长沙市2～12 岁儿童睡眠障碍流行病学调查

目的：了解长沙市2～12岁儿童的睡眠时间和睡眠障碍的发生情况,为有针对性的进行干预提供指导。方法：2006年6月~2007年4月,在长沙市5个行政区采用分层随机抽样方法调查3 756名2～12 岁儿童的睡眠情况,由专人负责对其家长进行问卷调查。结果2～12 岁儿童每天平均睡眠时间为10.60 h。从2~12岁共11个年龄组儿童的每天平均睡眠时间分别为12.26,11.57,11.33,11.26,10.95,10.64,10.62,10.45,10.28,9.83和9.61 h。2～12 岁儿童睡眠障碍总发生率为40.9%,其中睡眠时频繁鼾症发生率为8.2%,喉头哽咽1.5%,睡眠呼吸暂停0.8%,睡眠不安7.6%,张口呼吸4.9%,睡眠中多汗22.6%,睡眠中肢体抽动3.2%,磨牙9.5%,梦呓5.5%,梦游0.9%,夜间遗尿2.5%(≥5岁),不明原因睡眠中觉醒或憋醒1.9%。白天睡得多、夜间清醒者1.5%,入睡过早 2.1%,易惊醒者1.6%,睡眠中出现尖叫、哭喊者1.8%。不同症状的发生率存在性别、年龄差异。结论长沙市2～5岁年龄组儿童睡眠时间略低于儿童保健学要求的同年龄段儿童睡眠时间需求标准,长沙市2～12 岁儿童睡眠障碍发生率较高,高于其他城市的调查水平,需引起儿童保健工作者及儿童父母的重视。     

2~12岁儿童睡眠障碍流行病学调查及影响因素分析

儿童睡眠障碍相关症状的总发生率为45．7%,其中异态睡眠发生率24．3%,入睡困难发生率为14．9%,嗜睡发生率为6．5%。睡眠障碍发生率学龄前儿童[2~6岁,51．6%(551/1067)]与学龄儿童[7~12岁,30．9%(134/433)]相比较,差异有统计学意义。影响儿童睡眠的可能危险因素是：年龄、呼吸系统疾病病史、父母吸烟史、父母打呼噜史、父母亲学历、睡眠环境等因素。结论梅州市妇幼保健院儿科住院的2~12岁儿童睡眠障碍发生率非常高。家庭社会环境和身体疾病是儿童睡眠障碍发生的主要影响因素。目的了解2~12岁儿童的睡眠状况和睡眠障碍的发生情况及可能影响因素。方法于2012年6月至2013年9月调查梅州市妇幼保健院儿科住院的1500例2~12岁儿童的睡眠状况,在严格质量控制的情况下,由专人负责对家长进行儿童家庭社会环境与睡眠状况的问卷调查。结果儿童睡眠障碍相关症状的总发生率为45．7%,其中异态睡眠发生率24．3%,入睡困难发生率为14．9%,嗜睡发生率为6．5%。睡眠障碍发生率学龄前儿童[2~6岁,51．6%(551/1067)]与学龄儿童[7~12岁,30．9%(134/433)]相比较,差异有统计学意义。影响儿童睡眠的可能危险因素是：年龄、呼吸系统疾病病史、父母吸烟史、父母打呼噜史、父母亲学历、睡眠环境等因素。结论梅州市妇幼保健院儿科住院的2~12岁儿童睡眠障碍发生率非常高。家庭社会环境和身体疾病是儿童睡眠障碍发生的主要影响因素。     

