CD28在多发性硬化患者CD8^＋淋巴细胞的表达

目的：探讨CD28在多发性硬化（MS）患者CD8^ 淋巴细胞的表达水平。方法：流式细胞仪测定16例复发期MS患者和20例对照组外周血淋巴细胞CD28^ 、 CD8^ 、CD28^-和CD8^ CD28^ 的百分率.结果：复发期MS患者淋巴细胞CD8^ CD28^－百分率低于对照组，CD28^ 和CD8^ CD28^ 的百分率与对照组无明显差异；甲基强的松龙治疗对CD28^ 、CD8^ 、CD28^ 和CD8^ CD28^ 的百分率无影响。 结论：参与MS的发病的CD8细胞是CD8^ CD28^-细胞。     

CD28在多发性硬化患者CD8+淋巴细胞的表达

目的探讨CD28在多发性硬化(MS)患者CD8+淋巴细胞的表达水平.方法流式细胞仪测定16例复发期MS患者和20例对照组外周血淋巴细胞CD28+、CD8+CD28-和CD8+CD28+的百分率.结果复发期MS患者淋巴细胞CD8+CD28-百分率低于对照组,CD28+和CD8+CD28+的百分率与对照组无明显差异;甲基强的松龙治疗对CD28+、CD8+CD28-和CD8+CD28+的百分率无影响.结论参与MS的发病的CD8细胞是CD8+CD28-细胞.     

多发性硬化患者淋巴细胞亚群的研究

目的 观察多发性硬化患者外周血及脑脊液中淋巴细胞亚群的水平。方法 用碱性磷酸酶抗磷酸酶法检测了56例多发性硬化（MS）活动期患者外周血和脑脊液（CSF）的淋巴细胞亚群。结果：活动期MS患者外周血CD4^ 、CD8^ 细胞较对照组减少，CD25^ 细胞、CD4^ /CD8^ 比值较对照组升高（P＜0．05）。CSF中CD4^ 、CD25^ 细胞、CD4^ ／CD8^ 比值较对照组升高，CD8^ 细胞降低（P＜0．05＜0．05），且CSF中淋巴细胞亚群均高于自身外周血中的相应细胞（P＜0．05）。经肾上腺皮质类固醇激素治疗后，随病情缓解，外周血、CSF中的淋巴细胞亚群均有不同程度的改善。结论 淋巴细胞亚群可能参与MS的发病，并与MS的缓解－复发有关。     

多发性硬化患者淋巴细胞亚群的研究

目的观察多发性硬化患者外周血及脑脊液中淋巴细胞亚群的水平. 方法用碱性磷酸酶抗磷酸酶法检测了56例多发性硬化(MS)活动期患者外周血和脑脊液(CSF)的淋巴细胞亚群.结果:活动期MS患者外周血CD4+、CD8+细胞较对照组减少,CD25+细胞、CD4+/CD8+比值较对照组升高(p<0.05).CSF中CD4+、CD25+细胞、CD4+/CD8+比值较对照组升高,CD8+细胞降低(p<0.05<0.05),且CSF中淋巴细胞亚群均高于自身外周血中的相应细胞(p<0.05).经肾上腺皮质类固醇激素治疗后,随病情缓解,外周血、CSF中的淋巴细胞亚群均有不同程度的改善. 结论淋巴细胞亚群可能参与MS的发病,并与MS的缓解-复发有关.     

