语前聋患儿一侧人工耳蜗对侧助听器效果分析

目的:通过对人工耳蜗植入对侧耳不同听力损失的患儿联合使用助听器与人工耳蜗语前聋患儿的听觉、语言及学习能力进行评估和比较,探索对患儿更为有效的助听方法,帮助患儿获得最大限度的言语交流。方法:将30例3～6岁语前聋患儿按照植入人工耳蜗对侧耳听力损失程度及是否佩戴助听器,分为一侧人工耳蜗+对侧重度听力损失助听器组(CI+SHA组)、一侧人工耳蜗+对侧极重度听力损失助听器组(CI+PHA组)、单耳人工耳蜗组(CI组)。评估各组在康复3、6、9、12、15、18个月时听觉、语言及学习能力,并记录结果。结果:随着术后康复时间的延长,聋儿听觉、语言及学习能力逐渐提高(P<0.05),CI+SHA组听觉能力优于CI+PHA组及CI组(均P<0.05),语言能力及学习能力无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论:语前聋患儿单耳人工耳蜗植入后,若对侧耳尚有残余听力,佩戴助听器后听觉能力效果显著,长期佩戴有助于患儿的康复。     

极重度感音神经性聋佩戴助听器与人工耳蜗植入患儿残余听力的比较分析

目的:通过回顾性比较分析极重度感音神经性聋患儿接受佩戴助听器和人工耳蜗植入手术2种不同干预方式人群的听力学评估参数,探讨极重度感音神经性聋患儿有效残余听力的临床判断方法.方法:选取听力学评估和言语康复训练资料完整的22例双耳极重度感音神经性聋患儿,其中10例佩戴助听器并接受超过3个月的言语康复训练,另外12例接受人工耳蜗植入手术,其中有10例年龄区间与佩戴助听器组一致.佩戴助听器组患儿,根据言语康复训练效果分为良好(7例)和较差(3例),分别统计其佩戴助听器前ASSR和听力言语康复训练期间裸耳纯音测听在500、1000、2000、4000 Hz 4个频点的听阈阈值情况.年龄与佩戴助听器组一致的10例接受人工耳蜗植入术患儿,根据术前有否佩戴助听器情况,分为曾佩戴助听器但听力言语康复效果差者(5例)和未接受佩戴助听器者(5例),分别统计其佩戴助听器前和(或)手术前的ASSR在500、1000、2000、4000 Hz 4个频点的听阈阈值情况.结果:①ASSR的阈值情况.佩戴助听器且言语康复训练效果良好的7例(14耳)患儿,平均每耳有2.71个频点可引出ASSR反应,所引出的ASSR平均阈值为(110.92±7.43 )dB HL;佩戴助听器言语康复训练效果较差的3例患儿,再加上曾佩戴助听器但听力言语康复效果差而接受人工耳蜗植入术的5例,共8例(16耳),平均每耳只有1.06个频点可引出ASSR反应,所引出的ASSR平均阈值为(110.88±8.52 )dB HL.②裸耳纯音测听情况.佩戴助听器且言语康复训练效果良好的7例(14耳)患儿,所测频点的平均听阈为(96.11±7.81) dB HL;其中,每耳平均有3个频率点的裸耳纯音测听阈值≤100 dB HL.而在效果差的3例(6耳)患儿中,所测频点的平均听阈为(112.19±5.15) dB HL,裸耳纯音测听阈值≤100 dB HL耳的数量为0.结论:500、1000、2000、4000 Hz 各频率引出ASSR的频点数量和裸耳纯音测听阈值≤100 dB HL的数量,是临床上判断极重度感音神经性聋患儿有否存在可利用助听残余听力的有效指标.     

人工耳蜗咨询问题解答（3）

为什么人工耳蜗术前要进行听力康复训练？ 人工耳蜗植入后可使聋人获得听觉,但要达到识别语言,运用语言（语前聋儿童）,需要逐渐熟悉和学习人工耳蜗所提供的新的听觉信息,尤其是对于聋哑儿童需要一个长期的听力语言康复过程。因此,为了选择患者是否适合接受人工耳蜗植入,以及为使人工耳蜗植入后发挥更大的作用,需要进行术前听力康复训练。术前听力康复的重要内容就是佩带助听器训练。对于语前聋患儿,学会配合听力检测尤其重要。人工耳蜗手术有危险吗？ 人工耳蜗的手术主要是将人工耳蜗内植部件植入耳后的颅骨外皮下,将电极组插入耳…     

