的较理想方法。