多发性硬化患者血清和脑脊液中可溶性VCAM—1的变化

多发性硬化 (ｍｕｌｔｉｐｌｅｓｃｌｅｒｏｓｉｓＭＳ)是中枢神经系统的炎性脱髓鞘疾病 ,已有研究显示可溶性血管细胞粘附分子 1(ｓＶＣＡＭ 1)在ＭＳ患者中会发生变化 ,本研究目的是观察ｓＶＣＡＭ 1在ＭＳ患者血清和脑脊液 (ＣＳＦ)中的变化及与临床的关系。1　对象与方法1 1　研究对象　ＭＳ组 :共 19例 ,其中男 7例 ,女 12例 ;年龄 18～ 53岁 ,平均 32 9± 9 6岁 ,缓解期 3例 ,复发期 16例 ;均符合Ｐｏｓｅｒ关于ＭＳ的诊断标准[1] 。病人处于复发期的标准 :在平稳期至少 30ｄ后 ,出现新的症状或旧的症状加重持续 2 4ｈ至 6个月 ,不…     

多发性硬化的临床和血、脑脊液Ig RIA

尽管对多发性硬化(MS）的描述和认识已有150多年，然而其确切的病因至今未明，可能与自身免疫有关。其临床表现复杂多样，虽然实验室检查近年来进展甚快，但其诊断依然以临床为主。本文将1984年～1995年住院治疗的20例MS患者的临床和血、脑脊液免疫球蛋白变化结合文献分析如下。     

多发性硬化患者淋巴细胞激活的临床意义

目的：探讨多发性硬化(MS)患者淋巴细胞的激活状态及临床意义。方法：流式细胞仪测定28例缓解复发型MS患者(复发期20例，缓解期8例)外周血(PB)、12例复发期脑脊液(CSF)及11例复发期MS患者予糖皮质激素治疗后淋巴细胞CD69和HLA-DR表达的阳性百分率。结果：复发期MS患者阳淋巴细胞HLA-DR 和CD3 ／HAL-DR 的百分率高于对照组和缓解期MS，缓解期MS患者CD3 /HLA-DR 的百分率高于对照组3复发期MS患者CSF中CD69 、HLA-DR 和CD3 ／HLA-DR 的百分率均高于PB；复发期MS患者CSF中CD69 的百分率与血脑屏障受损呈正相关；激素治疗降低复发期MS PB淋巴细胞HLA-DR 的百分率。结论：MS患者淋巴细胞激活涉及MS的发病机制并可作为MS活动期的一个指标。     

多发性硬化患者外周血淋巴细胞CD56的表达

目的 探讨CD56^ 淋巴细胞在多发性硬化（MS）的变化。方法 流式细胞仪测定32例复发缓解型MS患者（复发发期23例,缓解期9例）及13例复发期MS患者予糖皮质激素治疗后外周血淋巴细胞CD56表达的阳性百分率。结果 复发期和缓解期MS患者CD56的表达均高于对照组,15例复发期MS患者CD56的阳性百分率与血脑屏障受损呈正相关,复发期MS患者CD56的水平与距发作时间、整个病程、EDSS伤残评分无关。缓解期MS CD56的水平与病程无关,激素对CD56的表达我影响。结论 CD56^ 淋巴细胞涉及MS的发病机制。     

手足口病患者外周血淋巴细胞亚群激活与CD95表达的检测与意义

目的 研究手足口病（HFMD）患者外周血淋巴细胞CD95、HLA-DR活化分子表达的变化及其意义.方法 以健康儿童作为对照,采用流式细胞术,检测58例手足口病患者外周血淋巴细胞CD95标志、T细胞亚群及其HLA-DR抗原表达.结果 HFMD患者外周血CD3^＋T细胞的百分率（63.82±7.74）%与健康对照组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.001）,CIM^＋T细胞的百分率（34.29±7.33）%明显低于正常对照组（P〈0.005）;HLA-DR^＋淋巴细胞（28.30±7.61）%比正常对照组显著增高（P〈0.005）;CD8^＋T细胞表达HLA-DR水平（1.34±1.12）%明显高于对照组（P〈0.005）;淋巴细胞CD95表达差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）.结论 HFMD患者存在细胞免疫功能紊乱和淋巴细胞异常激活现象,T淋巴细胞的激活以CD8^＋T细胞为主,其在抗病毒感染中起着重要作用.     

