膈神经替代喉返神经修复治疗双侧声带麻痹

目的　探讨膈神经喉返神经吻合和内收肌支环杓后肌植入术 (膈神经手术 )治疗双侧喉返神经损伤声带麻痹的有效性、可行性。方法　第二军医大学长海医院耳鼻咽喉科 1999年 8月～2 0 0 1年 7月治疗外伤性双侧喉返神经损伤声带麻痹 6例。病程 1周～ 18个月 ,一侧作膈神经手术 ,而另一侧作颈袢肌蒂环杓后肌植入术。手术前后电子喉镜、频闪喉镜观察声门大小、声带运动、振动情况 ,嗓音声学参数分析 ,喉肌电图检查评价手术效果。结果　术后 2～ 3周检查发现 4例声门较术前增大 2～ 3mm ,但声带固定不动 ,2例无明显改善。术后 6个月 5例膈神经修复侧均恢复了较大幅度的吸气性声带外展功能 ,外展幅度可达 3～ 5mm ,而肌蒂植入侧仅轻微外展或固定不动 ,幅度均在 1mm以内。此 5例均顺利拔管 ,并能承受较大强度的体力活动 ,1例仍在随访中。术后 4个月 6例肌电图检查显示膈神经修复侧自发、诱发电位均明显大于肌蒂植入侧 ,自发电活动与肋间肌基本同步 ,而较肌蒂植入侧延迟 10 0～ 2 0 0ms。声音估价显示 3例声嘶术后较术前好转 ,2例无变化。术后半年肺功能均恢复正常。结论　膈神经喉返神经吻合内收肌支环杓后肌植入术安全可行 ,较颈袢肌蒂植入术更能有效地恢复声带吸气性外展运动 ,值得临床推广应用     

膈神经替代喉返神经修复治疗双侧声带麻痹

目的 探讨膈神经喉返神经吻合和内收肌支环杓后肌植入术（膈神经手术）治疗双侧喉返神经损伤声带麻痹的有效性、可行性。方法 第二军医大学长海医院耳鼻咽喉科1999年8月－2001年7月治疗外伤性双侧喉返神经损伤声带麻痹6例。病程1周－18个月，一侧作膈神经手术，而另一侧作颈袢肌蒂环杓后肌植入术。手术前后电子喉镜、频闪喉镜观察声门大小、声珲运动、振动情况，噪音声学参数分析，喉肌电力产检查评价手术效果。结果 术后2－3周检查发现4例声门较术前增大2－3mm，但声带固定不动，2例无明显改善。术后6个月5例膈神经修复侧均恢复了较大幅度的吸气性声带外展功能，外展幅度可达3－5mm，而肌蒂植入侧仅轻微外展或固定不动，幅度均在1mm以内。此5例均顺利拔管，并能承受较大强度的体力活动，1例仍在随访中。术后4个月6例肌电图检查显示膈神经修复侧自发、诱发电位均明显大于肌蒂植入侧，自发电活动与肋间肌基本同步，而较肌蒂植入侧延迟100－200ms。声音估价显示3例声嘶术后较术前好转，2例无变化。术后半年肺功能均恢复正常。结论 膈神经喉返神经吻合内收肌支环杓后肌植入术安全可行，较颈袢肌蒂植入术更能有效地恢复声带吸气性外展运动，值得临床推广应用。     

双侧喉返神经损伤神经修复治疗术式探讨

目的探讨三种神经修复术式治疗双侧喉返神经损伤声带麻痹的效果。方法对28例双侧喉返神经损伤声带麻痹患者行喉返神经减压术(8例)、膈神经移植术(11例11侧)、神经肌蒂移植术(9例)。治疗前后以喉镜、嗓音主观评估及嗓音声学分析、喉肌电图检查等评价手术效果,随访1年以上。结果①神经减压术8例13侧有6例10侧声带恢复生理性内收及外展运动,外展幅度2~8mm,声门裂隙6~12mm,顺利拔管;2例双侧声带仍固定无法拔管。②膈神经移植11例11侧中8侧术后恢复声带外展功能,幅度达2~8mm,声门裂隙6~12mm,发声时声带均有一定幅度的内收,此8例均顺利拔管;2侧声带仍固定、1侧吸气时声带反而内收,此3例均未能拔管。③神经肌蒂移植术9例9侧仅1侧吸气时声带轻度外展,声门开大为4mm,发声时声带内移,拔管后不能行较大强度的体力活动。④除6例神经减压术后发声恢复正常外,其余手术前后发声无明显变化。⑤术后12个月膈神经移植、神经减压术侧自发电位波形、诱发电位均明显大于神经肌蒂移植术侧,而前两者差异无统计学意义。结论喉返神经减压术、膈神经移植术较神经肌蒂移植术能更有效地恢复声带吸气性外展运动,神经减压术还能恢复正常发声功能。     

