玄参的脂溶性化学成分

目的：研究中药玄参(Scrophularia　ningpoensis　Hemsl.)脂溶性部位的化学成分。方法：利用溶剂提取和硅胶等色谱方法对玄参乙醚可溶部位进行分离纯化,通过化学和光谱方法鉴定结构。结果：共分得10个化合物,分别鉴定为3-O-乙酰基-2-O-阿魏酰基-α-L-鼠李糖(I),3-O-乙酰基-2-O-对羟基肉桂酰基-α-L-鼠李糖(II),肉桂酸(III),4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯甲酸(IV),对甲氧基肉桂酸(V),4-羟基-3-甲氧基肉桂酸(VI),5-羟甲基糠醛(VII),熊果酸(VIII),β-谷甾醇(IX),β-谷甾醇葡糖苷(X)。结论：化合物I,II为新化合物。化合物IV,V,VII,VIII为首次从该植物中分得。玄参脂溶性部位含有较多的酚性化合物。     

中药大血藤的酚性化合物

目的对中药大血藤干燥藤茎的化学成分进行研究。方法采用现代色谱技术分离化合物，运用现代波谱技术(IR，MS，¹H NMR，¹³C NMR，²DNMR)对所得化合物的结构进行鉴定。结果从大血藤的藤茎中分得10个酚类化合物，分别鉴定为1-O-(香草酸)-6-(3″,5″-二-O-甲基-没食子酰基)-β-D-葡糖苷(I)、(-)-表儿茶素(II)、阿魏酸-对羟基苯乙醇酯(III)、3-O-咖啡酰奎宁酸(IV)、3-O-咖啡酰奎宁酸甲酯(V)、罗布麻宁(VI)、香草酸(VII)、原儿茶酸(VIII)、3,4-二羟基-苯乙醇(IX)、4-羟基-苯乙醇(X)。结论化合物I为新化合物，化合物III～VI和VIII～X为首次从该植物中分得。     

喙果黑面神化学成分研究

目的研究大戟科植物喙果黑面神(Breynia rostrata Merr.)的化学成分。方法利用硅胶、凝胶等色谱技术分离纯化化学成分,根据化合物的理化性质和光谱数据进行结构鉴定。结果从喙果黑面神的正丁醇萃取部分分离得到4个化合物,分别鉴定为6-O-甲基丙酰基-α-D-吡喃葡糖(6-O-methylpropanoyl-α-D-glucopyranose,1);4″-苯酚基-6-O-甲基丙酰基-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(4″-phenolic-6-O-methylpropanoyl-β-D-glucopyranoside,2);1-O-没食子酰基-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(1-O-galloyl-β-D-glucopyranoside,3);熊果苷(arbutin,4)。结论化合物1和2为新化合物,3和4均为首次从该种植物分离得到。     

银杏叶中的黄酮醇苷类成分

目的　对银杏（Ginkgo biloba L.）叶的化学成分进行分离、鉴定。方法　采用各种色谱技术进行分离,用IR,UV,MS,¹HNMR,¹³CNMR和2DNMR光谱技术确定化合物的结构。结果　分得8个黄酮醇苷类成分：槲皮素-3-O-β-D-葡糖苷（1）,山奈酚-3-O-β-D-葡糖苷（2）,芦丁（3）,山奈酚-3-O-β-D-芸香糖苷（4）,异鼠李素-3-O-β-D-芸香糖苷（5）,槲皮素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖基(1-2)-α-L-鼠李糖苷（6）,山奈酚-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖基(1-2)-α-L-鼠李糖苷（7）,异鼠李素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖基(1-2)-α-L-鼠李糖苷（8）。结论　化合物8为新化合物。     

(9S)-12-亚甲基红霉素衍生物的合成及体外抗菌活性

目的合成新的具有抗菌活性的红霉素衍生物。方法以红霉素为原料，合成中间体2′-O,4″-O-二苯甲酰基-(9S)-9-O,11-O-异丙基-12-亚甲基红霉素与6,7-去氢-2′-O,4″-O-二苯甲酰基-(9S)-9-O,11-O-异丙基-12-亚甲基红霉素，进而合成相应(9S)-9-O,11-O-亚乙基-12-亚甲基衍生物。产物结构经¹³C NMR,FAB-MS确证。对所得化合物进行体外抗菌活性测定。结果制备11个红霉素衍生物，其中5个未见文献报道。化合物9和12进行了体外抗菌活性测定。结论化合物9和12表现出较弱的抗菌活性。     