成人语前聋和语后聋人工耳蜗植入效果分析

目的分析成人人工耳蜗植入术后听觉及言语康复效果情况,探讨成人行人工耳蜗植入适应症的选择。方法对中国医科大学附属第一医院耳鼻咽喉科收治的18岁以上行人工耳蜗植入术患者52例进行测试,分为语前聋无干预组(9例)、语前聋佩戴助听器组(27例)、语后聋(16例)三组。采用声场助听听阈测试、电刺激听觉反应阈值(Threshold,THR)、最大舒适阈值(Maximum comfort level,MCL)评价其声音感知能力;采用普通话言语测听材料MSTMs中双音节词表评价其言语分辨能力。分别在开机6个月及24个月进行评估。结果开机6个月后三组声场助听阈值、THR、MCL均值无统计学差异。双音节识别率在开机6个月时语前聋无干预组8.78%、语前聋助听器组16.44%、语后聋组53.13%;在开机24个月时各组双音节识别率均上升,语前聋无干预组达18.22%、语前聋助听器组达52.89%、语后聋组达84.31%,语前聋助听器组提高明显。结论成人语前聋患者术后可获得与语后聋相近的听觉感知水平,长期使用人工耳蜗可加强言语识别能力,对术前有听觉言语基础的成人语前聋患者应积极行人工耳蜗植入术。     

人工耳蜗植入大龄青年听觉康复个案分析

目的通过1例人工耳蜗植入大龄青年听觉康复实践,探索成年听障患者人工耳蜗植入后听觉训练的方法,旨在为有一定听力语言基础大龄语前聋青年的人工耳蜗术后康复训练提供参考依据。方法采用业余指导的方法和技巧,以患者自主感受、反馈、纠错的康复训练形式为主,定时进行辅导和评估。结果经过4个月听觉康复训练,个案言语识别平均值从术前84．3%高到99．6％;选择性听取平均识别率从术前82％提高到100％。人工耳蜗与助听器同时配戴,听力补偿效果更佳。结论有一定听力语言基础、长期配戴助听器的大龄语前聋青年,在正确认识人工耳蜗期望值的基础上可植入人工耳蜗,经过正确的听力语言康复训练,可以达到听力重建的效果,提高其听辨能力和言语清晰度,增强适应社会环境及交往的能力。     

语前聋患者人工耳蜗植入术后听觉能力评估

目的通过对129例极重度语前聋患者人工耳蜗植入术后声母、韵母、单音节及双音节词识别能力的评估,研究人工耳蜗植入术后患者的听觉康复效果及相关影响因素。方法选用《听力障碍儿童听觉、语言能力评估标准及方法》作为测试材料,分别测试患者的声母、韵母、单音节词、双音节词识别率,用各分项评估结果的均值代表总体听觉能力,进而研究康复时间、植入年龄、术前配戴助听器经验及性别对听觉能力的影响。结果随着康复时间的延长,听觉能力各分项得分逐渐提高（P〈0．05）。术前、术后6个月及术后1年低龄组与大龄组间总体听觉能力差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,术后3个月两组间差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。人工耳蜗植入术前、术后3个月、6个月及1年,男、女组之间总体听觉能力差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,配戴助听器组与未配戴助听器组间总体听觉能力差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论人工耳蜗植入能提高语前聋患者的听觉能力。植入时间越长,听觉康复效果越好。植入时年龄越小,术后听觉能力进步越快。大龄语前聋患者植入人工耳蜗后听觉能力仍能获得一定的改善。术前短时间配戴助听器对于极重度语前聋患者术后听觉能力康复无明显帮助。     

语前聋患儿6岁前与6岁后植入人工耳蜗效果的比较

目的比较6岁前与6岁后两个年龄组语前聋患儿人工耳蜗植入术后的听觉言语康复的效果. 方法对31例语前聋人工耳蜗植入患儿,术后随访0.5～4年,按手术年龄分成A组(1.0～5.9岁)和B组(6.0～17.9岁),进行术后的听觉和言语识别率的评估. 结果 31例语前聋人工耳蜗植入患儿全部手术成功,全部建立了主观听性反应.A组的纯音听力水平平均为30dBSPL,开放式言语识别率平均为90%.B组的纯音听力水平平均为36dBSPL,开放式言语识别率平均为85%. 结论植入人工耳蜗的语前聋患儿1.0～5.9岁与6.0～17.9岁比较,在术后的言语识别率和语言清晰度两方面的听觉言语康复效果有显著性差异,年龄越小效果越好.因此,为达到满意的听觉言语康复效果,人工耳蜗植入的时机最好在6岁之前.     

