以家庭为单位的“1+1+1”家庭医生双签约服务探索

【目的】探索以家庭为单位的"1+1+1"家庭医生双签约服务,为社区居民提供全人群、全生命周期,从健康到康复的全科医疗服务。【方法】选择有代表性的居委会,确定试点家庭,选拔优秀的家庭医生,落实签约服务,细化工作流程,提供优质的签约服务,探索"1+1+1"家庭医生双签约服务工作。【结果】以家庭为单位的"1+1+1"家庭医生双签约服务,可提升家庭医生诊疗和健康管理水平,促进分级诊疗,方便病人就医。同时,也可提高居民健康知识知晓率、健康活动参与率、就医依从性及满意度。【结论】家庭医生双签约服务试点工作,规范了家庭医生团队的医疗服务工作,推进了分级诊疗,加强了健康管理,有利于提升全人群医疗服务水平。     

城市社区家庭医生制服务的实践与思考

目的探讨信息化手段支撑下的家庭医生签约服务效果。方法采集2016年和2017年同期某社区在上海市社区卫生服务云管理平台上家庭医生工作完成情况数据,并进行比较分析。结果2017年60岁及以上老年人签约率、社区居民“1+1+1”签约率、高血压和糖尿病管理对象的签约率分别比2016年增加9.12%、4.14%、16.8%和21.93%。2017年该社区居民在社区人均月累计就诊次数和月人均门诊费比2016年增加,2017年签约居民月累计就诊人次数和月人均门诊费比2016年有所下降。2017年签约高血压和糖尿病患者的有效控制率比2016年有所提高。高血压和糖尿病管理率与2016年基本持平。结论家庭医生签约服务可引导居民逐渐改变就医习惯,社区卫生服务利用度增加,为分级诊疗模式的推行奠定了基础。     

上海市社区家庭医生制服务模式的可行性探讨

目的回顾上海市家庭医生签约服务历程,分析工作进展及存在的主要问题,提出建议与设想,为试点工作在全市推广与深化提供参考。方法依据上海市社区卫生服务综合改革云管理APP,采集并分析上海市各区社区卫生服务中心试点工作相关数据,并通过专家咨询法,对知情人进行访谈。结果上海市全部239家社区卫生服务中心均已启动了“1+1+1”签约服务试点,签约居民超过335万人,其中60岁及以上老年人签约率达到65.80%;为签约居民开具延伸处方超过91万张;签约居民门诊在“1+1+1”签约医疗机构组合内就诊为74.69%,在社区卫生服务中心就诊接近70%,在签约社区就诊达53.84%。结论签约试点进展良好,但仍然存在各社区试点进度不一、就诊频次过高、家庭医生签约服务积极性受限及供给模式单一等问题,需要从试点推广、落实服务举措、夯实运行机制、借助信息技术等方面进一步完善。     

家庭APGAR问卷及其临床应用

目的对前期构建的“基于家庭医生制服务的家庭健康评估指标体系”进行实证研究,以了解斜土社区内居民家庭和个体的主要健康状况及影响因素,为家庭医生开展针对性的分层分类的健康管理提供实用性评估工具。方法选取上海市徐汇区斜土社区内500户常住签约家庭作为研究对象,采用问卷调查的形式进行实证研究评价。结果家庭常住人口(2.2±1.0)人,核心家庭占61.8%。家庭功能良好者占84.6%,有中度及严重障碍者占15.4%。57.9%的个体患有慢性病,在有慢性病患者的家庭中有2、3名患者的分别占38.2%、4.4%, 有2、3、4种及以上慢性病者分别占24.9%、22.1%、34.8%。35.5%的居民偶尔不注意服药,32.2%的居民自觉症状改善时曾停止服药。居民直观式健康量表评分为(75.46±15.47)分,在疼痛或不舒服、日常活动和行动三个维度存在较多的健康问题。结论家庭规模小型化、核心化,少部分家庭存在家庭功能障碍,家庭慢性病患病率较高,多病共存严重,部分居民遵医行为较差,且存在较多的健康问题。在健康评估基础上开展以家庭为单位的健康管理是家庭医生制服务的重点。     