升麻地上部分皂苷类成分研究

目的为开发中药升麻(Cimicifuga foetida L.)的地上部分资源,从中寻找新的天然活性成分。方法利用各种色谱技术进行分离纯化,根据理化性质和各种波谱技术辅以化学方法进行结构鉴定。结果从80%的乙醇提取物中分得5个升麻三萜皂苷类成分。分别鉴定为:乙酰升麻醇-3-O-α-L-阿拉伯糖苷(1),乙酰升麻醇-3-O-β-D-木糖苷(2),25-脱水升麻醇-3-O-β-D-木糖苷(3),升麻醇-3-O-α-L-阿拉伯糖苷(4),升麻醇-3-O-β-D-木糖苷(5)。结论1为新化合物,2和4为首次从该植物中分得。     

3,5-O-二咖啡酰基奎宁酸的稳定性和抗氧化活性研究

目的 考察影响化合物3,5-O-二咖啡酰基奎宁酸稳定性的因素并对3,5-O-二咖啡酰基奎宁酸的体外抗氧化活性进行初步研究。方法 采用HPLC考察3,5-O-二咖啡酰基奎宁酸在不同溶剂、pH、温度、光照条件下的稳定性;采用UV测定3,5-O-二咖啡酰基奎宁酸的体外抗氧化活性（清除DPPH自由基）。结果 溶剂的种类、pH值、温度、光照条件对3,5-O-二咖啡酰基奎宁酸稳定性具有一定影响。3,5-O-二咖啡酰基奎宁酸具有较强的体外清除DPPH自由基活性,其活性与Vc相当[3,5-O-二咖啡酰基奎宁酸和Vc的IC₅₀值分别为（372.56±1.04）μg·mL^-1和（294.54±1.03）μg·mL^-1]。结论 在该化合物的分离纯化及其分析检测时,不能采用纯有机溶剂为溶剂,应在中性或酸性条件下,低温、避光操作。3,5-O-二咖啡酰基奎宁酸作为抗氧化剂在制药、食品、化妆品以及精细化工行业具有广阔的应用前景。     

红芽大戟化学成分研究

目的研究茜草科植物红芽大戟(Knoxia corymbosa Willd．)的化学成分。方法利用硅胶、聚酰胺等色谱技术分离纯化,根据化合物的理化性质和光谱数据进行鉴定。结果从红芽大戟的正丁醇萃取部分分离得到4个黄酮醇苷成分,分别鉴定为:槲皮素-7-O-α-L-阿拉伯糖-3-O-β-D-6″-乙酰基吡喃葡糖苷(quercetin-7- O-α-L-arabinosyl-3-O-β-D-6″-acetylglucopyranoside,1);山奈酚-7-O-α-L-阿拉伯糖-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(kaempferol-7-O-α-L-arabinosyl-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside,2);槲皮素-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside,3); 槲皮素-3-O-β-D-6″-乙酰基吡喃葡糖苷(quercetin-3-O-β-D-6″-acetylglucopyranoside,4)。结论化合物1为新化合物,其余均为首次从该种植物分到。     

3,5-O-二咖啡酰基奎宁酸的制备及其对HeLa细胞的抗增殖活性研究

目的 制备高纯度3，5-O-二咖啡酰基奎宁酸，并评价其对人宫颈癌HeLa细胞的抗增殖活性。方法 采用柱色谱提取法和中压液相色谱法从奇蒿花中分离、纯化得到高纯度的3，5-O-二咖啡酰基奎宁酸。采用MTT法评价该化合物对人宫颈癌HeLa细胞的体外抗增殖活性。结果 柱色谱提取的提取率和中压液相色谱法的回收率分别为99.0%，61.2%，总回收率为54.0%。随着3，5-O-二咖啡酰基奎宁酸浓度升高，HeLa细胞存活率下降，细胞形态损伤增加，受试药物的IC₅₀值为26.5µg·mL^-1。结论 本研究提供了一种简单、高效、节能的3，5-O-二咖啡酰基奎宁酸制备方法。3，5-O-二咖啡酰基奎宁酸对HeLa细胞具有一定的体外抗增殖活性。     