喉返神经-膈神经吻合术后声带外展肌的神经肌电图表现

目的研究声带外展肌-环杓后肌在喉返神经-膈神经吻合术前、后的神经肌电图表现。方法造成犬单侧喉返神经完全性损伤,即行单侧犬喉返神经-膈神经吻合术,对吻合术前、后同侧环杓后肌神经电图各项参数进行对比分析。结果吻合术前环杓后肌的神经电图表现为潜伏期1．26±0．86,神经传导速度15．08±0．47ms／s,幅值50．49±4．75mV。神经吻合术后4个月,环杓后肌神经电图出现清晰动作电波形,表现为潜伏期延长,传导速度减慢,动作电位峰-峰值明显减小。结论神经吻合术后4个月,出现环杓后肌肌纤维不同程度的神经再支配,但新生神经末稍终板数量及神经鞘膜之再生还未完全达到正常水平。     

环杓后肌延期神经再支配后收缩特性的定量分析

为观察延期神经再支配环杓后肌的收缩特性，比较不同神经再支配方法的疗效，我们选择２４只犬，在右喉返神经切断后，于即刻，４，６，８，１０和１２个月时，分别以２只犬行选择性膈神经与喉返神经吻合（切断内收肌支）支配右环杓后肌（神经吻合组）；另１２只犬分别以２只行颈袢胸骨甲状肌蒂植入右环杓后肌（神经植入组）。组后饲养６个月，测定环杓后肌收缩强度及时间。结果表明，两组术侧的环杓后肌收缩力恢复率随病程延长而下降     

几丁质管桥接喉返神经缺损的实验研究

为在恢复神经再支配手术治疗喉返神经损伤所致的喉麻痹中,探索一种新的可避免神经误向支配的方法,采用非神经生物材料几了质管,桥接狗喉返神经干的缺损,并用自体神经移植作为对照组.术后5个月,组织学、组织化学和电生理等检测,显示两组动物的喉内肌皆获得神经再支配.实验组术侧声带较明显恢复了和健侧一致的内收和外展运动,甲杓肌(Thyroarytenoid,TAM)和环杓后肌(Posterior cricoarytenoid musdes,PCAM)也分别出现了相应的生理性自发肌电;对照组的术侧声带无明显的运动,TAM和PCAM则在呼气期和吸气期均出现不规则的持续密集自发肌电.提示几丁质桥接喉返神经干缺损可使其定向性再生,选择性支配喉内肌.     

喉返神经修复术及非喉返神经修复术治疗声带麻痹

目的 探讨喉返神经修复术及非喉返神经修复术这两种不同术式治疗声带麻痹的疗效。方法 ①单侧声带麻痹21例, 其中采用喉返神经修复术(喉返神经减压术、颈袢神经与喉返神经吻合术、颈袢神经肌肉蒂环杓侧肌移植术)15例, 采用非喉返神经修复术(声带自体脂肪注射术、自体软骨Ⅰ型甲状软骨成形术)6例;②双侧声带麻痹16例, 其中采用喉返神经修复术(喉返神经减压术、颈袢神经肌肉蒂环杓后肌移植术)6例, 采用非喉返神经修复术(声带外移术、内镜下杓状软骨切除术)10例。治疗前后以电子喉镜、频闪喉镜、声音评估等评价手术疗效。结果 ①单侧喉返神经麻痹患者中喉返神经修复组15例, 术后术侧声带活动不同程度改善, 发音时声带突明显内收, 声带振动及黏膜波均恢复对称性, 声门闭合良好, 手术前后的最大声时为(5.51±1.05)s和(12.10±1.41)s, 差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);非喉返神经修复术术后声带均不同程度内移, 声嘶症状改善, 但声带均无运动, 手术前后的最大声时为(5.47±0.45)s和(11.83±1.47)s, 差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。神经修复组和非神经修复组术后最大声时比较, 差异无显著性意义(P>0.05);②双侧喉返神经麻痹患者中喉返神经修复术6例中, 术后呼吸困难缓解及声带外展部分恢复4例;非神经修复术10例术后呼吸困难改善;神经修复组术后拔管率为66.7%, 非神经修复组术后拔管率为100%;Fisher精确概率法比较两组术后拔管率, 差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 对于单侧声带麻痹, 喉返神经修复术及非喉返神经修复术疗效相当, 前者的远期疗效更佳。对于双侧声带麻痹, 非喉返神经修复术疗效更佳, 但喉返神经修复术不影响患者的发音功能。选择喉返神经修复术或非喉返神经修复术治疗声带麻痹, 需要医师根据自身的专业知识及技能、患者的身体状况及需求, 作出慎重的决定, 以取得可靠的疗效。     