全国城市学龄儿童睡眠状况研究

目的 掌握全国城市学龄儿童的睡眠时间,分析这一年龄阶段儿童主要存在的睡眠问题及变化规律.方法 采用分级整群抽样,于2005年11-12月对我国9城市、55所小学的19 299名学龄儿童进行问卷调查,调查内容包括儿童个人基本情况(采用自制问卷)、睡眠习惯和睡眠问题(采用中文版儿童睡眠习惯问卷).结果 我国城市学龄儿童平均每日睡眠时间平时为9 h 10 min(标准差48 min),周末为9 h 48 min(标准差63 min),睡眠不足发生率平时为71.4%,周末为41.8%.各类型睡眠问题发生率波动于14.5%(睡眠呼吸障碍)～75.3%(白天嗜睡).男童与女童相比,睡眠焦虑的发生率略低(χ2=19.42,P＜0.01),但异态睡眠(χ2=13.76,P＜0.01)和睡眠呼吸障碍(χ2=119.83,P＜0.01)的发生率则高于女童.除夜醒问题外,其他类型睡眠问题均呈显著的年龄别差异.结论 我国城市学龄儿童睡眠状况值得忧虑,儿童睡眠健康问题应作为一重要"公共卫生问题",给予足够的重视.     

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目的了解贫困地区儿童睡眠状况,探讨提高儿童睡眠质量的措施。方法延边大学医院儿科于2005-10,应用澳大利亚悉尼大学儿童睡眠中心临床问卷的中国修订版,对贫困县(吉林省汪清县城区)750名2~6岁儿童的睡眠时间进行调查分析。结果儿童全天睡眠时间均值为(10·88±1·00)h,随着年龄的增长逐渐减少;各年龄组睡眠时间的差异非常显著(P<0·01);抚养人睡眠习惯、母亲学历、儿童性格倔强、患鼻炎和有出生窒息史等是睡眠时间的主要影响因素。结论贫困县2~6岁儿童全天睡眠时间明显低于上海地区和国外儿童,但与北京地区、延吉市儿童相似;做好儿童呼吸系统疾病的防治及心理卫生保健工作,提高母亲的睡眠质量,尽力为儿童提供良好的生活、睡眠环境,才能有效地保障他们拥有充足的睡眠时间。     

成都市2～12岁儿童睡眠时间的流行病学调查

目的 了解成都市2～12岁儿童睡眠时间及相关因素.方法 2004年9月至10月在成都市5城区中抽取2个区,共选取2个小学和2个幼儿园中的1600名2～12岁儿童,由专人对家长进行问卷调查.结果 实际回收有效问卷1526份.成都市幼儿组、学龄前组和学龄组平均睡眠时间分别是12.12、10.42和9.47h.各年龄组儿童全天睡眠时间明显低于儿童保健学各年龄组睡眠时间需求标准.与儿童睡眠时间的相关因素有性别、年龄、与父母同床睡、睡眠障碍、身高、体质量、父母文化程度、辅食添加时间等.结论 目前成都市儿童睡眠时间普遍偏少,主要影响因素与社会家庭环境有关,尤其是父母的因素.     

西安城区6～13岁儿童睡眠状况及其相关因素分析

目的 了解儿童睡眠状况及其相关因素.方法 于2005年11月采用分层随机抽样方法 在西安城区选取2 037名6～13岁儿童进行学龄儿童家庭社会环境与睡眠健康问卷调查.结果 6～13岁儿童午睡、夜睡和全天的睡眠次数随年龄的增长而减少(F=18.28～65.35,P均＜0.01),同时夜睡及全天睡眠时间也随年龄的增长而逐渐减少(F=22.290、45.333,P均＜0.01).影响儿童睡眠时间的因素主要有:儿童年龄、家庭作业量、居室环境、睡眠卫生习惯(就寝时间、睡前活动、入睡方式)、抚养人每天总睡眠时间.结论 西安城区6～13岁儿童睡眠时间不足,睡眠障碍的发生率较高,应该引起关注.     

温州地区2～12岁儿童睡眠障碍流行病学调查

目的　了解温州地区 2～ 12岁儿童睡眠障碍的发生情况及其相关因素。方法　 2 0 0 2年 6月至 2 0 0 3年 6月 ,随机抽样调查温州市鹿城区 2～ 12岁儿童 ,发放调查问卷 3330份 ,对回收的合格问卷进行分析。结果　实际接受调查人数 3317名 ,男 1885名 ,女 14 32名。睡眠障碍发生率为 5 1 5 % ,部分睡眠障碍症状的发生率存在年龄组的差异。幼儿组儿童全天睡眠时间为 (11 31± 1 4 9)h ,学龄前期组 (10 2 7± 1 2 0 )h ,学龄期组 (9 5 9±1 31)h ,各年龄组儿童全天睡眠时间明显低于儿童保健学各年龄儿童睡眠时间需求标准。结论　目前儿童睡眠障碍发生率较高 ,睡眠时间较前普遍有所减少 ,儿科和儿童保健医务人员应加强对儿童睡眠疾病重要性的认识 ,提高儿童父母的自我保健意识 ,控制危险因素 ,早期发现 ,早期干预和治疗。     