特利霉素前体化合物的新型合成工艺

目的 研究特利霉素前体化合物的新合成工艺。方法 以3-羟基-6-O-甲基红霉素肟为原料,经乙酰化,氧化,脱肟,10,11-脱水、12-O-咪唑酰基化反应得到特利霉素前体化合物2’-O-乙酰基-3-酮基-10,11-脱水-12-O-咪唑酰基-6-O-甲基红霉素。结果 目标物收率为60.8%,经质谱、核磁共振氢谱确证结构。结论 新工艺副反应少,原料易得,操作简便。     

制首乌中两个新化合物

目的：研究制首乌(Radix Polygoni multiflori Preparata)化学成分。方法：应用硅胶、Sephadex、反相硅胶柱色谱对制首乌正丁醇萃取部分中化学成分进行分离纯化,应用理化常数测定和光谱(IR,MS,¹HNMR,¹³CNMR,2D-NMR)分析技术鉴定结构。结果：分离并鉴定了5个单体化合物：大黄素甲醚-8-O-β-D-葡糖苷(Ⅰ)、大黄素-8-O-β-D-葡糖苷(Ⅱ)、决明蒽酮-8-O-β-D-葡糖苷(Ⅲ)、6-甲氧基-2-乙酰基-3-甲基-1,4-萘醌-8-O-β-D-葡糖苷(Ⅳ)、2,3,5,4′-四羟基二苯乙烯-2-O-(2″-O-乙酰基)-β-D-葡糖苷(Ⅴ)。结论：Ⅳ和Ⅴ为新化合物。     

Note: Novel acylkaempferol glycoside from the endemic species,Vernonia travancorica Hook. f.

Vernonia travancorica Hook. f. is a taxon, endemic to the evergreen forests of Western Ghats (above 1000?m), India. From the aqueous EtOH extract of the air-dried corymbose inflorescence a novel secondary metabolite, 3-O-β-[β-(6?-acetyl)-d-glucopyranosyl(1→2)]-d-glucopyranosyl kaempferol (1), has been isolated, together with three other compounds, viz., 4′-methoxykaempferol (2), its 3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (3) and kaempferol (4). The structure of the new natural product has been established based on chemical analysis, including characteristic colour reactions, rigorous hydrolytic procedures involving acid, alkali and enzyme, as well as spectral (UV, ¹H and ¹³C NMR and FABMS) evidences.     

Two new constituents from Rheum sublanceolatum

The chemical investigation of Rheum sublanceolatum has led to the isolation of two new constituents, the structures of which were identified on the basis of physical and spectroscopic analysis as 2-acetyl-3-methyl-6,8-dihydroxy-2,3,4,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-1-one-6-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (1) and 2,5-dimethyl-7-hydroxychromone-7-O-β-d-(6′-O-galloyl)-glucopyranoside (2).     

Two new anthraquinone glycosides from the roots of Rheum palmatum

Two new anthraquinone glycosides, named 1-methyl-8-hydroxyl-9,10-anthraquinone-3-O-β-d-(6′-O-cinnamoyl)glucopyranoside (1) and rhein-8-O-β-d-[6′-O-(3″-methoxyl malonyl)]glucopyranoside (2), have been isolated from the roots of Rheum palmatum, together with seven known compounds, rhein-8-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (3), physcion-8-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (4), chrysophanol-8-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (5), aleo-emodin-8-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (6), emodin-8-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (7), aleo-emodin-ω-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (8), and emodin-1-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (9). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of chemical and spectral analysis.     

