认知行为疗法联合声治疗对慢性特发性耳鸣的疗效及影响因素分析

目的 评价认知行为疗法联合声治疗对慢性特发性耳鸣患者的治疗效果，分析影响疗效的因素。方法 选取2018年6月到2020年6月在乐山市人民医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科诊断为慢性特发性耳鸣并接受认知行为疗法联合声治疗的患者48例，分析患者治疗前后的耳鸣残疾评估量表(tinnitus handicap inventory, THI)和耳鸣严重程度评估量表(tinnitus evaluation questionnaire, TEQ)评分的差异，评估治疗效果，同时分析患者的年龄、性别、文化程度、耳鸣响度、耳鸣频率及听力损失程度是否为影响疗效的独立因素。结果 治疗后48例患者中痊愈5例(10.42%),显效13例(27.08%),有效13例(27.08%),无效17例(35.42%),总有效率64.58%(31/48)。治疗前THI评分为46.96±9.05分，TEQ评分为13.77±2.36分，治疗后THI评分为30.38±14.82分，TEQ评分为9.69±4.20分，治疗前后的THI评分差异和TEQ评分差异均有统计学意义(均为P<0.05)。患者的年龄、性别、耳鸣响度、耳鸣频率及听力损失程度...     

中文版耳鸣致残量表和耳鸣功能指数的检验以及临床应用

目的验证耳鸣致残量表(THI)和耳鸣功能指数(TFI)中文版本的信度和效度,为其在中国的临床推广应用提供依据。方法对100例耳鸣患者进行THI及TFI的调查分析并分别进行信度及效度检验。同时让患者填写流行病研究中心抑郁量表(CES-D)、贝克焦虑量表(BAI)和生活满意度量表(SWLS),将THI和TFI得分分别与这些量表的关系进行相关性分析。结果 100份中文版THI量表的Cronbach’sα=0.939,TFI量表的Cronbach’sα=0.966。THI的探索性因素分析显示了3个因子,其累计方差贡献率为54.637%。TFI的因子分析显示各子量表的信度在0.351到0.859之间。其中84份量表与各心理量表进行相关性分析,结果表明除SWLS量表外,其余量表之间均呈正相关关系。结论中文版本THI和TFI的信度检验显示了很高的内部一致性,具有较高的信度和效度,可用于中国的临床评估耳鸣对患者生活造成的影响,是可靠的耳鸣严重程度的评估工具。     

重复经颅磁刺激(rTMS)治疗慢性主观性耳鸣的短期疗效分析

目的采取1Hz低频重复经颅磁刺激(rTMS)治疗慢性主观性耳鸣并评价其治疗效果。方法对慢性主观性耳鸣患者46例行1Hz低频rTMS连续治疗2周,治疗前后分别行耳鸣残疾量表评分(THI)评分及主观疗效评估。结果rTMS对耳鸣治疗有明显效果,对主观耳鸣症状总体有效率为63.1%,其中失代偿性耳鸣(THI≥40)的有效率明显高于代偿性耳鸣(THI<40)(77%vs 45%;P<0.001),耳鸣患者治疗前后THI为(51.8±23.5 vs 37.0±18.8;t=5.94,p<0.001),VAS为(6.3±2.4 vs 4.9±1.8;t=5.27,p<0.01),治疗前后有统计学差异。失代偿组与代偿组耳鸣rTMS治疗后THI变化存在显著差异,两组差值为19.4±8.5(df=42,T=4.95,P<0.001)。结论rTMS治疗耳鸣有效,可明显降低THI得分,改善耳鸣症状,特别在失代偿性耳鸣效果更明显。     