新疆不同民族、不同地区6～14岁儿童睡眠状况流行病学调查

目的 了解新疆不同民族、不同地区6～14岁儿童睡眠状况及其相关因素.方法 2009年10-12月在新疆地区6个县、2个市随机抽取6～14岁不同民族儿童,由专人负责对其家长进行儿童家庭、社会环境与睡眠健康问卷调查,实际发放调查问卷总数为7 011份,回收问卷6 893份(回收率为98.00%),剔除＞14岁及＜6岁的儿童问卷,有效问卷6 833份.结果 新疆不同民族6～14岁儿童平时平均每天睡眠时间比较,哈萨克族、维吾尔族儿童睡眠时间较汉族、回族儿童睡眠时间长.在被调查的儿童中,睡眠障碍者占33.3%.其中哈萨克族儿童睡眠障碍发生率为45.85%,汉族为40.78%,维吾尔族为18.42%,回族为28.16%.不同民族常见的睡眠障碍表现亦有差别.影响儿童睡眠时间的主要因素有完成家庭作业所需时间、母乳喂养断乳时间、孩子吃晚餐时间、民族、是否用摇床等,而睡眠障碍发生的主要危险因素有曾长期或近期服用某些药物、民族、常患感冒、家庭人均住房面积、家族中有人有睡眠障碍、与父母同睡等.结论 新疆不同民族儿童普遍存在睡眠时间不足、睡眠质量差,睡眠障碍的发生率较高,其中哈萨克族及汉族儿童尤为显著.儿童睡眠状况应予以重视.     

朝鲜族儿童睡眠时间调查分析

目的 了解朝鲜族儿童的睡眠状况,探讨提高少数民族儿童睡眠质量的措施.方法 应用一般情况调查问卷和澳大利亚悉尼大学儿童睡眠中心临床问卷的中国修订版,对1 183名3～12岁朝鲜族儿童少年的睡眠时间进行调查分析,并比较不同年龄、不同城市儿童睡眠时间.结果 朝鲜族儿童全天睡眠时间为(10.06±1.29)h;睡眠时间随年龄的增长逐渐减少,各年龄组睡眠时间差异非常显著(Pa＜0.01);城市儿童睡眠时间少于农村儿童;抚养人睡眠习惯、母亲学历、儿童睡眠环境、独自睡眠、呼吸系统疾病等是睡眠时间的主要影响因素.结论 朝鲜族儿童全天睡眠时间偏少,可能与朝鲜族的遗传和生活习俗有关;提高母亲的睡眠质量,为儿童提供良好的生活、睡眠环境,可有效保障其充足的睡眠时间.     

新疆阿勒泰市汉族和哈族学龄儿童睡眠状况流行病学调查

目的 了解新疆阿勒泰市汉族和哈族学龄儿童睡眠障碍的发生情况及民族差异性、儿童睡眠时间.方法 采取随机整群抽样方法,对阿勒泰市1 096名汉族及988名哈族6～13岁学龄儿童进行睡眠状况的问卷调查(包括父母及儿童问卷).结果 新疆阿勒泰市汉族和哈族学龄儿童各种睡眠障碍总发生率为33.16%,其中哈族儿童发生率为35.83%,汉族儿童为30.75%,两者差异有统计学意义(X2=6.05,P=0.01).哈族儿童睡眠不安、肢体抽动、梦呓、梦游、梦魇和夜惊的发生率较汉族儿童高.在儿童睡眠呼吸障碍相关症状中,习惯性打鼾的总发生率为2.5%,若加上儿童问卷报告的例数,其总发生率升至4.75%,其中哈族为4.76%,汉族为4.74%,两者差异无统计学意义(P=0.989).哈族和汉族学龄儿童在睡眠呼吸障碍的其他相关症状如睡眠呼吸暂停、张口呼吸、喉头哽噎和遗尿等的发生率上差异均无统计学意义.哈族和汉族儿童总的平均睡眠时间为10.67 h,各年龄段儿童平均每天睡眠时间均不低于国内外报道的数据.结论 新疆阿勒泰市汉族和哈族学龄儿童睡眠障碍总发生率高于国内外报道;哈族较汉族儿童睡眠障碍总体发生率及睡眠不安、肢体抽动、梦呓和梦游等的发生率高,应引起社会各界及儿科工作者足够重视.习惯性打鼾总发牛率为4.75%,哈族和汉族学龄儿童习惯性打鼾及其他睡眠呼吸障碍相关症状的发生率差异无统计学意义.哈族儿童的睡眠障碍总体发牛率比汉族儿童高.     

