Smad 4和Galectin-3在胃癌中的表达及其临床意义

目的　研究黏附分子Galectin 3和抑癌基因Smad4在正常组织和胃癌中的表达及其临床意义。方法　采用S P免疫组化法检测Galectin 3和Smad4在胃癌及其邻近正常组织中的表达。所有标本都使用武汉同济千屏HPIAS 2000图像分析软件进行定量分析。结果　Galectin 3在胃癌中的阳性表达率为 85 9%,约有 46%表现出核染色。Galectin 3阳性表达以及染色强度与胃癌的分化程度密切相关(P<0 001),分化越低,染色强度越深,在淋巴结转移的癌组织中表达更明显 (P=0 001),与正常组织比较,具有显著的差异性(P<0 001)。Smad4主要在正常组织细胞浆中表达,在胃癌组织中阳性表达率为 59 36%,随着分化程度降低,表达逐渐减少,染色强度也逐渐减弱,尤其在低分化胃癌中更为明显(P<0 001)。与正常组织相比,Smad4减弱具有明显差异性(P<0 01)。结论Galectin 3表达增强与Smad4蛋白表达减弱都与胃癌的分化程度以及淋巴结转移有关,同时检测,能提高预测胃癌进展程度的准确性,是判断胃癌患者淋巴结转移和预后较好的方法。     

不同胃组织中bcl-2蛋白的亚细胞定位及意义

目的　探讨 bcl- 2蛋白在胃癌、癌旁组织中的不同亚细胞定位及其意义。方法　采用 SP免疫组化法检测 4 6例胃癌和 2 5例癌旁组织中 bcl- 2的表达。结果　胃癌、癌旁组织中 bcl- 2表达率分别为 6 0 .87% (2 8/4 6 )、4 8.0 0 % (12 / 2 5 ) ,两者比较无显著差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。癌旁组 bcl- 2在胞浆定位 2例 (8.0 0 % ) ,核膜及混合定位10例 (40 .0 0 % )。胃癌组在胞浆定位 16例 (34.78% ) ,核膜和混合定位 12例 (2 6 .0 9% ) ,两组比较差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 )。bcl- 2蛋白在胃癌不同分化程度、病理分期及淋巴结转移中的阳性表达和定位均无统计学意义 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论　 bcl- 2蛋白超表达定位于核膜或混合定位是胃良性病变的标志 ,而单一胞浆定位是引起细胞恶变的一个可能机制     

Eph-B4受体及其配体Ephrin-B2在胃癌组织中的表达及其病理学意义

目的 :探讨Eph B4受体与其配体Ephrin B2在胃癌组织中的表达及其对血管生成和肿瘤生物学行为的影响。方法 :应用免疫组化SABC法检测 93例胃癌和 30例癌旁组织中Enp B4受体与其配体Ephrin B2的表达及间质微血管密度 (MVD)。结果 :胃癌组织中肿瘤细胞、间质新生血管的Eph B4与Ephrin B2高度表达 ,癌组织中Eph B4与Ephrin B2的阳性表达 (分别为 49.46 %和 50 .54 % )明显高于癌旁组织 (分别为 2 0 .0 %和 2 3 .3 % ,P <0 .0 1 )。Enp B4与Ephrin B2阳性表达组的平均MVD值 (分别为 56 .2 1± 1 5 .3和 62 .41± 1 6 .9)明显高于Enp B4与Ephrin B2阴性表达组 (分别为 32 .2 2± 1 2 .9和 34 .1 2± 1 4 .7,P <0 .0 5和P <0 .0 1 )。此外 ,Enp B4与Ephrin B2表达程度还与胃癌的转移和癌浸润程度密切相关。结论 :Enp B4与Ephrin B2可以促进肿瘤间质的血管生成 ,加速肿瘤浸润和转移     