性别、年龄、听力损失程度与耳鸣严重程度的关系探讨

目的用耳鸣残疾量化表得分评估耳鸣患者耳鸣的严重程度,分析患者的性别、年龄、听力损失程度是否影响耳鸣严重度。方法对97例以耳鸣为第一主诉的主观性耳鸣患者进行系统的耳鼻咽喉科检查、听力学检查和耳鸣残疾评估量表(tinnitus handicap inventory,THI)评分,分析患者的性别、年龄及听力损失程度与THI得分的关系。结果 97例中,男36例,年龄18～78岁(平均47±12.5岁);女61例,年龄15～71岁(平均55±17.6岁),经Wilcoxon秩和检验分析,不同性别间患者的THI得分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),Spearman相关性分析显示,耳鸣患者的年龄、听力损失程度与THI得分之间无明显的相关性(均为P>0.05)。结论耳鸣残疾评估量表得分分析可知耳鸣患者的性别、年龄、听力损失程度对耳鸣严重程度无明显的影响。     

人工耳蜗植入对耳鸣影响的问卷调查研究

目的通过问卷调查研究人工耳蜗植入对耳鸣的影响。方法随机调查人工耳蜗植入成年患者人工耳蜗植入术前是否伴有耳鸣以及术后耳鸣改变情况,通过联合应用"视觉模拟评分法(visual analog scale,VAS)"和"耳鸣致残量表(tinnitus handicap inventory,THI)中文版"对耳鸣进行评估。VAS用于评估耳鸣响度,双耳分别打分;THI用于量化耳鸣对日常生活的影响。要求受试者对术前和术后的耳鸣情况分别打分。结果随机调查人工耳蜗植入成人52例,术前伴有耳鸣30例(57.7%)。单侧人工耳蜗植入术后,自觉耳鸣减轻或消失者25例(83.3%),其中,植入耳同侧耳鸣消失5例,这5例患者中2例患者对侧的耳鸣也消失了,即双侧耳鸣均消失;自觉耳鸣较术前无明显变化3例(10.0%);自觉耳鸣加重2例(6.7%)。VAS耳鸣响度得分:耳蜗植入侧术前得分6.5±2.4,术后得分2.8±2.3(t=6.287,P<0.01);术前对侧得分6.2±1.8,术后对侧得分3.3±2.2(t=4.763,P<0.05)。THI得分:术前得分51.9±27.7,术后得分25.3±25.8(t=4.759,P<0.01)。结论耳鸣在人工耳蜗植入候选人群中具有较高的发生率。人工耳蜗植入术后能够显著缓解耳鸣响度,减少耳鸣对患者日常生活的影响。     

耳鸣掩蔽治疗结合心理治疗的疗效观察

目的 通过比较单纯耳鸣掩蔽治疗与耳鸣掩蔽治疗结合心理治疗的疗效,探讨耳鸣掩蔽治疗结合心理治疗的临床意义.方法 对158例耳鸣患者先进行耳鸣响度匹配后行掩蔽治疗,其中79例患者辅以心理治疗,比较单纯掩蔽治疗组与掩蔽治疗结合心理治疗组耳鸣残疾度量化表(tinnitus handicapinventory,THI)疗效评分.结果 治疗后单纯掩蔽治疗组(79例)THI得分42.8±23.1,耳鸣治疗结合心理治疗组(79例)THI得分28.3±22.5;两组THI评分结果差异有统计学意义(P=0.019).结论 耳鸣掩蔽治疗结合心理治疗较单纯耳鸣掩蔽治疗可以获得更好的临床效果.     

人工耳蜗植入对成人语后聋患者植入侧耳鸣的影响

目的 探究成人语后聋患者人工耳蜗植入术后植入侧耳鸣的变化,并分析其影响因素。方法 2017年1月～2021年12月于郑州大学第一附属医院耳科进行单侧人工耳蜗植入的47例成人语后聋伴耳鸣患者,分别于术前和术后开机6个月进行耳鸣问卷评估,评估材料为耳鸣障碍量表(tinnitus handicap inventory, THI)和视觉模拟量表(visual analogue scale, VAS),比较人工耳蜗植入术后患者耳鸣的变化,并分析其可能的影响因素。结果 47例患者人工耳蜗植入术前、术后开机6个月时THI评分别为36.94±13.337、14.48±12.726分,VAS评分分别为5.13±1.676、2.34±1.903分,术后评分均较术前降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);其中18例患者耳鸣完全消失,13例患者耳鸣减轻,14例患者耳鸣无变化,2例患者耳鸣加重,总体耳鸣有效率为66.0%(31/47);术前耳鸣病程与耳鸣严重程度对术后耳鸣预后有影响(P<0.05),术前耳鸣病程≤5年、中度及以上耳鸣组耳鸣有效率分别高于耳鸣病程>5年(P<0.05)、轻...     