不同听觉补偿方式下听障儿童的听觉言语康复效果比较

目的比较选配助听器与人工耳蜗植入术后听障儿童的听觉言语康复效果,探讨不同听觉补偿方式对其听觉言语康复效果的影响。方法选取32例6~43月龄选配助听器或人工耳蜗植入后的重度及极重度感音神经性语前聋患儿为研究对象,其中助听器组18名,人工耳蜗组14名,两组的听力损失程度无统计学差异,均在干预1年内进行相同的听觉言语康复训练,使用声场测听测试助听听阈;使用婴幼儿有意义听觉整合量表评估干预前及干预后3、6、9、12个月时的听觉能力;采用《听障儿童听觉言语能力评估》测试两组康复训练前后的言语能力。结果两组患儿助听听阈均优于助听前,但人工耳蜗组各频率助听听阈显著优于助听器组(P<0.05);两组听觉能力得分均随听觉补偿时间的延长而提高(P<0.05);助听器组在干预后9个月的听觉能力得分明显高于干预前、干预3个月及干预6个月(P<0.05);人工耳蜗组在术后6个月的听觉能力得分高于术前及术后3个月(P<0.05);人工耳蜗组在干预后6、9、12个月的听觉能力得分均高于助听器组(P<0.05);两组助听后康复级别及言语年龄均高于助听前,人工耳蜗组康复级别及言语年龄均高于助听器组(P<0.05)。结论对于极重度以上感音神经性聋婴幼儿,人工耳蜗植入者听觉言语康复效果优于助听器选配者。     

内耳畸形人工耳蜗植入术后听力言语康复效果分析

目的：使用听觉和言语问卷分级及术后产生听觉的最小电流值（T值）的方法,评估并比较内耳畸形与正常解剖结构语前聋患儿人工耳蜗植入术后的听觉言语康复效果。方法：按术前影像学检查将语前聋人工耳蜗植入患儿分为正常结构组和内耳畸形组,并配对组合,对思儿家长进行问卷形式调查随访,对术后听力及言语康复效果进行评估分析,记录术后1年凋机T值。用秩和检验比较2组听觉行为分级标准（CAP）、言语可懂度分级标准（SIR）结果及T值。结果：人工耳蜗植入患儿家长术前主要担心术后效果不理想及手术并发症的发生,多数认为听力言语康复训练应由医疗机构进行;秩和检验显示：2组CAP及SIR均无显著差异,术后1年调机时产生听觉的T值无显著差异。结论：①内耳畸形患儿人工耳蜗植入术后,经正规康复训练,听力言语康复效果与内耳解剖结构正常植入者相同,人工耳蜗植入术可帮助伴耳蜗畸形的极重度感音神经性聋患者重建听力,重返主流社会;②听力言语康复训练尚有很多方面需要改进。     

部分农村地区双侧重度聋患儿干预状况调查

目的了解部分农村地区双侧重度聋患儿的听力干预、语训及言语发育状况。方法研究对象为2004年6月～2008年7月在河南省安阳市妇幼保健院、江西省九江市妇幼保健院及山东省莱州市人民医院诊断为双侧重度聋的61例患儿（年龄2～72个月,中位数为14个月）。设计调查问卷表．通过电话随访,对患儿是否选配助听器或行人工耳蜗植入术及听力言语训练、言语发育和交流能力等情况进行调查。结果61例患儿中选配助听器者33例54．10％,33／61）．其中助听后语训者10例（30．30％,10／33）,助听后无语训者23例（69．70％,23／33）;人工耳蜗植入者2例（3．28％,2／61）;未选配助听器、未行人工耳蜗植入者26例（42．62％,26／61）。2例人工耳蜗植入者言语发育良好,33例配戴助听器的患儿中2例言语发育较好,31例存在不同程度的言语障碍。26例末行助听器配戴及人工耳蜗植入者均为聋哑状态。结论在农村地区,重度聋患儿未接受听力干预和语训者比例高,言语障碍明显,加强对聋儿家长进行佩戴助听器和言语训练必要性的宣传和教育至天重要。     