多发性硬化患者脑脊液IgG系列指标测定的临床意义

应用火箭免疫电泳法检测31例临床确诊多发性硬化(MS)患者急性复发或加重期的脑脊液(CSF)免疫球蛋白(IgG)系列指标。与对照组进行显著性检验分析,认为:(1)WS患者血脑屏障;(BBB)通透性基本正常,鞘内IgG合成是脑脊液免疫球蛋白(IgG CSF)增高的主要原因;(2)免疫球蛋白指数(IgG index)和免疫球蛋白鞘内合率(IgG syn)的敏感度特异度较高,对MS有较大的辅助诊断价值;(3)IgG系列指标与MS患者病情变化呈相关,可以作为监测病情和评价药物近期疗效的参数。     

Induction of CD95 ligand expression on T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes and its contribution to apoptosis of CD95-up-regulated CD4+ T lymphocytes in macaques by infection with a pathogenic simian/human immunodeficiency virus

Using an established SIV/HIV-C2/1-infected cynomolgus monkey model displaying stable CD4+ T cell depletion, the kinetics of apoptosis and the levels of expression of CD95 membrane-associated CD95L on lymphocytes were investigated to test the involvement of the CD95/CD95L system in CD4+ T lymphocyte loss in vivo. Rapid depletion of CD4+ T cells occurred up to 2 weeks after infection, with chronic CD4+ T lymphopenia thereafter. During the initial CD4+ T cell loss, which was accompanied by viraemia, about 90% of the peripheral CD4+ T cell subset underwent spontaneous apoptotic cell death during 24 h of culture. Increased expression of CD95 was observed on both CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets, with CD95 expression on CD8+ cells declining rapidly, but high CD95 expression being maintained on CD4+ cells. Since CD95L was expressed on CD8+ T cells, B cells and to a lesser extent on CD4+ T cells, this suggests that CD95-mediated apoptosis might be controlled in an autocrine/paracrine fashion.     

Concentrations of Soluble CD95 and CD8 Antigens in the Plasma and Levels of CD8+CD95+, CD8+CD38+, and CD4+CD95+ T Cells Are Markers for HIV-1 Infection and Clinical Status

Apoptosis mediated via the CD95 (FAS/APO-1) receptor is thought to play a role in the depletion of CD4+ T cells in HIV infection. In the present study expression of the CD95 antigen on lymphocyte subsets and the plasma level of soluble CD95 (sCD95) were determined in HIV-1-infected adults. The expression of CD95 was increased on CD8 cells in all groups of HIV+ individuals, while increased expression of CD95+ cells on CD4 cells was limited to individuals with CD4 counts of <200 mm³. The proportion of CD4+ that expressed CD95 was inversely correlated with the percentage of CD4+ PBL. The concentration of sCD95 was significantly higher in the plasma of HIV-infected individuals than in normal controls. The level of sCD95 in HIV-infected subjects showed no correlation with the percentage of PBL expressing CD95, indicating that the increased level of sCD95 did not reflect release from CD95+ PBL. The plasma sCD95 concentration was significantly correlated with the percentage of CD8+ cells and, particularly, with CD8+CD38– cells. A striking inverse correlation was found between the sCD95 plasma concentration and the proportion of CD4+CD95+ cells out of the total CD4+ population. There was no correlation between the serum level of sCD95 and that of soluble CD8 (sCD8), both of which were increased in the plasma of HIV+ individuals. Unlike the level of sCD95, the level of sCD8 in the plasma of HIV+ individuals. Unlike the level of sCD95, the level of sCD8 in the plasma of HIV+ individuals was correlated with the percentage of CD95+ and CD8+CD38+ cells. The present study indicates that plasma sCD95 may be one of the factors that regulate apoptotic death of lymphocytes in HIV infection.     