耳鸣评价量表（TEQ）的耳鸣疗效评定新标准探索

目的通过对比耳鸣评价量表(TEQ)治疗前后得分变化和等级变化计算的疗效,并与耳鸣残疾评估量表(THI)的疗效相对比,为TEQ评估耳鸣疗效的评定标准提供参考。方法 TEQ得分疗效是根据国际上使用的标准差/2原则,即治疗前后得分变化≥TEQ初诊得分标准差/2视为治疗有效;TEQ等级疗效是TEQ等级变化≥1级视为治疗有效。THI得分疗效标准分为文献推荐的变化≥7分和变化≥20分,及标准差/2计算的变化≥12分分别视为有效。结果本次调查的165例患者中,按TEQ得分原则(SD/2原则)、TEQ等级原则、THI7分原则、THI12分原则(SD/2原则)及THI20分原则计算的疗效分别为60.00%、49.09%、61.82%、52.73%、及32.73%。通过卡方检验,TEQ得分疗效及TEQ等级疗效与THI7分及THI12分疗效比较均无统计学差异(P>0.005),均明显高于THI20分疗效(P<0.005)。结论使用耳鸣评价量表(TEQ)进行耳鸣疗效评定时,除了通过等级变化外,还可以采用以治疗前后得分变化为基础的疗效评定标准。     

耳鸣残疾量表在耳鸣应用中的现状和分析

耳鸣残疾量表（tinnitus handicap inventory,THI）及其翻译量表是临床诊断耳鸣常用而有效的工具,目前被广泛应用于耳鸣的评估。本文将THI及其翻译量表在耳鸣中的应用进行综述和分析,以便为临床医师和研究者提供有效、实用的参考。     

耳鸣认知压力对耳鸣严重程度的影响

目的 分析耳鸣患者对耳鸣的不正确认识与耳鸣对生活质量影响之间的相关性.方法 选择以耳鸣为第一主诉的192例患者为研究对象,年龄18~83岁,平均45±15.52岁;男99例,女93例,按年龄分为青年组(≤44岁)111例,中年组(45~59岁)42例,老年组(≥60岁)39例;男性患者耳鸣平均时间25.67±37.71月(0.20~216.00月),女性患者耳鸣平均时间27.12±45.42月(0.10~300.00月).所有对象均填写普通话版耳鸣问卷量表(Mandarin tinnitus questionnaire,MTQ)和普通话版耳鸣残疾评估量表(Chinese Mandarin tinnitus handicap inventory,THI-CM),分析MTQ中认知压力(cognitive distress,CD)与耳鸣严重程度之间的相关性.结果 192例患者MTQ平均得分为36.95±20.06分(6.00~88.00分),其中认知压力(问题17、18、23、41、42)平均得分为2.36±2.55分,问题17、18、23、41、42平均分分别为:2.81、2.63、2.59、2.40、2.41.THI-CM平均分为23.89±20.06分(2.00~90.00分),CD和THI-CM的相关系数为0.64(P<0.01),男性和女性CD和THI-CM的相关系数分别为0.63和0.66(P<0.01);青年组、中年组和老年组CD和THI-CM的相关系数分别为0.02、0.07、0.38(P>0.01).THI-CM评分为无残疾、轻度、中度和重度残疾组的CD和THI-CM的相关系数分别为0.30(P<0.01)、0.29(P>0.01)、-0.12(P>0.01)、0.23(P>0.01).结论 本组对象认知压力与耳鸣残疾严重程度之间有一定相关性,认知压力得分随着耳鸣严重程度的增加而增加;男性和女性均表现出相关性,但相关性不强;年龄和认知压力之间无相关性,但随着年龄增长,两者之间的相关系数增大,表明耳鸣患者的生活质量可能随着年龄增加,越容易受到对耳鸣不正确认知的影响.     