Note: A new compound from Rhododendren anthopogonosides maxim

A new compound, (2R)-4-phenyl-2-O-[β-d-xylopyranosyl(1→6)-β-d-glucopyranosyl]butane (1), has been isolated from the aerial parts of Rhododendren anthopogonoides, together with two known compounds, fraxin (2), and lyoniside (3). Their structures were determined by means of physico-chemical evidence and spectral analyses, including UV, IR, HR-FABMS, ¹H and ¹³C NMR, and 2D NMR data.     

Three new acylated flavone C-glycosides from the flowers of Trollius chinensis

Three new flavone C-glycosides with the substitution of the unusual acyl, 2″-O-veratroylisoswertisin (1), 3″-O-2-methylbutyrylisoswertiajaponin (2), and 3″-O-2-methylbutyrylvitexin (3), together with the known compounds of 2″-O-2-methylbutyrylisoswertisin (4), 3″-O-2-methylbutyrylisoswertisin (5), and trollisin I (6) were isolated from the antibacterial fraction of the aqueous extract of the flowers of Trollius chinensis. The structural elucidations of these compounds were carried out by a detailed analysis of the NMR and MS spectra.     

Note: Xanthone glycosides from Swertia franchetiana

A new xanthone glycoside (1) has been isolated from Swertia franchetiana together with five known xanthone glycosides. Their structures were elucidated as 7-O-[β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-d-xylopyranosyl]-1,7,8-trihydroxy-3-methoxyxanthone (1), 7-O-[α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-d-xylopyranosyl]-1,7,8-trihydroxy-3-methoxyxanthone (2), 8-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-1,3,5,8-tetrahydroxyxanthone (3), 1-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-1-hydroxy-3,7,8-trimethoxyxanthone (4), 1-O-[β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-d-glucopyranosyl]-1-hydroxy-2,3,5-trimethoxyxanthone (5) and 1-O-[β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-d-glucopyranosyl]-1-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyxanthone (6) on the basis of spectroscopic evidence.     

丝瓜叶化学成分研究

从丝瓜(Luffa cylinderica Roem)叶中分得三种成分,经光谱和化学方法确定其结构为21β-羟基丝石竹皂甙元(L-2),2α-羟基常春藤皂甙元-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖甙(L-8)和21β-羟基常春藤皂甙元-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖甙(L-10)。L-2和L-10为新的天然产物,依次命名为丝瓜素A(lucyin A)和丝瓜皂甙N(lucyoside N)。     

Studies on the comparative toxicity of S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)-L-cysteine,S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)-L-homocysteine and 1,1,2-trichloro-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propene in the Fischer 344 rat

The renal tubular toxicity of various halogenated xenobiotics has been attributed to their enzymatic bioactivation to reactive intermediates by S-conjugation. A combination of high resolution proton nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H NMR) spectroscopy of urine, renal histopathology and more routinely used clinical chemistry methods has been used to explore the acute toxic and biochemical effects of S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)-L-cysteine (DCVC), S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)-L-homocysteine (DCVHC) and 1,1,2-trichloro-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propene (TCTFP) up to 48 h following their administration to male Fischer 344 (F344) rats. In the absence of gross renal pathology, ¹H NMR urinalysis revealed increased excretion of the tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates citrate and succinate following DCVC administration. In contrast, both DCVHC and TCTFP produced functional defects in the S₂ and S₃ segments of the proximal tubule that were confirmed histologically. In these cases, ¹H NMR urinalysis revealed increased excretion of glucose, L-lactate, acetate and 3-D-hydroxybutyrate (HB) as well as selective amino aciduria (alanine, valine, glutamate and glutamine). The significance of the proximal nephropathies induced by DCVHC and TCTFP is discussed in relation to biochemical observations on other xenobiotics that are toxic by similar mechanisms. Received: 25 April 1994 / Accepted: 13 June 1994     

Two new compounds from Trifolium resupinatum var. microcephalum

An investigation of CH₂Cl₂ and EtOH extracts of Trifolium resupinatum L. var. microcephalum Zoh. has led to the isolation of two new compounds characterized as 4,15-dimethyl-2-(1,2-dihydroxyethyl)-hexadecene (1) and 1-undecene-1-O-β-2′,3′,4′,6′-tetraacetyl glucopyranoside (2a). Their structures were established by 1D and 2D NMR techniques, and mass spectroscopy.