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??Objective To understand the trend of inhaled allergen positive rate among 0-12-year-old children from 2006 to 2013 in Chongqing Children’s Hospital??and to provide evidence for preventing allergic rhinitis in children. Methods??All cases were collected from Otorhinolaryngological Department of the Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from 1st January??2006 to 29th October??2013. Totally 10983 children with allergic rhinitis aged 0-12 years old in Chongqing urban districts were enrolled. All the patients underwent skin prick test??SPT?? with 13 standardized common inhalant allergens. Then the children were divided into the infants group??aged??3 years????preschool children??3 years≤aged??7 years?? and school-age children??7 years≤aged??12 years?? according to age. The trend of inhaled allergen positive rate over 8 years was observed. Results From 2006 to 2013??the SPT positive rate increased sharply??then tended to be stable??and then decreased slowly??Curve Estimation??R 2??0.836??adjustment R 2??0.770. ANOVA test??F??12.727??P??0.011??. It may be related to meteorological factors. With the growth of age??the positive rates of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus??Dermatophagus farinae??Blomia tropicalis??Cockroaches??cat fur??dog fur and mugwort increased??which were 121.200??123.060??103.237??104.784??17.042??8.515 and 11.256??respectively????P was 0.000??0.000??0.000??0.000??0.000??0.014 and 0.004??respectively??. Conclusion ??Meteorological factors and age may have effects on allergic rhinitis??AR?? in children??with the growth of age??the positive rates of inhaled allergens have tendency variation.     

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目的 分析2～12岁儿童的睡眠状况及睡眠障碍的发生情况及可能影响因素.方法 对2007年11月至2008年3月中国医科大学附属盛京医院儿科门急诊就诊的300例2～12岁儿童的睡眠状况进行调查,在严格质量控制的情况下由专人负责对家长进行儿童家庭社会环境与睡眠状况的问卷调查.结果 所调查儿童睡眠障碍相关症状的总发生率为65.72%(186/283),入睡困难发生率为19.43%(55/283),嗜睡发生率为7.42%(21/283).2～12岁儿童平均每日睡眠时间不等,最长(11.75±1.19)h,最短(9.00±0.84)h.影响儿童睡眠的可能危险因素是:性别、年龄、呼吸系统疾病史、父母吸烟史、父母学历、父母打呼噜史、睡眠环境等因素.结论 中国医科大学附属盛京医院儿科门急诊就诊的2～12岁儿童睡眠障碍发生率非常高.家庭社会环境和身体疾病是儿童睡眠障碍发生的主要影响因素.     

A comparison of sleeping problems in school-age children between rural and urban communities in China