耳鸣对患者心理影响分析

目的调查耳鸣对患者造成的心理负担以及影响因素,为临床耳鸣患者咨询提供依据。方法选取四川大学华西医院听力中心收治的针对耳鸣为第一主诉的初诊患者,使用耳鸣评价量表(tinnitus evaluation questionnaire,TEQ)中的两个开放性问题调查耳鸣对患者最大的影响及患者对耳鸣最担心的情况。采用耳鸣残疾量表(tinnitus handicap inventory,THI)和TEQ评估耳鸣严重程度。结果共调查214例耳鸣患者,其中男性90例(42.06%),女性124例(57.94%)。患者中55.14%(118例)认为耳鸣主要影响情绪,26.17%(56例)认为耳鸣主要影响睡眠。对耳鸣,患者最担心的前3项依次是听力下降或耳聋(33.64%)、耳鸣治不好(32.24%)以及因耳鸣而担心其它健康问题(16.36%)。两组患者对耳鸣有或没有担心在基础疾病以及耳鸣严重程度得分方面具有显著差异(P<0.05)。结论耳鸣容易影响患者情绪,尤其是有基础疾病且耳鸣较严重的患者更易对耳鸣产生担心。患者最担心听力下降、耳鸣预后以及可能的潜在健康问题。针对患者的担忧予以疏解指导有利于促进耳鸣者康复。     

Reliability and validity of the chinese (mandarin) tinnitus handicap inventory

Objectives

The Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) is a commonly used self-reporting tinnitus questionnaire. We undertook this study to determine the reliability and validity of the Chinese-Mandarin version of the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI-CM) for measuring tinnitus-related handicaps.

Methods

We tested the test-retest reliability, internal reliability, and construct validity of the THI-CM. Two-hundred patients seeking treatment for primary or secondary tinnitus in Southwest China were asked to complete THI-CM prior to clinical evaluation. Patients were evaluated by a clinician using standard methods, and 40 patients were asked to complete THI-CM a second time 14±3 days after the initial interview.

Results

The test-retest reliability of THI-CM was high (Pearson correlation, 0.98), as was the internal reliability (Cronbach''s α, 0.93). Factor analysis indicated that THI-CM has a unifactorial structure.

Conclusion

The THI-CM version is reliable. The total score in THI-CM can be used to measure tinnitus-related handicaps in Mandarin-speaking populations.     

The Tinnitus Handicap Inventory: a study of validity and reliability

Our aim was to compose a Turkish version of the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI). Each of two individuals independently translated and retranslated the English version of the THI, and it was adapted by an expert team. The Turkish version of the THI was completed by 110 tinnitus patients. We assessed the internal consistency and reliability of the Turkish version by Cronbach's alpha. We assessed test-retest reliability with a second investigation in 21 patients. We assessed construct validity by analyzing the patients according to their age and to tinnitus duration. Internal validity was tested by multi-item analysis, to assess item convergence and discriminant validity. We obtained high internal consistency and reliability with the Cronbach's alpha coefficient (0.88) and high intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC, 0.78-0.90). Test-retest correlation coefficient scores were highly significant. The Turkish version of the THI is a highly consistent and reliable measure that can be used in evaluating symptoms in tinnitus patients.     

