性学小辞典

指错误的或不科学的性观念及由此产生的错误的或荒谬的行为。性愚昧的产生与后天的教育有直接的关系,社会性观念的错误或不科学是愚昧产生的根本原因,人们不能接受系统的科学性教育,而错误地接受社会媒体上的不科学的性观念是性愚昧产生的直接原因。     

今天的孩子缺什么?

今天的孩子是幸福的,吃的、穿的、喝的、玩的、用的、空前的富有;来自“四二十”家庭结构的层层呵护,花朵般的孩子们正以他们强劲的消费能力依凭感觉操纵着长辈们的钱袋……然而,优越的环境似乎并非真正意义上使孩子们的身心状态达到理想的尺度。     

如何吃鱼，才能养生？

鱼类是很好的养生保健食品。关于养生食品的营养价值,现在流行这么一句话：四条腿的（营养价值）不如三条腿的,三条腿的不如两条腿的,两条腿的不如一条腿的,一条腿的不如没有腿的。意思是说鱼的营养价值相比鸡鸭牛羊等动物的营养价值更高。     

心血管药物的不良反应与防治

现代医学的发展已经越来越朝着科学有效,合理完善的方面发展,我们的制度也在不断的进步和更新,随着现代社会对于人身安全的注重,我们的社会和医学研究方面对于人的各个生命特征都进行了一定的研究和总结,我们的社会医学的发展也是在不断的扩充和拓展的过程。在我们的各种医学研究中,我们对于心血管疾病的研究一直都是我们的重点,心血管类的疾病发病率较高,是现代社会的大部分老人甚至年轻人的一个困扰,本文主要介绍的就是有关于心血管疾病的根治药物,以及这类药物给人的身体带来的不良反应,当然,更加重要的是,我们如何对其进行研究和防治。     

加入WTO对我国会计行业的影响

随着中国加入WTO步伐的加快,一个严峻的课题摆在我们面前:加入WTO后我国的会计环境发生巨变,从而对我国的会计行业产生很大的影响。WTO的基本原则和宗旨是:通过实施市场开放、非歧视和公平贸易等原则,达到实现世界贸易自由化的目标。任何企业的会计活动都要在一定的社会环境中进行,加入WTO后我国的会计环境发生很大的变化,而会计环境的变化又必将影响我国会计行业的发展。 一、会计环境的变化对会计行业的影响 1.政治环境的变化对会计行业的影响 虽然不同的政治制度的政治体制决定了不同的会计模式,但是加入WTO后,我国政府在市场经济发展中所起的作用更加符合国际惯例,一直受保护的中国企业受到严重冲击,我国现阶段的会计工作特征会有很大的转变。更加民主的政治环境和持续稳定的政策将为会计的发展创造更好的环境。     

药品检验用标准物质存在的问题及建议

随着经济突飞猛进的发展以及社会的进步，人们对药品的检验工作日益重视，从而能够让药品的的质量得到足够的保证，从而有效的提高与人们的健康息息相关的用药安全。然而目前我国的药品检验工作面临的问题有许多，药品检验工作中应用的药品标准物质也相应的存在诸多问题，为进一步提升我国的药品检验质量，确保用药安全，本文作者就药品检验用的标准物质存在的问题进行阐述，同时对药品检验用的标准物质存在的问题提出相应的建议，以其为相关研究提供理论上的参考和借鉴。     

工矿企业医疗卫生管理中存在的问题与改革建议

建国以来,随着工业生产的发展,职工人数的增加,工矿企业自办的医疗卫生事业也得到了相应的发展,目前差不多的大中型企业都建立了自己的职工医疗卫生机构,这些医疗卫生机构对企业广大职工、家属的防病治病,保护企业的劳动力起到了积极的作用,对整个卫生事业的发展也起到一定的推动作用。但是随着工业现代化的发展,广大职工对防病、治病的需要与目前职工医疗的管理体制之间的一些矛盾越来越明显的暴露出来,这不仅有碍于这部分医疗事业自身的发展,而且对工业现代化的迅速发展也起着不利的影响,就目前的情况看我们     

浅论中医药养生延缓衰老

在我国源远流长的历史长河之中,中医药学经过一代又一代的传承而不断的丰富,在传承的过程之中逐渐的累计下众多的医学理论以及实际的治疗经验.在我国当前的实际情况来看,社会经济与科学技术正在不断的进步,人们对于养生方面的需要也越来越高,越来越多的人们希望通过中医药学的理论来延缓自身的衰老,从当下的实际情况来看,我国的中医药学不单单是帮助了我们国内的医学得到发展,也在很大程度上使得世界范围内的老年医学得到很大的进步.     