以家庭医生为核心“1+1+1”医疗机构组合签约服务的实践与思考

目的了解上海市实行以家庭医生为核心的"1+1+1"医疗机构组合签约服务工作进展情况,即"家庭医生制度2.0版",找出实施过程中存在的问题并提出意见和建议。方法针对"家庭医生制度1.0版"存在签约居民对家庭医生接受度不高、签约履约率低、居民无序诊疗和医疗费用逐年上涨等突出问题,上海市启动了以家庭医生为核心的"1+1+1"医疗机构组合签约工作,通过3家医疗机构组合签约、市级平台优先转诊;提供长处方和延伸处方的便捷用药服务等举措,努力尝试解决1.0版存在的问题。结果上海市243家社区卫生服务中心均开展"1+1+1"医疗机构组合签约工作。截止2018年底,医疗机构组合签约人数已超过666万人,已签约居民中77.09%在签约的3家医疗机构内就诊,在签约社区卫生服务中心就诊率达到了57.77%左右,"家庭医生制度2.0版"对分级诊疗的落实和医疗服务下沉社区起到积极的推动作用。结论上海市"家庭医生制度2.0版"实施3年多来,重点人群签约覆盖率得到了有效的提升,有序诊疗正在不断改善,分级诊疗制度逐步在实施中;延伸处方优惠政策凸显,医疗服务逐渐下沉社区。但是医疗费用仍然持续增长,后续需要家庭医生加大对签约居民医疗费用的管理。     

家庭医生制度保障初级医疗服务

  目的  了解山东省农村家庭医生签约居民转诊意愿并探讨其影响因素,为促进家庭医生签约服务在山东省农村地区的顺利开展提供政策建议。  方法  于2018年5月在山东省采用随机数字表法随机抽取3个样本市进行问卷调查,并利用计划行为理论（TPB）建立理论分析模型。  结果  山东省826名家庭医生签约居民中,79.66 % 的居民表示愿意通过家庭医生转诊,二元logistic回归结果显示,对家庭医生的认知水平较高、认为家庭医生对家人的健康有帮助、首诊选择是村卫生室以及接受过家庭医生团队提供的服务的居民更愿意通过家庭医生转诊。  结论  居民的行为态度是影响居民转诊意愿的最大因素,其次是知觉行为控制因素。家庭医生签约服务中对于转诊工作的有效落实是完善分级诊疗卫生服务体系的有效途径。     

上海金山工业区残疾人“1+1+1”家庭医生签约服务效果评价

目的 了解上海市金山工业区家庭医生的康复服务能力情况以及“1+1+1”家庭医生签约服务后残疾人机体功能改善、满意度、医疗费用支出情况,为后续精细化干预提供支持。 方法 通过自拟问卷于2016年8－10月和2017年8－10月调查金山工业区14名家庭医生基本情况及掌握康复服务技能种类等以及733名残疾人的基本人口学信息、残疾特征信息和机体功能改善情况、满意度情况和医疗支出情况等。 结果 14名家庭医生年龄集中在20~50岁,均具有多种康复服务技能,能为残疾人提供个性化的“1+1+1”签约服务。733名残疾人男女性人数比为1.08:1,肢体残疾人数最多,为334人(45.57%),残疾等级中四级残疾人数最多,共342人(46.66%)。“1+1+1” 家庭医生签约上门服务人数和康复治疗人数较家庭医生制团队服务分别增加130人和312人。接受“1+1+1”家庭医生签约服务后,186名(25.38%)残疾人机体功能改善,47名(6.41%)残疾人机体功能恢复。签约残疾人满意度有一定提升,满意和非常满意人数总和由签约前的585人(79.81%)升至签约后的714人(97.41%)。签约残疾人医疗费用则呈现下降趋势,同比下降22.82%。 结论 “1+1+1”家庭医生签约服务能够提升残疾人对康复服务的满意度,改善残疾人机体功能,降低残疾人医疗支出。     

“1+1+1”签约 分级诊疗上海之路

<正>上海市的"1+1+1"模式就是希望通过更加科学化、精细化的手段引导签约服务、分级诊疗和医联体建设。上海市的"1+1+1"家庭医生签约服务对上海市的分级诊疗起到很好的作用,也赢得市民的尊重。做实家庭医生签约服务我们又制定了新的"1+1+1"签约服务,称之为家庭医生签约2.0版。居民必须在社区签约1位家庭医生,但是1家二级医院和1家三级医院全市任选,签约重点人群是60岁以上老     

社区开展家庭医生服务签约现状及影响因素研究

目的 研究社区开展家庭医生服务签约现状及影响因素。方法 随机选定本社区300名居民,2017年3月—2018年3月进行问卷调查,分析家庭医生服务签约现状及影响因素。结果 188人愿意签约,占62.67%;112人不愿意签约,占37.33%。愿意签约者与不愿意签约者在性别、年龄方面差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);在文化程度、家庭月收入、医疗费用支付方式方面比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 社区应加大家庭医生的宣传力度,提高家庭医生的服务能力,增强居民对家庭医生的满意度和认知度。     