Role of neck ultrasound during follow-up care of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas

Cantonese language rehabilitation in 28 prelingually deaf children who underwent cochlear implantation was evaluated. All patients were implanted with multichannel devices and the operations went smoothly. They all had improved scores on audiological assessments and speech perception tests. The speech evaluation tests included the recognition of sounds, vowels, consonants and tone. Sentence recognition and story comprehension were both improved after training for 2 years. Cochlear implantation is a useful measure for the speech rehabilitation of prelingually profound deaf children when hearing aids are of no benefit. The multichannel implant device is of clinical significance in the rehabilitation of those patients using tonal language.     

Chinese tonal language rehabilitation following cochlear implantation in children

Cantonese language rehabilitation in 28 prelingually deaf children who underwent cochlear implantation was evaluated. All patients were implanted with multichannel devices and the operations went smoothly. They all had improved scores on audiological assessments and speech perception tests. The speech evaluation tests included the recognition of sounds, vowels, consonants and tone. Sentence recognition and story comprehension were both improved after training for 2 years. Cochlear implantation is a useful measure for the speech rehabilitation of prelingually profound deaf children when hearing aids are of no benefit. The multichannel implant device is of clinical significance in the rehabilitation of those patients using tonal language.     

Cochlear implantation on prelingually deafened adults

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the validity of cochlear implantation (CI) on prelingually deafened adults who have been trained by auditory-verbal/oral communication since childhood. METHODS: Preoperative and postoperative data was investigated regarding the rehabilitation, hearing level, and educational experience of eight prelingually deafened adults. All eight patients were diagnosed with severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss (preoperative hearing levels were over 100 dB). All used hearing aids (HA) before the age of two and were trained by auditory-verbal/oral communication since childhood. The average age of the patients at the time of their CI operations was 23.3 ranging from 18 to 29 years of age. The average postoperative observation time was 55.4 months ranging from 11 to 90 months. RESULTS: Improvement was achieved not only on the pure-tone hearing threshold, but also in speech perception on tests using the Japanese video speech discrimination score (SDS) system. All of them now use CI very well in their daily lives and play important roles in society. CONCLUSION: It was demonstrated that even prelingually deafened adult patients could achieve considerable improvement through CI when they were trained well by auditory-verbal/oral communications since childhood. The indications of CI for prelingually deafened adults must be determined carefully, but all of them do not have to be rejected only because they are prelingually deafened. In other words, CI could be recommended for prelingually deafened adult patients if they received habilitation well with consistent auditory-verbal/oral training using well-fitted HAs.     

视频分析法在人工耳蜗术后康复中应用的可行性研究

目的探讨视频分析法在我国人工耳蜗术后康复中应用的可行性,为术后制订康复教育计划及监控康复效果提供新方法。方法采用视频分析法,对74名语前聋人工耳蜗植入儿童（手术年龄为15～77个月,平均41.5个月;人工耳蜗开机时间为1～18个月,平均4.6个月）的前语言交流行为进行评估,相关数据采用SPSS 16.0软件进行分析。结果视频分析法的评分者间信度肯德尔系数均为W〉0.900、评分者内部信度相关系数均为R〉0.900,重测信度相关系数均为R〉0.800,均达到显著水平（P〈0.01）;听说组合因子与开机后12个月、24个月的听觉行为和言语可懂度显著相关（P〈0.05）。结论视频分析法在我国人工耳蜗术后康复中的推广应用具有较强的可行性,人工耳蜗植入儿童的前语言交流行为能够预测术后听觉言语的发展。     

先天性语前聋中国儿童双耳人工耳蜗植入疗效观察

目的：评估双侧耳人工耳蜗植入对极重度感音神经性语前聋患儿的听觉与言语康复疗效。方法：2例先天性极重度感音神经性聋儿童，单侧耳人工耳蜗植入术后2年和3年分别施行对侧耳人工耳蜗植入。术后1年评估患儿左、右耳单耳及双耳人工耳蜗助听听阈和言语识别率。以及言语清晰度。结果：①双耳人工耳蜗助听与单耳人工耳蜗助听相比。平均听阈降低分别为13dB和11dB；②在安静环境中双耳人工耳蜗植入儿童的言语识别率(开放项列)分别平均提高为9％和10％，2例双耳人工耳蜗植入儿童的言语识别率(开放项列)分别达97％和95％；③在嘈杂环境中对言语的识别能力明显提高；④言语清晰度有明显改善。结论：双耳人工耳蜗植入可明显提高极重度感音神经性语前聋患儿在安静和噪声环境下的言语识别率，对语前聋儿童的言语和语言发育有明显的帮助。     