职业病免疫诊断方法(一)

免疫学的飞跃发展与免疫新技术的应用和推广是分不开的。近年来,由于抗原、抗体的纯化,细胞膜抗原与受体的结构与功能的研究,以及敏感度高的检验技术的应用,对于免疫学的基础理论和临床实践的研究、发展起着十分重要的作用。由于职业毒物所引起免疫反应的阈值远远小于毒性的阈值,     

对提高医院网络数据质量的探讨

作者认为影响数据质量的要素包括相关人员的思想观念、管理组织的状况、工作人员的素质、数据的标准化、软件的先进性、科室间的协同、核查信息的反馈和监控管理的机制等。只有针对性的采取相应的措施 ,才能不断提高网络数据的质量     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.     

Assessing occupational and environmental exposure

Exposure assessment is a poorly understood component of the science of epidemiology. The relationship between exposure to chemicals and ill-health outcomes is often calculated using crude exposure measures such as ever/never exposed or duration. When investigating subtle effects, exposures need to be characterized much more fully in terms of intensity, frequency, duration and route. While occupational exposures tend to be much greater than those experienced from the wider environment there is a need to remember that, for many chemicals, exposure can occur occupationally, environmentally and through consumer use of products containing the material of interest. Inhalation exposure has generally been the traditional focus for most epidemiological investigations but there is now growing awareness of the importance of the dermal and ingested routes of contact and internalization. Quantification of the exposure also needs to be related to a biological mechanism of action and exposure metrics need to be selected accordingly. Occupational exposures can generally be measured using simple well-validated techniques. Environmental exposures require much more sensitive instruments and are more difficult to assess. Exposure modelling, particularly for the environmental fate of chemicals has undergone many recent developments and Monte Carlo techniques can be used to characterize model uncertainty and variability. This approach to exposure assessment can now be used in the setting of the wider environment and will enable a far better understanding of the relationship between exposure and disease.     

Mercury toxicity due to the smelting of placer gold recovered by mercury amalgam

A 19-year-old man developed tremor in both hands and fatigue after starting work at a placer gold mine where he was exposed to mercury-gold amalgam. Examination revealed an intention tremor, dysdiadochokinesis and mild rigidity. The 24-h urinary mercury concentration reached a peak of 715 nmol/l (143 ug/l) shortly before the clinical examination, after which he was removed from working in the gold room [Mercury No. Adverse Effect Level: 250 nmol/l (50 ug/l)]. On review 7 weeks later his tremor had almost resolved and the dysdiadochokinesis and rigidity had gone. The 24-h urinary mercury concentration had fallen to 160 nmol/l (32 ug/l). The principal exposure to mercury was considered to be the smelting of retorted gold with previously unrecognized residual mercury in it. The peak air concentration of mercury vapour during gold smelting was 0.533 mg/m3 (Mercury Vapour ACGIH TLV: 0.05 mg/m3 TWA). Several engineering and procedural controls were instituted. This episode occurred at another mine site, unrelated to Mount Isa Mines Limited.     

How Adults with Acquired Brain Damage Perceive Computer Training as a Rehabilitation Tool: A Focus-group Study

The aim of this study was to explore and describe how adult outpatients with acquired brain damage and referred to occupational therapy perceive computer training with the RehaCom programs, in order to evaluate the method of treatment as a tool in the rehabilitation of persons with cognitive disorders. By using focus-group discussions as a qualitative method of research when analysing the result, five themes with corresponding categories emerged, describing a development of understanding and learning about capacities. Themes describing how the participants could apply strategies to overcome shortcomings in daily occupations and the therapeutic role of the occupational therapist were identified as well. The result shows that a computer training program such as RehaCom can be used as an educational tool, for example, to guide a person who is trying to adopt compensatory strategies to avoid overload by taking pauses. It was found that anything the participants learned was also applicable to occupational performance in daily life.