声带运动不良的喉肌电图特征

目的探讨声带运动不良的喉肌电及诱发肌电变化特征。方法对108例声带活动不良患者临床表现、喉肌电图(自发电位、运动单位电位及募集电位等)及神经诱发电位特征(潜伏期、时程、波幅)进行分析。结果喉返神经麻痹者患侧甲杓肌、环杓后肌可检测到失神经电位如纤颤波和正锐波及再生电位。完全麻痹者肌电为电静息,相应喉内肌诱发电位消失。神经不完全损伤者患侧相应喉肌正常运动单位电位中夹杂失神经电位或再生电位,募集电位为单纯相或混合相,神经诱发电位较弱,其中患侧甲杓肌(2.2±1.0)ms(±s,以下同)、环杓后肌(2.4±1.0)ms 诱发电位平均潜伏期均大于正常受试者(P<0.05);诱发电位波幅离散程度较大,患侧甲杓肌(0.9±0.7)mV、环杓后肌(1.2±1.0)mV 平均诱发电位波幅均明显小于正常受试者(P<0.05)。环杓关节运动障碍者喉肌电正常或稍活跃,神经诱发电位参数与正常无统计学差异。肿瘤侵犯喉肌患者肌电减弱,神经诱发电位潜伏期正常,波幅减小。结论声带活动不良可以通过常规喉肌电图进行初步定性筛查,后经喉神经诱发电位进一步进行半定量分析。     

正常喉诱发电位特点的研究

目的 分析正常喉肌诱发电位特点,得出其参数正常参考值范围,以利于喉神经功能的评估.方法 检测36例健康受试者72侧喉诱发电位反应,刺激相应喉返神经、喉上神经内、外支及迷走神经,检测诱发肌电反应潜伏期、时程、波幅(电位).结果 甲杓肌喉返神经诱发肌电潜伏期正常参考值(-x±2s,以下同)为(1.13～2.25)ms,迷走神经诱发肌电潜伏期(2.57～5.85)ms,迷走神经与喉返神经潜伏期相比差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);其中右侧迷走神经诱发肌电潜伏期(2.01～4.53)ms,左侧迷走神经(3.70～6.98)ms,双侧比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),左侧明显较右侧长.诱发肌电时程和波幅各神经亦略有差异,时程差异较小,波幅值变化较大.刺激喉上神经(外支)在环甲肌可直接引出诱发电位,其波形和潜伏期与喉返神经诱发电位大致相同,刺激喉上神经(内支)在甲杓肌、环杓侧肌和环杓后肌可引出反射性感觉诱发电位前波R1和迟发波R2.结论 喉各支配神经诱发电位特点各不相同;神经诱发电位的潜伏期相对时程和波幅来说,是更重要的评估参数.     