Adaptation of the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory into Polish and its testing on a clinical population of tinnitus sufferers

Objective: To describe how the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) was translated into Polish (THI-POL) and to present psychometric data on how well it performed in a clinical population of tinnitus sufferers. Design: The original version of THI was adapted into Polish. The reliability of THI-POL was investigated using test–retest, Cronbach’s alpha, endorsement rate and item–total correlation. Construct validity and convergent validity were also assessed based on confirmatory factor analysis, inter-item correlation and Pearson product-moment correlations using subscale A (Tinnitus) of the Tinnitus and Hearing Survey (THS-POL); divergent validity was checked using subscale B (Hearing) of THS-POL. Study sample: A group of 167 adults filled in THI-POL twice over their three-day hospitalisation period. Results: Test–retest reliability for the total THI-POL scores was strong (r?=?0.91). Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for the total score was high (r?=?0.95), confirming the questionnaire’s stability. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and inter-item correlation did not confirm the three-factor model. Convergent validity from the Tinnitus subscale of THS showed a positive strong (r?=?0.75) correlation. Divergent validity showed only a moderate correlation. All analyses were statistically significant (p?< 0.01). Conclusions: THI-POL is a valid and reliable self-administered tool, which allows the overall tinnitus handicap of Polish-speaking patients to be effectively assessed.     

A Swedish cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Tinnitus Functional Index

Objective: The Tinnitus Functional Index (TFI) is a recent self-report instrument for tinnitus with potential advantages over other existing instruments, including a demonstrated high responsiveness. The objectives of this study were to translate and cross-culturally adapt the TFI into Swedish and to investigate its validity and reliability. Design: The development of the Swedish version (TFI-SE) followed published guidelines on cross-cultural adaptation of health questionnaires. Validity and reliability was investigated by correlating responses on the TFI-SE with other tinnitus measures [Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) and visual analogue scale (VAS)] and a scale measuring anxiety and depression (HADS). Study sample: Consecutively recruited tinnitus patients (n?=?100) from four Swedish clinics completed the questionnaires. The mean age of the sample was 51 years (SD =17). Results: The internal consistency of the TFI-SE was good (α?=?0.95) and the test–retest reliability was high (ICC =0.93). Our results supported the eight-factor structure proposed for the original TFI, and a high correlation between the TFI-SE and the THI (r?=?0.8; p?r?=?0.60; p?r?=?0.59; p?Conclusions: We found that the Swedish translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the TFI is valid and reliable for use with adult tinnitus patients.     

突发性聋伴耳鸣患者耳鸣特征

目的 分析研究突发性聋伴耳鸣患者的耳鸣特点、耳鸣与听力损失的关系、耳鸣对患者的影响程度, 探讨突聋患者耳鸣的产生机制。 方法 突发性聋伴有耳鸣患者231例常规采集病史, 填写耳鸣致残量表(THI)及视觉模拟得分表(VAS), 同时进行纯音听阈测试、耳声发射、耳鸣检测及掩蔽试验等检查。分析患者的耳鸣特点、耳鸣与听力的关系、耳鸣的THI及VAS得分以及它们特点。 结果 ①听力损失特点：低中频下降型20例(占8.7%), 中高频下降型60例(占26.0%), 平坦型44例(占19.0%), 全聋型79例(占34.2%), 不规则型28例(占12.1%);②耳鸣频率:低频耳鸣(≤500 Hz)49例(占21.2%), 中频耳鸣(51～2 000 Hz)54例(23.4%), 高频耳鸣(>2 000 Hz)122例(52.8%), 未匹配6例(占2.6%)。其中听力损失类型为低中频下降型的患者中, 低频、中频、高频耳鸣的比例分别为75%、15%、10%;中高频下降型患者中, 低频、中频、高频耳鸣的比例分别为13.3%、26.7%、60.0%;全聋型患者中, 低频、中频、高频耳鸣的比例分别为17.1%、19.0%、63.3%。听力下降最明显的频率对数与耳鸣频率对数呈线性关系, r=0.592, P<0.01;③耳鸣响度:0～30 dB HL 45例(占19.5%), 31～60 dB HL 60例(占26.0%), 60～90 dB HL 102例(占44.2%), 大于90 dB HL 18例(占27.8%), 未匹配6例(占2.6%)。耳鸣响度与听力损失程度(250～4 000 Hz平均听阈)有相关性, 相关系数r=0.216, P=0.001<0.05。④耳鸣致残级别:按照Newman等依据THI得分将耳鸣残疾分级, 其中1级27例(占11.7%), 2级耳鸣44例(占19.0%), 3级66例(占28.6%), 4级94例(占40.7%)。⑤THI及VAS得分特点:THI得分与听力损失程度无相关性r=0.087, P=0.287>0.05。VAS得分与听力损失程度无相关性r=0.002, P=0.982>0.05。THI得分与耳鸣频率对数无相关性, 相关系数r=-0.056, P=0.402>0.05。VAS得分与耳鸣频率对数无相关性, 相关系数r=-0.003, P=0.970>0.05。THI得分与耳鸣响度无相关性, 相关系数r=0.039, P=0.563>0.05。VAS得分与耳鸣响度无相关性, 相关系数r=0.136, P=0.110>0.05。结论 ①突发性聋伴耳鸣患者中高频耳鸣最常见;②耳鸣频率与听力损失类型显著相关, 低中频下降型以低频耳鸣多见, 而中高频下降型及全聋型以高频耳鸣多见;③听力损失最大的频率与耳鸣的频率有较高的一致性;④突发性聋伴耳鸣患者急性期的耳鸣致残程度以3～4级为多;⑤THI及VAS得分与听力损失的程度、耳鸣的频率、耳鸣的响度均无相关性。     