Circulating CD3+ CD4+ CD+ T lymphocytes in multiple sclerosis

Triple-antibody flow cytometry was used to search for distinctive populations of peripheral blood lymphocyte immunophenotypes in multiple sclerosis (MS). Using monoclonal antibodies to the cell surface markers CD3, CD4, and CD8, T cell subsets were quantified on a cohort of 31 MS patients (not treated with corticosteroids for at least 6 months), 30 healthy donors, and 14 patients with other autoimmune diseases (also corticosteroid treatment-free for at least 6 months). Untreated MS patients displayed a significantly greater population of CD3+CD4+CD8+ circulating T cells than healthy donors (P = 0.023). Patients with other autoimmune diseases displayed mean populations of CD3+CD4+CD8+ cells greater than normal donors and less than MS, but not significantly different from either. An additional 45 MS patients who had received corticosteroid therapy within the previous 6 months were phenotyped. Treatment of symptomatic MS with corticosteroids was associated with a smaller population of circulating CD3+CD4+CD8+ cells. Some MS patients have significantly greater numbers of peripheral blood T lymphocytes simultaneously expressing CD3, CD4, and CD8 surface markers than healthy donors and this population of cells may be reduced by corticosteroids treatment. This triple positive phenotype may be a manifestation of a systemic immune abnormality in MS.     

Aberrant expression of CD95 and CD69 molecules among CD56 cells in women with endometriosis

PROBLEM: Activated lymphocytes can be eliminated by Fas/Fas ligand (FasL)-induced cell death. Endometrial cells express FasL. The aim of our study was to determine the expression of CD56+ cells (natural killer and natural killer T cells) Fas antigen CD95 and the early activation molecule CD69 in the peritoneal fluid of women with endometriosis. METHOD: Two-colour flow cytometry was used. RESULTS: In the early stages of endometriosis, more CD56+ cells expressed CD69 and CD95 molecules when compared with the control group. However, in case of severe endometriosis the percentage of CD95+CD56+ cells in peritoneal fluid was similar to that of the control group, but the expression of CD69 molecules remained high. CONCLUSION: Because of Fas/FasL mechanisms, in the initial stages of endometriosis the activated peritoneal fluid CD56+ cells can be intensively eliminated, thus providing conditions for the survival of ectopic endometrial cells and the development of the disease.     

儿童系统性红斑狼疮患者外周血淋巴细胞表面CD95的表达及临床意义

目的:探讨儿童系统性红斑狼疮(systemic lupus erythematosus,SLE)外周血淋巴细胞表达CD95的特征及与疾病活动性和其他免疫学指标间的关系.方法:使用流式细胞术检测60例SLE患儿和20例对照外周血T淋巴细胞亚群和B淋巴细胞表面CD95的表达,并分析其与SLE疾病活动性以及实验室检查之间的关系.结果:初发SLE患儿外周血中CD4+T细胞表面CD95的表达显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);初发SLE患儿外周血中CD19+B细胞表面CD95的表达显著高于健康儿童(P<0.05);CD19+CD95+B细胞的比例和SLE疾病活动性呈正相关(r=0.4,P<0.05);CD4+CD95+T细胞的比例和SLE疾病活动性呈正相关(r=0.3,P<0.05),CD4+CD95+T细胞的比例和外周血抗双链DNA抗体(anti-dsDNA Abs)的水平呈正相关(r=0.2,P<0.05);治疗后SLE患儿外周血中CD19+CD95+B细胞和CD4+CD95+T细胞的比例均有显著下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论:儿童SLE患者外周血中淋巴细胞表达CD95的水平显著升高,且与SLE的疾病活动性及血清中抗双链DNA抗体相关,可以作为SLE的评价指标.     