胃癌癌变过程中Smad4表达的变化及其与临床病理特征的关系

目的:探讨胃癌癌变过程中Smad4蛋白的表达变化及其与临床病理特征的关系.方法:利用组织病理学和免疫组织化学的方法,对103例胃癌患者(早期16例,进展期87例)的石蜡标本进行了病理学分类,并检测各级病变中Smad4蛋白的表达情况.结果:其中在28例标本中同时检出肠上皮化生,在13例标本中检出不典型增生,有2例标本同时检出肠上皮化生和不典型增生.癌旁的正常胃黏膜细胞均有Smad4蛋白表达,在肠上皮化生和不典型增生中表达阳性率分别为89.3%和76.9%.在癌细胞中则为54.4%,其中早期癌为62.5%,进展期癌为52.9%.随着恶变程度的增加,Smad4蛋白表达下降的频率显著升高(P<0.05).Smad4蛋白表达与癌细胞的分化程度密切相关(P<0.01),低分化癌细胞中Smad4蛋白表达下降的频率更高,为63.0%,而高分化癌细胞中Smad4蛋白表达下降的频率仅为31.6%.贲门部癌Smad4蛋白的表达阳性率明显高于其他部位(P<0.05),为75%.胃底、胃体和胃窦部癌的表达阳性率基本相似,分别为50%,53.6%和46.7%.Smad4蛋白表达与患者年龄、性别、肿瘤大小、淋巴结转移、浸润深度未见明显相关性.结论:Smad4蛋白表达下降是胃癌癌变过程中频发的分子事件,并且与细胞恶变的进展程度和分化程度密切相关,但在贲门部癌中表达下降的频率较低.     

胃癌组织中细胞FLICE抑制蛋白基因的表达研究

目的　本研究检测细胞FLICE抑制蛋白 (c-FLIP)基因在胃癌中的表达及其与临床病理特征的关系,初步探讨c-FLIP在胃癌发生、发展中的意义。方法　收集 48例胃癌及相应癌旁正常组织标本,以免疫组化、Western印迹法检测c FLIP蛋白表达;半定量RT PCR法检测c FLIPmRNA表达;原位末端标记法检测胃癌细胞凋亡指数。结果　胃癌及癌旁正常组织均表达c FLIPmRNA,平均相对吸光度值分别为(0. 59±0. 16)和 ( 0. 24±0. 13 ),前者显著高于后者 (P<0. 01 )。免疫组化结果表明c FLIP蛋白在胃癌中表达的阳性率为 100% (48 /48),且 68. 8% (33 /48)呈强阳性表达,而在癌旁正常组织中的阳性率为 75%,且未见强阳性表达,癌组织中的表达水平 ( 6. 93±0. 58 )显著高于癌旁正常组织(3. 19±0. 26,P<0. 01)。较低表达c FLIP蛋白的癌组织其平均凋亡指数 [ (2. 96±0. 15)% ]明显高于高表达c FLIP的癌组织[ (1. 36±0. 11)%,P<0. 01]。另外,在有淋巴结转移组中c FLIPmRNA(0. 64±0. 18)和蛋白(7. 15±0. 63)的表达水平明显高于无淋巴结转移组的c FLIPmRNA( 0. 52±0. 13,P<0. 05)和蛋白水平(6. 69±0. 47,P<0. 01)。Western印迹分析表明,胃癌组织中长型和短型c FLIP蛋白的水平分别为癌旁正常组织的 2. 6倍(P<0. 01)和 2. 8倍 (P<0. 01     

胃癌组织RASSF1A甲基化对其mRNA及蛋白表达的影响

目的研究RASSF1A基因启动子区甲基化对胃癌组织中RASSF1AmRNA及蛋白表达的影响。方法RT-PCR方法检测54例胃癌及癌旁正常组织RASSF1AmRNA表达,甲基化特异性PCR方法检测RASSF1A启动子区CpG岛甲基化状态;Westernblot方法检测20例胃癌及癌旁正常组织中RASSF1A蛋白表达。结果(1)RASSF1AmRNA和蛋白表达水平在胃癌组织中明显低于癌旁正常组织(A值分别为0·2589±0·2407比0·5448±0·2971,P<0·0001;0·1874±0·0737比0·6654±0·2201,P<0·0001);(2)RASSF1A在胃癌组织和正常组织中的甲基化频率分别为66·7%和14·8%,差异有统计学意义(P<0·0001);(3)在胃癌组织中,甲基化组RASSF1AmRNA的表达明显低于非甲基化组(0·1384±0·1142比0·5018±0·2463,P<0·0001)。结论胃癌组织RASSF1AmRNA和蛋白表达缺失或低下,与其启动子甲基化程度增高显著相关。     