Aim:   To investigate differences in sleeping behaviours in school-age children between urban and rural Chinese communities.
Methods:   Children aged between 6 and 12 years old were selected from rural ( n = 472) and urban communities ( n = 576). Children's sleep habits questionnaire was completed by the parents to assess sleep patterns and sleep problems of the children.
Results:   In the 6–8 and 9–12 years groups, the average sleep time in urban children was shorter than in the children from rural areas (9.0 ± 1.1 vs. 11.3 ± 1.1 h, and 9.2 ± 1.0 vs. 10.2 ± 0.9 h, respectively, all P < 0.01). The rate of abnormal sleep behaviour in the urban and rural cohort was 82.8 and 70.1%, respectively ( P < 0.05). The prevalence of sleep delays in the 6- to 8-year-old children from urban areas was higher than in the rural areas (60.3 vs. 40.3%, P < 0.01). In the urban 9–12 years group, the rate of day-time sleepiness was higher than in the rural group (52.6 vs. 26.8%, P < 0.01), whereas the night waking rate was lower (43.8 vs. 58.6%, P < 0.01). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the location of the residence, mother's age, parent's sleep habits and education levels predict the sleeping problems in these children.
Conclusion:   Children from urban communities appear to have sleeping problems than children from a rural setting. A parent's sleep habits, education levels and the location of children's residence have significant impact on the children's sleep behaviour and habits.     

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目的了解南京市儿童过敏性鼻炎流行病特征患儿生活质量相关问题及家长对过敏性鼻炎认知程度.方法 2004年3～4月,南京军区南京总医院选择南京市区7所小学的三年级学生(9～10岁)为研究对象,设计"南京市儿童呼吸道疾病问卷调查表",问卷内容包括基线指标(年龄、性别、病程、家族史、基础疾病、诱因、居住环境、治疗情况、上年度学习成绩)及生活质量相关问题(睡眠、性格、记忆等).结果 (1)实际调查总数为1087份,应答989份,有效问卷942份.(2)南京市9～10岁儿童过敏性鼻炎现患率为5.1%(48/942),男、女无统计学差异.持续性占45.8%(22/48),其中轻度10例(20.8%)、中～重度12例(25.0%);间歇性占54.2%(26/48),其中轻度22例(45.8%)、中～重度4例(8.3%).(3)鼻塞273例(273/942),其中影响睡眠94例(34.5%);鼻塞程度对学习成绩的影响有统计学意义;(4)过敏性鼻炎对睡眠状态、性格、记忆影响有统计学意义.(5)有家族史27.1%(13/48).(6)发病诱因粉尘或刺激性气体33.4%(16/48)、花粉37.5%(18/48)、宠物21%(10/48).(7)仅4%(2/48)患儿家长了解鼻用糖皮质激素使用的个性化原则,无一位家长了解WHO-ARIA指南中阶梯治疗方案.结论鼻塞对学习成绩影响有显著意义,过敏性鼻炎对睡眠状态、性格、记忆等影响有显著意义.遗传和环境因素在过敏性鼻炎发病机制中有重要作用.家长对过敏性鼻炎认知程度较低.     

上海地区学龄儿童睡眠质量变化的追踪研究

目的 追踪研究上海地区学龄儿童睡眠质量的变化趋势,进一步分析影响儿童睡眠质量的高危因素.方法 采用分层整群随机抽样方法,使用国际标准化儿童睡眠评估问卷(中文版CSHQ)于2005年与2009年对覆盖上海市城区和郊区的10个区县的同样10所小学的五年级学生进行问卷调查.其中2005年采用"区-学校-年级-班"的技术路线,抽取样本884人;2009年在2005年相同的10所小学以年级为最小单位进行调查,抽取样本2161人.主要对2005年以及2009年两个样本8种反映睡眠质量的参数进行比较分析,对影响睡眠质量的高危因素进行深入分析.结果 与2005年相比,2009年学龄儿童睡眠质量不良的比例由29.2%下降至27.9%,其中就寝习惯不良的比例由33.1%下降至28.7%、睡眠焦虑由50.6%下降至39.8%、夜醒由25.2%下降至21.5%、异态睡眠由51.2%下降至45.8%.校正年龄、性别以及家庭社会经济状况后,儿童睡眠质量较差主要与繁重的课业负担、平时使用电脑的时间过长、睡眠时卧房开灯、与父母/照养人同床睡、慢性疾病的影响及父母的作息习惯不良等有关.结论 上海学龄儿童睡眠质量整体近年来略呈上升趋势,但仍有1/4以上的儿童睡眠质量不佳.加强父母的睡眠卫生知识教育、帮助儿童养成良好的睡眠习惯,可能是最终改善儿童睡眠质量的有效途径.