一侧膈神经上根联合舌下神经甲舌肌支选择性喉返神经修复术治疗双侧声带麻痹的临床分析北大核心CSCD

目的评价一侧膈神经上根联合舌下神经甲舌肌支选择性喉返神经修复术(以下简称选择性喉返神经修复术)对双侧声带麻痹患者气道和嗓音质量的改善作用。方法对2012年1月至2016年12月,在海军军医大学第一附属医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科行选择性喉返神经修复术的39例资料完整的双侧声带麻痹患者的病例资料行回顾性研究。所有患者术前术后均行频闪喉镜、嗓音主观评估、声学参数、喉肌电图及肺功能检查,并进行至少2年随访,评价疗效及安全性。声音总嘶哑度评分及VHI-10评分数据采用Wilcoxon符号秩检验进行统计分析,声学参数[包括基频微扰(Jitter)、振幅微扰(Shimmer)、噪谐比(NHR)]、最长发声时间(MPT)值和肺功能参数数据采用配对t检验进行统计分析。结果39例患者中,术后发生感染及出血各1例。术后4~8个月,所有患者发音时声带均可内收,35例患者吸气时声带达到中、重度的外展运动,2例始终仅轻度外展,2例无外展运动,中度以上运动幅度的恢复率达89.7%(35/39),并顺利拔管,随访2年无变化。术后12个月时嗓音总嘶哑度G及VHI-10评分较术前均明显降低(P值均<0.05),声学参数Jitter、Shimmer、NHR及MPT较术前均明显改善,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。术后3个月,患者肺功能大部分参数恢复到正常参考值水平,术后12个月最大吸气压力(PImax)值仍略低于正常水平,但与术前相比均有显著改善(P值均<0.05)。术后12个月时患者肌电图资料显示,37例患者吸气时双侧环杓后肌均呈干扰相电位,发音时双侧甲杓肌亦为干扰相电位,其中2例还存在明显错向电位。2例外展功能恢复不佳者环杓后肌电位明显较弱。长期随访仅1例外展运动幅度减弱,但不影响呼吸功能。结论本研究采用选择性喉返神经修复术治疗双侧声带麻痹,恢复生理性声带外展内收运动的成功率高、疗效稳定、并发症少,值得推广应用。     

Experimental laryngeal reinnervation by phrenic nerve implantation into the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle

Under general anaesthesia, 5 dogs underwent sectioning of the right recurrent nerve followed by implantation of the phrenic nerve into the posterior cricoarytenoid (PCA) muscle. Some 6-7 months later the dogs were sacrificed after registration of vocal cord motility. Still photographs and movie film of the larynx were taken during quiet and forced respiration and at electrical stimulation of the implanted phrenic nerve. The PCA and vocal muscles were removed for histochemical studies. We found practically no abductory movement of the vocal cord on the reinnervated side, either during quiet or forced respiration. During forced inspiration there was, however, a slight medial bowing of the right vocal cord. At electrical stimulation there was a sphincteric movement of the entire larynx. Histochemistry showed a reinnervation picture of both the PCA and the vocal muscles on the experimental side. The conclusion drawn from this study is that axonal escape, probably from the implantation site, results in an unwanted reinnervation of laryngeal adductor muscles, which neutralize the abducting effect of the PCA muscle during inspiration. This method therefore does not seem to be suitable as a treatment alternative for bilateral recurrent nerve paralysis.     

Experimental laryngeal reinnervation by phrenic nerve implantation into the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle

Under general anaesthesia, 5 dogs underwent sectioning of the right recurrent nerve followed by implantation of the phrenic nerve into the posterior cricoarytenoid (PCA) muscle. Some 6-7 months later the dogs were sacrificed after registration of vocal cord motility. Still photographs and movie film of the larynx were taken during quiet and forced respiration and at electrical stimulation of the implanted phrenic nerve. The PCA and vocal muscles were removed for histochemical studies. We found practically no abductory movement of the vocal cord on the reinnervated side, either during quiet or forced respiration. During forced inspiration there was, however, a slight medial bowing of the right vocal cord. At electrical stimulation there was a sphincteric movement of the entire larynx. Histochemistry showed a reinnervation picture of both the PCA and the vocal muscles on the experimental side. The conclusion drawn from this study is that axonal escape, probably from the implantation site, results in an unwanted reinnervation of laryngeal adductor muscles, which neutralize the abducting effect of the PCA muscle during inspiration. This method therefore does not seem to be suitable as a treatment alternative for bilateral recurrent nerve paralysis.     

Innervation of the paralyzed laryngeal muscles by phrenic motoneurons. A quantitative study by light and electron microscopy.

In the cat, inspiratory opening of the paralyzed glottis recovered after unilateral or bilateral reinnervation of the posterior cricoarytenoid (PCA) muscles by phrenic axons. The morphometric analysis of the regenerated recurrent laryngeal nerves (RLNs), showed that proliferation was abundant; 4 months after the nerve anastomosis, more than 500 myelinated axonal branches repopulated the RLNs. The mean diameter of motor axons (3.5 to 5.0 microns) was lower than in normal phrenic and RLN (8 to 10 microns), and the mean internode length was about half that of the normal RLN. Histochemical examination of the PCA muscle revealed that muscle fiber composition (44% type I and 56% type II muscle fiber) was fairly similar to that of normal PCA. The contraction time of the reinnervated muscles was as long as 60 msec at the time of movement recovery, but it shortened to 25 to 30 msec when the reinnervation time increased. These anatomical and functional results support the choice of the phrenic nerve for laryngeal reinnervation.     