福田要建健康城区

正广东省深圳市福田区以改革为动力,促进健康城区建设。2018年,福田区将力争实现医疗卫生综合实力和居民健康指标达到或接近发达国家水平。分级诊疗促医疗与公卫衔接为加强基层首诊,福田区自2011年开始家庭医生签约服务,至2013年培养了250余名家庭医生,实现全区社康中心全覆盖,共签约10余万家庭26万余重点人群。并从2014年开始加强     

Knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about seasonal influenza and H1N1 vaccinations in a low-income, public health clinic population

Objective

The Public Health Center Vaccine Survey (PHCVS) examines the knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about seasonal influenza and H1N1 vaccinations in a largely low-income, urban, public health clinic population in Los Angeles County, USA.

Design

A cross-sectional survey of vulnerable individuals at risk for severe influenza infection was conducted in one of the nation's largest local public health jurisdictions.

Subjects

A total of 1541 clinic patients were recruited in the waiting rooms of five large public health centers in Los Angeles County from June to August, 2010.

Results

Among prospective respondents who met eligibility criteria, 92% completed the survey. The majority was black or Latino and most were between the ages of 18 and 44 years. More than half were unemployed; two-thirds had no health insurance; and nearly one-half reported having a high school education or less. About one-fifth reported they had received the H1N1 vaccine during the previous flu season. In comparative analyses, negative beliefs about vaccine safety and efficacy were highly predictive of H1N1 vaccination. Blacks were less likely than non-black respondents to report receiving the H1N1 vaccine (OR = 0.7, 95% CI = 0.6-1.0). Blacks were also less likely than other respondents to agree that vaccines can prevent disease (OR = 0.4, 95% CI = 0.3-0.5), that vaccines are safe (OR = 0.5, 95% CI = 0.4-0.6), and that they trust doctors/clinicians who recommend vaccines (OR = 0.5, 95% CI = 0.4-0.7).

Conclusions

Study findings provide a useful risk profile of vulnerable groups in Los Angeles County, which may be generalizable to other urban jurisdictions in the United States. They also describe real world situations that can be used to forecast potential challenges that vaccine beliefs may pose to national as well as local influenza pandemic planning and response, especially for communities with limited access to these preventive services.     

门诊处方质控3+3+3+1及三级质控模式

南海区第四人民医院采用3+3+3+1模式,以固定的组织机构,明确的个人承担责任范畴,健全的层级管理关系,对发生在该院门诊电子处方实行实时监测、召回修改;随机抽检、重点监控;院级评估、诫勉奖惩的三级防控。不合理用药处方率下降,处方合格率上升。监管到位,措施落实,为实施《广东省阳光用药的通知》提供了切实可行办法。     

Looking back while moving forward: a justice-based,intersectional approach to research on contraception and disability

For the first time in the 21st century, we have an emerging body of research regarding contraceptive use among adult women with disabilities in the United States.We highlight key findings from population-based analyses that found higher odds of female sterilization and lower odds of long-acting reversible contraception use among women with disabilities compared to their peers without disabilities. We consider potential reasons underlying these differences, including discriminatory attitudes and policies that restrict the sexual and reproductive autonomy of people with disabilities. We advocate for a justice-based, intersectional approach to research on contraception and disability with the aim of promoting the reproductive autonomy of people with disabilities.     

Factors associated with provision of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate to adolescents by US health care providers