耳鸣严重程度评估方法的研究

目的探讨合理评估耳鸣严重程度的方法。方法对219例初诊耳鸣患者分别应用耳鸣程度评分法及THI（tinnitus handicap inventory,THI）评分法进行严重程度评估,对两种方法评估的总分及其子项目评分进行相关性分析。结果耳鸣程度评分法与THI评分法的相关系数为0.73（P〈0.001）,按耳鸣程度评分法进行的严重程度分级与THI评分呈正相关,耳鸣程度评分法中耳鸣对情绪的影响及耳鸣对工作和生活、睡眠的影响分别与THI评分中的情绪性评分及功能性评分具有较高的相关性（相关系数分别为0.674、0.703）。耳鸣程度评分法中耳鸣对情绪、工作和生活、睡眠的影响及严重性自我评分4个子项目与总分的相关性较大,耳鸣出现的环境及持续时间2个子项目与总分的相关性较小。结论耳鸣程度评分法与THI评分法的评估理念基本一致,结果相似,但前者更为简单实用,今后可进一步改良部分指标的权重。     

Evaluation of tinnitus retraining therapy for patients with normal audiograms versus patients with hearing loss

Objective

A few chronic tinnitus patients show normal hearing thresholds in the pure tone audiometry from 125 Hz to 8000 Hz (≤20 dB). We report the characteristics of the course of those patients underwent tinnitus retraining therapy (TRT) compared with other patients suffering from chronic and severe tinnitus.

Short Term Effects of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Patients with Catastrophic Intractable Tinnitus: Preliminary Report

Objectives

The short-term effects of low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in the patients with catastrophic and intractable tinnitus were investigated.

Methods

Fifteen participants were recruited among patients with catastrophic intractable tinnitus to receive 1 Hz rTMS treatment. Tinnitus severity was assessed before rTMS and directly after sham or real rTMS using the tinnitus handicap inventory (THI) and visual analog scale (VAS).

Results

There was no statistical difference in the THI score before and after sham stimulation. However, after 5 replications of real rTMS there was statistically significant reduction in THI score. Eight patients showed a decrease of more than 10 in THI score. Patients who showed a vast change in THI score after rTMS also showed a large decrease in their VAS score (r=0.879, P<0.001). Duration of tinnitus and change of THI score showed statistically significant moderate negative correlation (r=-0.637, P=0.011). But in case of VAS, there was no significant difference between VAS and duration of tinnitus.

Conclusion

Among total 15 patients with catastrophic intractable chronic tinnitus, eight patients showed some improvement in symptoms after 1 Hz rTMS. rTMS can be considered management modality for intractable tinnitus even with distress as severe as catastrophic stage.