Recovery of inspiratory abduction of the paralyzed vocal cords after bilateral reinnervation of the cricoarytenoid muscles by one single branch of the phrenic nerve

The aim of this study was to provide the bilateral reinnervation of the posterior cricoarytenoid (PCA) muscles by the superior root of the right phrenic nerve. In six adult cats, the right phrenic root was anastomosed to the distal stump of the transected recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) on the same side. The RLN adductor branch was then cut and anastomosed to a nerve graft whose end was carried contralaterally and sutured to the left RLN or to the left PCA muscle. The phrenic fibers regrowing along the RLN abductor branch reinnervated the right PCA muscle and restored the inspiratory abduction of the right vocal cord in all the animals. In five of the six cats, the fibers regenerated through the RLN adductor branch and the graft reached the left PCA muscle and also restored the inspiratory opening of the larynx on the left side. Histological nerve examination revealed a fairly symmetrical distribution of the regenerated phrenic axons to the right and left PCA muscles.     

Does intralaryngeal motor nerve sprouting occur following unilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis?

Reinnervation of paralyzed intralaryngeal muscles by axonal sprouting from adjacent intact muscles (the phenomenon of muscular neurotization) has been observed, but the source is uncertain. The potential for laryngeal reinnervation of the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle (PCA) from contralateral PCA motor nerve sprouting in a rabbit model was investigated. Unilateral PCA denervation was produced by vagotomy. The rabbits were examined for signs of PCA recovery for up to 6 months using fiberoptic endoscopy, electromyography (EMG), and histology. No return of vocal cord abduction, EMG activity, or any nerve sprouting across the midline from the intact PCA was found. We conclude that there is no significant spontaneous intralaryngeal muscular neurotization to the paralyzed PCA. The clinical ramifications of our data will be discussed.     

家犬双侧环杓后肌失神经及颈袢神经再支配后肌卫星细胞活性变化

目的 探讨家犬双侧环杓后肌失神经支配及用颈袢神经再吻合支配后肌卫星细胞活性的变化.方法 随机数字表法将24只家犬分成3组,每组8只,分别为切断双侧喉返神经组,切断喉返神经后即刻颈袢神经再吻合组,不切断喉返神经的对照组.3组动物手术后再饲养9周后再次暴露喉返神经及环杓后肌,使用喉返神经诱发环杓后肌电位来验证喉返神经的再通情况;双盲法提取环杓后肌肌肉组织中总RNA,反转录后做实时定量聚合酶链反应(PCR)检测肌卫星细胞增殖分化标记物Myogenin、Myf5和Pax7的mRNA表达.结果 手术后3组动物各有1只死亡或感染退出实验.术后9周诱发神经环杓后肌肌电图提示对照组动物喉返神经功能均正常,切断组7只动物电刺激都没有反应,吻合组均有神经再通.Myogenin的mRNA相对表达量切断组较对照组和吻合组均有明显升高(Z值为1.42和1.38,P值均＜0.05),Myf5的mRNA表达切断组也明显高于对照组和吻合组(Z值为1.66和1.69,P值均＜0.01);切断组Pax7的mRNA表达明显高于对照组(Z=1.66,P＜0.01),也高于吻合组(Z=1.42,P＜0.05);而吻合组与对照组Myogenin、Myf5和Pax7的mRNA表达差异均无统计学意义(P值均＞0.05).结论 双侧喉返神经切断后,环杓后肌的肌卫星细胞增殖分化的mRNA表达增强,而同颈袢神经再吻合后肌卫星细胞的增殖分化表达下降.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the activity of bilateral posterior cricoarytenoid muscle satellite cell after denervation or reinnervation with ansa cervicalis. Methods Twenty four dogs were randomly divided into 3 groups. The bilateral laryngeal recurrent nerves were cut in group one in all dogs. The bilateral laryngeal recurrent nerves were anastomosed with ansa cervicalis after incision in group two in all dogs. The dogs in group three were used as control. Nine weeks after surgery, the electromyography was used to test the regeneration of the nerve. The posterior cricoarytenoid muscles biopsy were collected. The expression of mRNA of Myogenin, Myf5, and Pax7 was assayed by realtime RT-PCR after total RNA isolation. Results Two dogs died after surgery in incision and anastomose group. The electromyography suggested that the RLN of all dogs had denervated in the incision group and had reinnervated in the anastomose group after 9 weeks. Myogenin mRNA from RLN incision dogs PCA muscles had greater expression versus controls ( Z = 1.42, P ＜ 0. 01 ) or anastomosed dogs ( Z = 1.38, P ＜ 0. 01 ). Myf5 mRNA expression from RLN incision dogs PCA muscles had significant increase versus control dogs ( Z = 1.66, P ＜0. 01 ) or anastomosed dogs ( Z = 1.69, P ＜ 0. 01 ). Pax7 mRNA expression from RNL incision dogs had significant increase compared with control ( Z = 1.66, P ＜0. 01 ) or anastomosed animals ( Z = 1.42, P ＜0. 05 ). There was no significant difference in Myogenin ( Z = 1.34, P ＞ 0. 05 ), Myf5 ( Z = 0. 54, P ＞0. 05) and Pax ( Z = 0. 54, P ＞ 0. 05 ) mRNA expression between controls and anastomosed animals.Conclusions The bilateral denervation of RLN cause significantly increasing in dog PCA muscle satellite cell proliferation and differentiation. The bilateral reinnervation of RLN cause PCA muscle satellite cell come back nonproliferative, quiescent state in dog.     