氧化型低密度脂蛋白对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞胆固醇蓄积的影响及可能机制

研究氧化型低密度脂蛋白对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞胆固醇蓄积的影响 ,并探讨其与组织蛋白酶活性之间的关系。用 10 0mg/L的乙酰化低密度脂蛋白和氧化型低密度脂蛋白处理小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞 2 4h ,分别测定巨噬细胞胞浆和溶酶体中胆固醇的含量以及溶酶体中组织蛋白酶的活性。结果发现 ,乙酰化低密度脂蛋白和氧化型低密度脂蛋白均可引起细胞胆固醇含量增加 (分别为 2 2 .2± 0 .4 μg和 2 2 .5 5± 0 .15 μg比对照组的 7.0± 0 .4 μg ,P <0 .0 1) ,但蓄积部位和形式完全不同 ,前者蓄积部位主要在胞浆并以胆固醇酯为主 (胞浆与溶酶体分别为 18.9± 0 .4 μg和3.3± 0 .2 μg ,游离胆固醇与胆固醇酯分别为 0 .73± 0 .0 5 μg和 18.1± 0 .4 μg) ,后者主要在溶酶体并以游离胆固醇为主 (胞浆与溶酶体分别为 3.6 5± 0 .14 μg和 18.90± 0 .15 μg ,游离胆固醇与胆固醇酯分别为 14 .13± 0 .14 μg和 4 .77±0 .33μg) ;前者不引起溶酶体组织蛋白酶的活性改变和蛋白含量增加 (组织蛋白酶L和D分别为 99.5± 3.4和 2 8.0± 2 .4 ,对照组分别为 10 2 .3± 8.2和 2 7.3± 1.6 ,P >0 .0 5 ;蛋白含量为 8.8± 0 .4 μg ,对照组为 9.0± 0 .3μg,P >0 .0 5 ) ;后者则造成溶酶体组织蛋白酶活性的明显降低和蛋白蓄积 (组织     

Smad 4、Smad 6、Smad 7在胰腺癌中的改变及其相互关系

目的研究Smad4、Smad6和Smad7在胰腺癌组织中的改变及其相互关系。方法采用半定量RT-PCR法分别检测了17例胰腺癌和6例正常胰腺组织中Smad4、Smad6和Smad7的mRNA表达情况。结果5例胰腺癌组织不表达Smad4,占29.4%;胰腺癌组织中Smad6和Smad7的表达水平分别为1.15±0.51和1.44±0.84,正常胰腺组织S mad6和Smad7的表达水平分别为0.47±0.18和0.39±0.29,两者相比有统计学意义(P<0.05);Smad6和Smad7的表达水平和Smad4表达无相关性。结论Smad4纯合性缺失在胰腺癌中的发生率约为30%,在胰腺癌的发病机制中占有值得重视的地位;Smad6和Smad7在胰腺癌组织中存在过表达现象,可能是导致胰腺癌发生的原因之一。     

胃癌中TGFβ1,Smad3,Smad7蛋白的表达及意义

目的探讨正常胃组织及胃癌组织中转化生长因子(TGF)β1、Smad3、Smad7蛋白的表达及临床意义。方法收集胃癌组织标本60例,正常胃组织20例作为对照组,应用免疫组织化学法检测TGFβ1、Smad3、Smad7在正常胃组织及胃癌组织中的蛋白表达情况。结果在胃癌组织中,TGFβ1、Smad7的表达明显高于在正常胃组织中(P<0.05),Smad3的表达明显低于在正常胃组织中(P<0.05)。低分化胃癌组织中,TGFβ1、Smad7的表达明显高于在高中分化胃癌组织中(P<0.05)。TGFβ1、Smad7在无淋巴结转移胃癌组织中的表达低于在有淋巴结转移者中(P<0.05),Smad3高于在有淋巴结转移者的表达(P<0.05)。结论正常胃组织和胃癌组织中比较,TGFβ1、Smad3、Smad7的表达差异有显著性,且与胃癌的分化程度、有无淋巴结转移有关。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.