脑白质疏松症与Binswanger病认知功能障碍的对比研究

目的探讨轻度认知功能障碍与痴呆在单纯脑白质疏松症(LA)、Binswanger病(BD)及脑白质疏松症合并脑梗死(LA CI)中的临床诊断价值.方法单纯LA组27例,BD组33例,LA CI组31例,对照组30例,行简易精神状态量表(MMSE)、临床记忆量表测验(CMS)、轻度认知功能障碍的认知评定并对比分析.结果单纯LA组、BD组、LA CI组MMSE及CMS成绩均明显低于对照组,差异有显著意义(P＜0.05);单纯LA组MMSE及CMS成绩明显高于BD组、LA CI组,差异有显著意义(P＜0.05);单纯LA组认知损害以轻度认知功能障碍为主(77.8%),无1例痴呆;BD组中度认知功能障碍占24.2%,痴呆占75.8%;LA CI组以中度认知功能障碍(19.4%)和痴呆(77.4%)为主.结论轻度认知功能障碍是诊断单纯LA的临床参考指标.中度认知功能障碍和痴呆是诊断BD和LA CI的临床参考指标.     

老年人脑白质疏松症和Binswanger病认知功能的对比研究

目的探讨认知功能障碍程度在老年人脑白质疏松症(LA)和Binswanger病(BD)中的诊断价值。方法采用简易精神状态量表(MMSE)和临床记忆量表(CMS)检查LA、BD患者及健康对照者,比较各组认知功能障碍者的比例。结果①LA组、BD组MMSE及CMS评分均明显低于健康对照组(P均小于0.05)。②BD组MMSE及CMS评分明显低于LA组(P均小于0.05)。③LA组轻度认知功能障碍21例(77.8%);BD组中度认知功能障碍8例(24.2%),痴呆25例(75.8%)。结论LA多有轻度认知功能障碍,而BD多表现为中度认知功能障碍和痴呆。认知功能障碍的程度是临床诊断LA、BD的参考指标。     

单纯脑白质疏松症与Binswanger病轻度认知功能障碍与痴呆的对比研究

近年来脑血管病神经心理方面的问题备受关注，但单纯脑白质疏松症(LA)和Binswanger病(BD)认知功能的对比研究国内外尚无报道。本文在既往研究的基础上，对单纯LA、BD、LA合并脑梗死(LA CI)患者的认知功能进行对比评价。     

老年性脑白质疏松症与血管性认知功能障碍相关性分析

目的探讨老年性脑白质疏松症(LA)与血管性认知功能障碍(VCI)的相关性。方法应用Hachinski和Mo-cA量表,分析老年性脑白质疏松症(LA)与血管性认知功能障碍(VCI)的关联性。结果 LA组与对照组的VCI发生率分别为41.7%和5.4%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001),Logisistic回归分析显示LA的发生与高龄明显相关(P=0.001),且LA的严重程度与年龄呈正相关(r=0.9384)。结论 LA与VCI呈正相关,高龄是LA发生的最重要危险因素。     

不同类型脑白质疏松症患者轻度认知功能障碍认知域损害特点分析

目的探讨不同类型脑白质疏松症(LA)患者轻度认知功能障碍(MCI)认知域损害特点。方法LA患者256例,根据MCI诊断标准筛选出MCI患者181例,按入院时头颅磁共振成像(MRI)的脑白质疏松部位分为三组:脑室周围型(第一组)72例、皮质下型(第二组)56例、混合型(第三组)53例。分析比较三组认知域损害类型、Mo CA量表检测比较认知损害内容。结果 1LA患者MCI检出情况:256例LA患者进入MCI筛查,有181例诊断为MCI(70.70%);其中脑室周围型LA 72例(39.78%),皮质下型56例(30.94%),混合型53例(29.28%),三组比较差异无统计学意义;2三组MCI认知域损害类型比较:第一组以遗忘型单认知域损害MCI(a MCI-s)型、遗忘型多认知域损害MCI(a MCI-m)型为主(51.40%、25.00%);与非遗忘型单认知域损害MCI(na MCI-s)型(13.88%)、非遗忘型多认知域损害MCI(na MCI-m)型(9.72%)比较差异有统计学意义(p<0.01);且a MCI-s与a MCI-m比较,p<0.01。第二组以a MCI-m及a MCI-s较多见(42.86%、30.35%),与na MCI-s(8.93%)、na MCI-m(17.86%)比较,p<0.01;且a MCI-m与a MCI-s比较,p<0.05;第三组以a MCI-m及a MCI-s较多见(52.83%、26.41%),与na MCI-s(7.55%)、na MCI-m(13.21%)比较,p<0.01;且a MCI-m与a MCI-s比较,p<0.05;3三组Mo CA量表检测认知损害内容比较:三组在延迟记忆项得分最低:1.39±1.42、1.44±1.06、1.51±1.32,但组间比较差异无统计学意义;第二、三组Mo CA总分分别为20.43±3.01、20.66±3.14,较第一组21.52±2.68明显降低(p<0.05);其中抽象功能项第二、三组分别为0.58±0.56、0.59±0.51,较第一组(0.78±0.67)降低最显著(p<0.01);视空间与执行功能项第二、三组分别为2.92±0.92、3.04±1.03,较第一组(3.71±0.75)亦有降低(p<0.05);第二、三组认知损害内容比较,P>0.05。结论三种类型LA与MCI存在相似的相关性,提示对于任何一种LA均需严密筛查、预防MCI的发生、发展;不同类型LA所致MCI的认知损害类型各有特点:脑室周围型以a MCI-s最多,记忆障碍为其主要表现,皮质下型、混合型LA更多表现为a MCI-m,即包括记忆障碍在内的多个认知功能损害;在MCI认知损害内容方面,延迟记忆障碍是各型LA相关性MCI最显著的共同特点;皮质下型、混合型LA对认知功能的影响更显著,尤其在抽象功能方面,视空间与执行功能也存在一定影响。认识这样的差异有助于早期识别LA相关MCI、有针对性地选择干预方式,以规范LA的二级预防。     