甲状腺手术中解剖喉返神经的意义

目的:探讨甲状腺手术中解剖喉返神经的意义及预防喉返神经损伤的方法.方法:回顾性分析230例行甲状腺手术患者的资料,所有患者均在全身麻醉下进行,行单侧腺叶切除术109例,单侧腺叶加峡部切除术59例,甲状腺次全切除术44例,甲状腺全切除术18例.术中常规解剖显露喉返神经;根据术中病变情况决定手术切除范围,手术前后分别进行喉镜观察声带活动情况.结果:解剖暴露喉返神经共292条(右侧156条,左侧136条);位于气管食管沟内走行者134条,偏离者158条;神经位于下动脉深面通过197例(67.5%),神经位于动脉浅面通过60例(20.5%).神经在动脉分支之间通过24例(8.2%),神经分支与动脉分支交叉穿过者11例(3.8%).喉返神经入喉前分支者185条(63.4%),未分支直接入喉者107条(36.6%).术后8例出现声音嘶哑,经过治疗7例恢复,1例经6个月后对侧声带超越代偿嘶哑改善,无永久性声音嘶哑和呼吸困难.结论:甲状腺手术中解剖喉返神经是防止术后喉返神经损伤的有效方法.     

Impairment of function of the intrinsic laryngeal muscles after regeneration of the recurrent laryngeal nerve

Complete return of laryngeal function, as evidenced by normal excursion of the vocal folds during respiration and phonation, seldom follows division and repair of the laryngeal nerves. In order to investigate this phenomenon further the recurrent laryngeal nerve was sectioned and repaired in five dogs. Some functions of the intrinsic laryngeal muscles in these dogs were observed at intervals following repair of the nerve and compared to other dogs in which the nerve had been crushed or subjected to sustained pressure. Results obtained utilizing a high speed movie camera, electromyographic, and evoked electromyographic techniques, suggest that the reinnervated intrinsic laryngeal muscles showed impaired function when compared with normal muscles. The mechanisms possibly active in causing this reduction of function are discussed.     

神经肌蒂移植同时恢复麻痹声带内收及外展功能的实验研究

目的 探索一种能同时恢复麻痹声带内收及外展功能的治疗方法。方法 对狗一侧喉返神经及喉上神经运动支联合麻痹的喉内肌,采用颈袢胸骨甲状肌肌蒂移植于麻痹环杓后肌,颈袢甲状舌骨肌肌蒂移植于麻痹侧环杓侧肌作为实验组,并仅用颈袢胸骨甲状肌肌蒂移植于麻痹侧环杓后肌作为对照组。术前及术后４个月行声带录像、喉肌电图检测、组织学检查。结果术后４个月所有动物均不同程度地恢复了麻痹声带的生物功能。实验组术侧声带内运动明显