Cochlear implantation in prelingually deafened children with residual hearing

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine the speech perception skills of prelingually deafened French children with preoperative residual hearing who received multichannel cochlear implants. DESIGN: The design of the study incorporated a within-subject, repeated measures design for assessing speech perception skills. SETTING: Montpellier, Toulouse and Lyon Pediatric Cochlear Implant Centers. SUBJECTS: Seven prelingually deafened children demonstrating marginal benefit from conventional amplification prior to implantation with a Nucleus multichannel cochlear implant, served as subjects for the speech perception assessment (a speech recognition score less than 30% defines marginal benefit from acoustic amplification on open set materials). The mean age at implantation was 7 years, 9 months. OUTCOME MEASURES: Speech perception skills were assessed using open set materials and the MUSS and MAIS questionnaires. RESULTS: Open-set speech recognition averaged 21.4% before implantation, and 83.6% after 1 year's cochlear implant experience. All children demonstrated an open-set score over 60% after 12 months of CI use. MAIS test scores averaged 18.1/40 before implantation and 35.1/40 after 9 months of CI use. MUSS test scores averaged 24.4/40 before implantation and 34.1/40 after 9 months of CI use. CONCLUSIONS: Cochlear implantation should be considered for prelingually hearing impaired children demonstrating marginal benefit from hearing aids, with a speech recognition score less than 30% on open set materials, in order to improve their speech discrimination skills.     

大前庭水管语前聋患儿的人工耳蜗植入

目的探讨大前庭水管语前聋患儿人工耳蜗植入手术方法及可行性,并对术后听觉言语康复效果进行评估。方法回顾性分析2001年7月～2011年9月收治的27例大前庭水管语前聋患儿的临床资料,均为极重度聋或全聋,其中男19例,女8例,年龄1.6～4.0岁,平均2.5岁。均行右耳人工耳蜗植入,于术后6个月行声场测听,测试言语频率平均听阈,开机训练1年后,进行限定词表言语测听及非限定词表言语测听评估听力康复效果。结果 27例患儿中,术中发生"井喷"者4例,经术中采用小块肌肉或筋膜严密封堵电极周围空隙,有效防止了外淋巴漏。术后经开机康复训练6个月后,声场测听言语频率平均听阈为25～30dB nHL,平均27.5±4.5dBnHL;开机训练1年后,限定词表言语测听言语识别率平均为83.3%,非限定词表言语测听言语识别率平均为81.6%。结论大前庭水管语前聋患者可行人工耳蜗植入;术前完善的影像学评估、良好的手术视野以及术中严密封堵电极周围空隙是预防"井喷"及手术成功的关键;术后听觉言语康复效果满意。     

Cochlear implant in patients with residual hearing

Objective: The postoperative speech perception abilities of severely hearing-impaired patients with multi-channel cochlear implant were compared with preoperative speech perception performance with conventional hearing aids. Methods: Cochlear implantation was performed in six severely to profoundly hearing-impaired patients. They had unaided pure-tone thresholds of 70–100-dB HL and aided thresholds of 35–90-dB HL in the better ear, but were not able to perceive speech sounds well with hearing aids. Results: Postoperatively, all the patients had significantly improved speech perception performance, exceeded the average skills of profoundly deaf cochlear implant users, and were able to communicate without writing. Conclusion: These results imply that cochlear implant may be indicated for severely to profoundly deaf subjects, if they receive little or no benefit from conventional hearing aids.     

多导人工耳蜗的临床应用

目的：探讨多导人工耳蜗植入对深度感音神经性耳聋患者的治疗效果。方法;对１１例深度耳聋患者行Ｍｉｎｓｉ Ｓｙｓｔｅｍ ２２导和Ｎｕｃｌｅｕｓ２４导人工耳蜗植入术,其中语前聋６例,语后聋５例。术后１－１．５个月开机调试。结果;１１例虱全部恢复了听力;语后聋患者不需要经过唇读或简单的语言训练就能进行对话和打电话,患者能回到有声世界进行正常的生活和工作;