单纯脑白质疏松症与脑白质疏松症合并脑梗死记忆障碍的对比研究

目的 探讨单纯脑白质疏松症(LA)记忆障碍特征及合并脑梗死(CI)对LA记忆障碍的影响。方法 用临床记忆量表对30例单纯LA患者,30例LA+CI患者及30例健康老年人进行记忆测查,同时对LA患者进行简明精神状态检查表(MMSE)测查。结果 单纯LA组各项记忆量表分及MQ均明显低于正常对照组(P<0.01),其中图象自由回忆,人像特点联想回忆下降明显;LA+CI组与单纯LA组比较,各项记忆量表分及MQ均显著降低(P<0.05或P<0.01),其中指向记忆下降最明显;MQ≤79者痴呆发生率低于MQ≤69者(P<0.05),符合痴呆者7例均属LA+CI组,单纯LA组无痴呆发生。结论 单纯LA患者有明显的记忆障碍,其记忆损害既有主动回忆困难也有再认障碍,但无痴呆发生。合并脑梗死加重记忆障碍,脑梗死的存在对LA记忆障碍中的主动回忆困难影响更大,同时增加痴呆发生率,且记忆损害越重,痴呆发生率越高。     

脑白质疏松症与Binswanger病的临床及CT、MRI对比研究

目的:探讨单纯脑白质疏松症的临床和CT、MRI特征以及与Binswanger病、脑梗死的关系。方法:对114例单纯脑白质疏松症患者的临床特点和CT、MRI所见进行分析。结果:单纯LA组危险因素多样化,CT显示脑白质异常以1型为主(70.2%),MRI显示脑白质异常以Ⅰ型为主(71.6%)。BD组危险因素以高血压为主(95.1％),CT显示脑白质异常以3型为主(73.2％),MRI显示脑白质异常以3型(54.3%)、4型(45.7%)为主。Cl+LA组危险因素以冠心病(50％)、高血压(43.4%)、高脂血症(31.0%)为主。结论:单纯LA危险因素多样化,无明显神经局灶体征,诊断主要以影像学描述Ⅰ型脑白质异常为依据。BD的临床诊断标准以高血压、较明显的认知功能障碍、常见卒中样发作为主要特征,CT显示脑白质异常3型,MRI显示脑白质异常3型或4型为影像学诊断依据。Cl+LA的危险因素以冠心病、高血压、高脂血症为主,较单纯LA有较明显的认知识功能障碍。     

不同分级的脑白质疏松症患者认知功能障碍的特点

目的研究不同分级脑白质疏松(LA)患者各自认知功能障碍的特点。方法将80例LA患者按照头颅MRI像上白质疏松程度分为4组,用简易智能状态检查量表(MMSE)评定其整体认知功能及各个分项评分。通过统计分析,判定各组间认知功能是否存在统计学差异。结果 MMSE总分在LA各组间比较P>0.05。注意力评分,LA 4级组评分显著低于LA 1级组评分(P<0.05)。延时记忆分数评分,LA 3组评分显著低于LA 1组评分;LA 4级组评分显著低于LA 1级组和LA 2级组评分(P<0.05)。结论 LA不同分级患者整体认知功能差别不大,但在注意力及延时记忆中,LA分级越严重组越容易出现损害。     