Fas (CD95)-transduced signal preferentially stimulates lupus peripheral T lymphocytes

Fas (CD95) is a cell surface receptor whose biological function in circulating peripheral T cells is not well understood. To address the question of abnormal T cell sensitivity to Fas stimulation in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), we studied Fas-transduced stimulation and apoptosis in peripheral blood T cells from patients with SLE and normal control. Immobilized anti-Fas monoclonal antibodies (mAb) (imCH-11; IgM type) significantly stimulated SLE T cell proliferation compared to T cells from normal donors and patients with rheumatoid arthritis ( p < 0.003 and p < 0.005, respectively). The soluble form of CH-11 and other immobilized anti-Fas mAb (UB-2, ZB-4; IgG type) failed to stimulate lupus T cells while immobilized human Fas ligand did. Furthermore, imCH-11 induced IL-2 and IL-6 mRNA expression. However, imCH-11 activation failed to induce expression of the T cell activation surface molecules CD25 and CD69. Addition of exogenous ceramide, a second messenger for Fas-mediated apoptosis signaling, also induced T cell proliferation in SLE and normal controls. Moreover, fumonisin B1, a specific ceramide synthase inhibitor, and caspase inhibitors markedly suppressed imCH-11 induced T cell proliferation, suggesting that the ceramide pathway may be involved in Fas-transduced stimulation signals in SLE T cells. These results show that SLE T cells have an alteration in the Fas signal transduction pathway leading to cell proliferation. This defect may be important in Fas-mediated peripheral immune homeostasis.     

Soluble HLA-DR and soluble CD95 ligand levels in pregnant women with antiphospholipid syndromes

Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a severe complication in pregnancy that can lead to fetal death in the second or third trimester. As soluble HLA-DR (sHLA-DR) molecules are reported to be implicated in the etiology of pregnancy disorders and of autoimmune diseases, we studied sHLA-DR plasma levels in pregnant women with APS (n = 14) and in women with normal pregnancy (n = 15), in women with high-risk pregnancies such as preeclampsia (PE; n = 20) and intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR; n = 10) and in fertile non-pregnant women (n = 29). The sHLA-DR levels of pregnant women were assessed during the third trimester, at labor, in the first week, and in the third month of puerperium. The results obtained were compared with soluble CD95 ligand (sCD95L), an important signal molecule in the apoptosis pathway. The sHLA-DR levels in pregnant women with APS were approximately three times higher (mean 1.48 +/- 0.15 microg/ml) during the whole observation period than in fertile non-pregnant women (0.54 +/-.06 microg/ml) and nearly double in women with high risk (PE, 0.91 +/- 14 microg/ml; IUGR, 0.94 +/-.21 microg/ml) and in normal pregnancies (0.74 +/- 0.13 microg/ml). Furthermore, sHLA-DR levels of pregnant women with APS were positively correlated with the serum concentration of anti-anticardiolipin immunoglobulin G antibodies. For sCD95L plasma levels, no substantial variations were found among the different groups above. In pregnant women with APS, however, sHLA-DR levels were positively correlated with sCD95L levels. Further studies should clarify the functional involvement of sHLA-DR molecules in the induction of CD95/CD95L-mediated apoptosis pathway that may play a crucial role in the pathology of pregnancies complicated by APS.     

The Fas antigen (CD95) on human lymphoid cells: epitope analysis with ten antibodies

The expression of CD95 antigen was examined on adult and cord blood lymphocytes using a highly sensitive immunofluorescence/flow cytometric procedure. CD95 was expressed by the majority of circulating blood T cells in adults, and by a smaller proportion of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in cord blood. The majority of circulating B cells did not react with seven CD95 antibodies, but three antibodies did stain B cells. In tonsil sections, CD95 was expressed throughout the tissue, but germinal centres showed generally stronger staining than the surrounding follicular mantle and interfollicular areas. This was confirmed by flow cytometry, which showed expression preferentially on B cells with a germinal centre phenotype. Because different antibodies stained different proportions of B cells, CD95 epitopes were examined by inhibition, additive binding and protease susceptibility studies using a panel of ten CD95 antibodies. B cells apparently reacting selectively with CD95 antibodies were sorted and CD95 mRNA was reverse transcribed to cDNA and analyzed, in order to confirm the presence of CD95 in cells which reacted selectively and to explore the possible existence of CD95 isoforms. The major cDNA band was identical in the two populations. Inhibition of N-glycosylation suggested that the epitopes detected differentially could not be accounted for by differential N-glycosylation.