ObjectiveIdentify factors associated with healthcare providers' frequency of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) provision to adolescents.Study designWe analyzed data from surveys mailed to a nationally representative sample of public-sector providers and office-based physicians (n=1984). We estimated adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of factors associated with frequent DMPA provision to adolescents in the past year.ResultsAlthough most providers (>95%) considered DMPA safe for adolescents, fewer reported frequent provision (89% of public-sector providers; 64% of office-based physicians). Among public-sector providers, factors associated with lower odds of frequent provision included working in settings without Title X funding (aOR 0.44, 95% CI 0.30–0.64), reporting primary care as their primary clinical focus versus reproductive or adolescent health (aOR 0.42, 95% CI 0.28–0.61), and providing fewer patients with family planning services. Among office-based physicians, factors associated with lower odds of frequent provision included specializing in obstetrics/gynecology (aOR 0.50, 95% CI 0.27–0.91) and family medicine (aOR 0.21, 95% CI 0.09–0.47) versus adolescent medicine, completing training ≥15 versus <5 years ago (aOR 0.27, 95% CI 0.09–0.83), and reporting that 0–24% of patients pay with Medicaid or other government healthcare assistance versus ≥50% (aOR 0.23, 95% CI 0.09–0.61). The reason most commonly reported by providers for infrequent DMPA provision was patient preference for another method.ConclusionsWhile most providers reported frequently providing DMPA to adolescents, training on evidence-based recommendations for contraception, focused on subgroups of providers with lower odds of frequent DMPA provision, may increase adolescents' access to contraception.ImplicationsAlthough >95% of providers considered depot medroxyprogesterone (DMPA) a safe contraceptive for adolescents, only 89% of public-sector providers and 64% of office-based physicians reported frequently providing DMPA to adolescents. Provider training on evidence-based recommendations for contraception counseling and provision may increase adolescents' access to DMPA and all methods of contraception.     

Enhancing health knowledge,health beliefs,and health behavior in Poland through a health promoting television program series

This study examined the impact of a health promoting television program series on health knowledge and the key factors of the health belief model (HBM) that have led people to engage in healthy behavior (exercising, losing weight, changing eating habits, and not smoking/quitting smoking). Using data from a posttest comparison field study with 15) viewers and 146 nonviewers in Poland, we found that hierarchical regression analysis showed stronger support for the HBM factors of efficacy, susceptibility, seriousness, and salience in their contribution toward health behavior among television viewers compared with nonviewers. Cues to action variables (including television viewing) and health knowledge boosted efficacy among viewers. Without the advantage of receiving health information from the television series, nonviewers relied on their basic disease fears on one hand, and interest in good health on the other to take steps toward becoming healthier. A health promoting television series can increase health knowledge and enhance health beliefs, which in turn contribute to healthy behaviors.     

Hormonal contraception,breastfeeding and bedside advocacy: the case for patient-centered care

Postpartum contraceptive decision making is complex, and recommendations may be influenced by breastfeeding intentions. While biologically plausible, concerns about the adverse impact of hormonal contraception on breast milk production have not been supported by the clinical evidence to date. However, the data have limitations, which can lead providers with different priorities around contraception and breastfeeding to interpret the data in a way that advances their personal priorities. Discrepancies in interpretations can lead to divergent recommendations for individual women and may cause conflict. Furthermore, providers must recognize that decision making about contraception and breastfeeding takes place in complex cultural, historical and socioeconomic contexts. Implicit bias may influence a provider's counseling. Unrecognized biases toward one patient or another, or one practice or another, may influence a provider's counseling. It is crucial for providers to strive to recognize their own biases. Providers need to respectfully recognize each patient's values and preferences regarding hormonal contraception and breastfeeding. Developing a patient-centered decision tool or implementing patient-centered interview techniques specifically around breastfeeding and contraception could help to minimize provider-driven variability in care.     

Perspectives of elderly people receiving home help on health, care and quality of life

From a nursing perspective it is important to have information about the type of care needed, the reasons care is needed and quality of life among the most elderly people living in their own homes, in order to support their independence and maximise their quality of life. Thus a study was performed to investigate people aged 75 years and older dependent on care from professionals and/or a next of kin, their functional health, diseases, and complaints in relation to quality of life as perceived by themselves. The sample (n = 448) comprised those who, in an age-stratified randomised sample of adults living in their own homes, responded that they were dependent on help from others. The questionnaire covered sex, age, living conditions, civil status and number of children and cohabitation, respondents' health, diseases, quality of life, help from another person, and the type and amount of help received. The number of elderly persons dependent on help ranged from 18.5 to 79.1% in the different age groups. The help came mainly from informal carers (84.1%), and, in 53.1% of cases, from the home help service and home nursing care. Help from formal caregivers was given in combination with that from a next of kin in 38.8% of the cases. More next of kin than formal carers helped in all Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) and Personal Activities of Daily Living (PADL) tasks, with the exception of cleaning the house and providing a bath/shower. Although the respondents received help themselves, they also helped another person in 6.5% of cases. The elderly reported a median of three diseases and ten different complaints of which pain and impaired mobility were the most frequent. Between 20 and 40% of the respondents in the different age groups reported restricted ability to be alone and one third of them reported low or very low quality of life. Multiple linear regression analysis showed the number of complaints, restricted ability to be alone, living alone and age to have a significant relationship on low quality of life.