脑白质疏松症患者认知功能与血浆生长抑素含量的变化

目的 探讨脑白质疏松症（LA）患者认知功能和血浆生长抑素（SS）含量的关系。方法 研究对象分为LA痴呆组26例,LA非痴呆组47例和正常对照组38例。3组均接受长谷川痴呆量表（HDS）评定及血浆SS含量的检测。结果 与对照组比较,LA患者（包括痴呆组和非痴呆组）HDS评分和血浆SS含量均明显下降（均P＜0．001）;LA痴呆组与LA非痴呆组比较,HDS评分也明显下降（P＜0．001）;血浆SS含量虽有下降,但没有显著差异（P＞0．05）。结论 LA可影响认知功能,在患者尚未发生痴呆之前,血浆SS含量就已下降,推测LA患者认知功能障碍可能与体内SS下降有关。     

脑白质疏松老年人的认知功能

目的　探讨脑白质疏松（ Ｌ Ａ） 对老年人认知功能的影响。方法　对３０ 名有 Ｌ Ａ 无精神神经病史及体征的老年人,３０ 名无 Ｌ Ａ 的腔隙性脑梗死患者及３０ 名正常老年人,用老年认知功能量表评定认知功能,并查听觉事件相关电位,还探讨年龄、脑血管疾病危险因素和 Ｌ Ａ 的关系。结果　有 Ｌ Ａ 老人的空间结构能力得分比腔梗病人、正常老人减低, Ｌ Ａ 程度与分析及综合能力、短时记忆及其保存能力呈负相关。腔梗病人的 Ｐ３ 潜伏期比正常老人明显延长。年龄和 Ｌ Ａ 程度呈正相关,有 Ｌ Ａ 老人的高血压患病率比正常老人明显高。结论　老年人的 Ｌ Ａ 对其认知功能有损害,以空间结构能力、精细操作技能较明显。高龄、高血压是 Ｌ Ａ 发生的危险因素。     

Lacunar infarction with leukoaraiosis may aggravate cognitive dysfunction

This study semi-quantitatively analyzed the effects of leukoaraiosis.Patients with moderate or severe lacunar infarction were found to exhibit low scores on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (F=12.02,P=0.000),and prolonged P300 Cz2.0 latency (F=16.04,P=0.000).Correlation analysis revealed that the occurrence of leukoaraiosis was negatively correlated with Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores (r=-0.416,P=0.000),and positively correlated with P300 Cz2.0 latency (r=0.538,P=0.000).These findings indicate ...     

Cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease without dementia

Some degree of cognitive impairment appears frequently in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients, even at the onset of the disease. However, due to the heterogeneity of the patients and the lack of standardized assessment batteries, it remains unclear which capacities are primarily affected by this disease. Fifty PD patients were assessed with 15 tests including executive functions, attention, temporal and spatial orientation, memory, and language tasks. Their results were compared with those of 42 age‐ and education‐matched healthy seniors. Semantic fluency, along with visual search appeared to be the most discriminant tasks, followed by temporal orientation and face naming, as well as action naming and immediate recall. PD patients studied showed an impairment of frontal‐ to posterior‐dependent capacities. Executive functions, attention, and recall tasks appeared to be significantly impaired in the patients. Nevertheless, significantly poor scores in tasks like action and face naming, as well as semantic fluency, also reveal a mainly semantic deficit. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society     

脑白质疏松症患者的认知水平与血浆同型半胱氨酸水平和颈部血流动力学的相关性

目的 探讨脑白质疏松症(LA)患者认知功能、血浆同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平与颈动脉血流动力学指标的关系.方法 测试LA患者认知损害水平,根据结果分为三组,分别为痴呆组、轻度认知功能障碍组和无认知功能障碍组.根据三组患者的血浆Hcy水平及颈部血管超声血流动力学指标进行相关性分析.结果 痴呆组患者的血浆Hcy水平较轻度认知功能障碍组与无认知功能障碍组增高(P<0.05),双侧颈内动脉阻力指数(RI)、搏动指数(PI)亦较轻度认知功能障碍组与无认知功能障碍组增高(P<0.05).结论LA患者不同水平认知功能与血浆Hcy水平和颈部血管超声变化存在相关性,血浆Hcy水平越高,RI和PI越高,则认知损害越重.     

Cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease: amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and neuropil threads in the cerebral cortex

Summary Sensitive silver methods for extracellular amyloid and intraneuronal cytoskeleton abnormalities (neurofibrillary tangles and neuropil threads) were employed to examine the cortical pathology in Parkinson's disease. In cases with cognitive impairment many plaque-like amyloid deposits were found in the cerebral cortex. Neuritic plaques were rare or absent. Neither the Ammon's horn nor the isocortex revealed a sufficiently large number of tangles to permit the diagnosis of a coexisting fully developed Alzheimer's disease. Large numbers of neurofibrillary tangles and neuropil threads were only found in layer Pre- of the entorhinal cortex. This layer gives rise to major portions of the perforant tract, a pathway which serves as a link in the transmission of data from isocortical association areas to the hippocampal formation. During the course of Parkinson's disease the hippocampal formation is thus endangered to become disrupted from isocortical influences. It is concluded that the cognitive impairment shown by many individuals suffering from Parkinson's disease may partly be caused by cortical lesions.     

Clinical significance of subcortical vascular disease in patients with mild cognitive impairment

Patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) typically present with memory complaints. Some of these patients have subcortical vascular disease on computed tomography (CT) scan, namely white matter changes and lacunar infarcts, however it is not known whether these findings are associated with more pronounced cognitive deficits. In the present study we compare demographic, clinical and neuropsychological characteristics of MCI patients according to the presence or the absence of subcortical vascular disease. Forty consecutive patients with memory complaints, at least one neuropsychological memory test below 1 SD the normal for age and education, and maintained activities of daily living, were included. Patients with dementia, history of stroke or transient ischemic attack, or other brain disorders, were excluded. Twenty-five (62.5%) patients with MCI had no ischemic lesions on CT scan, and 15 (37.5%) were found to have subcortical vascular changes. MCI patients with subcortical vascular changes were older (77.1 +/- 6.8 vs. 70.8 +/- 7.5 years old), and more often males. The number of vascular risk factors, the frequency of neurological signs, the Hachinski score and the neuropsychological tests scores were not significantly different. The presence of subcortical vascular disease on CT scan is frequent in older patients with MCI, but does not appear to be associated with the severity of cognitive deficits.     

Cognitive profiling of Parkinson disease patients with mild cognitive impairment and dementia

BackgroundPrevalence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia in Parkinson disease (PD) is variable because different classification criteria are applied and there is lack of consensus about neuropsychological tests and cut-off used for cognitive profiling. Given the important therapeutic consequences for patient management, we aimed at identifying suitable diagnostic cognitive tests and respective screening cut-off values for MCI and dementia in PD (PDD).MethodsWe evaluated 105 PD patients using an extensive neuropsychological battery categorized as PD without cognitive impairment (PD-CNT) (35%), PD-MCI (47%) and PDD (18%) based on established criteria and calculated Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves.ResultsWe found different sensitivity and specificity among neuropsychological tests in detecting PD-MCI and PDD. In particular performance in attention/set shifting, verbal memory and language abilities, discriminated both PD-MCI and PDD from PD-CNT. Abilities involved mainly in semantic retrieval mechanisms discriminated PD-CNT from PD-MCI but also PD-MCI from PDD. Finally deficits in executive and visual-spatial abilities were only affected in PDD.ConclusionOur data point to an independent and different load of each test in defining different PD cognitive statuses. These findings can help selection of appropriate cognitive batteries in longitudinal studies and definition of stage-specific therapeutic targets.     

脑小血管病对帕金森病患者认知和情感障碍的影响

目的 探讨脑小血管病对帕金森病（PD）患者认知、情感障碍的影响。方法 选取2021年9月至2022年10月在呼伦贝尔市人民医院神经内科住院及门诊就诊的PD患者131例作为研究对象,其中56例原发性PD患者为PD组,75例原发性PD合并脑小血管病（CSVD）为PD合并CSVD组。对患者的一般资料、相关量表及影像数据进行采集、分析。对比2组患者的认知和情感量表数据之间存在差异,以及脑小血管病的影像学负荷得分及各个类型与患者的认知和情感量表数据之间的相关性。结果 2组高血压病史、糖尿病病史、甘油三酯（TG）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、同型半胱氨酸、体位性低血压及简易智力状态检查量表（MMSE）、蒙特利尔认知评估量表（MOCA）、汉密尔顿焦虑量表（HAMA）、汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）、CSVD总负荷得分等指标比较,差异均具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。CSVD总负荷得分与PD合并CSVD组患者的TG呈显著正相关（P=0.044）。PD合并CSVD组患者的CSVD总负荷得分与患者的MMSE、MOCA认知得分呈明显负相关（P<0.01）;脑白质高信号（WMH）、脑微出血（CMB）、腔隙（LA）与患者的MMSE认知得分呈明显负相关（P<0.05）;WMH、LA与患者的MOCA认知得分呈明显负相关（P<0.05）。PD合并CSVD组患者的CSVD总负荷得分与患者的HAMA、HAMD情绪得分呈明显正相关（P<0.001）。WMH、周围血管间隙、CMB与患者的HAMA情绪得分呈明显正相关（P<0.05）;LA、CMB与患者的HAMD情绪得分呈明显正相关（P=0.005）。结论 CSVD总负荷得分可以客观评估CSVD严重程度对PD患者非运动症状的影响,为临床医生监测PD患者病情及后续管理PD患者提供一个新的方向。 [国际神经病学神经外科学杂志, 2024, 51(2): 54-60]