Abstract：

Objective China has undergone massive socioeconomic change during the past several years, and its impact on children's sleep is still unrecognized.Shanghai, as one of typical economically fastdeveloping cities, was chosen as observational city in this study, which was designed to explore trends in sleep quality in Shanghai school-aged children and related high risk factors on sleep quality. Method Totally 884 fifth grade school-aged students were sampled by stratified cluster random sampling method from 10 primary schools of Shanghai in 2005, then four years later in 2009, 2161 same grade students were sampled from the same schools.Chinese version of Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) was used to evaluate 8 sleep quality parameters among those children, and high risk factors on school-aged children's sleep quality were investigated as well.Result The prevalence of poor sleep quality decreased from 29.2%in 2005 to 27.9% in 2009, and among 8 sleep quality parameters, bedtime resistance decreased from 33.1% to 28.7%, sleep anxiety from 50.6% to 39.8%, night waking from 25.2% to 21.5%, and parasomnia from 51.2% to 45.8%.The factors, such as heavier homework burden, longer daily computer use, bright light during sleep, cosleeping, existence of chronic disease and irregular sleep habits of parents,were associated with poor sleep quality of school-aged children after adjusting for children's age, gender, and family social-economic status.Conclusion Part of sleep quality parameters improved during the past 4 years, but current situation is still tough with more than 1/4 poor sleep quality children.Helping children to develop good sleep hygiene as well as educating parents how to shape children's regular sleep habits might be effective methods to improve children's sleep quality.     

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??Abstract??Objective??To study the clinical features of hand-foot-mouth disease ??HFMD?? caused by enterovirus 71 ??EV71?? infection. Methods Clinical data of hospitalized children with hand-foot-mouth disease caused by EV71 infection from May 2010 to August 2010 were analyzed retrospectively. The difference of clinical manifestation and results of auxiliary examination between intensive HFMD group and serious HFMD group were compared. Results??High fever and nontypical skin rash showed significant difference between intensive group and serious group??P = 0.002??P = 0.000??respectively???? 120 EV71-positived HFMD cases ??99.17%?? showed neurological impairments. The major neurological features included fatigue ??84.30%????frequent vomiting ??65.30%????limb tremble ??60.33%?? and sleep disorders ??53.72%??. The rate of abnormal knee reflex was 52.07% in physical examination. The incidence of vomiting??P = 0.001????unconsciousness ??P = 0.000????abnormal muscular tension??P = 0.000????abnormal heart rate ??P = 0.000????dysarteriotony ??P = 0.000????capillary refill time being more than 3 seconds ??CRT > 3 s?? ??P = 0.000????tachypnea or dyspnea ??P = 0.000?? and pulmonary exudative lesion in chest X-ray ??P = 0.000?? was morefrequent in serious group compared with intensive group??There were 51 cases ??42.15% ?? with a peripheral blood WBC count of more than 12 × 109/L or less than 4×109/L??52 cases ??42.98% ?? with blood glucose level of more than 6 mmol/L and cardiac troponin I elevated in 22 cases ??18.18%??. The above three indexes were significantly different between two groups ??P < 0.000??respectively??. Conclusion??HFMD caused by EV71 infection often shows neurological impairments. High fever??nontypical skin rash??frequent vomiting??unconsciousness??abnormal muscular tension??abnormal heart rate??dysarteriotony??CRT > 3s??tachypnea or dyspnea??and pulmonary exudative lesion are risk factors of serious HFMD. Early identification and correct treatment are the key to the rescue of serious HFMD.     

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目的 了解宁夏地区儿童睡眠障碍的发生状况及其影响因素.方法 2007年2-7月,对宁夏地区市、县、乡13所学校6000名6～14岁儿童采用问卷调查的方法,由专人负责进行睡眠障碍发生情况及家庭社会环境因素调查.结果 收回合格问卷5632份,回收率93.87%.睡眠障碍的发生率为16.26%,其中,睡行症62例次(6.5%),睡眠打鼾243例次(25.7%),张口呼吸167例次(17.6%),憋醒137例次(14.5%),睡眠中呼吸暂停33例次(3.5%),睡眠中肢体抽动173例次(18.3%),遗尿132例次(13.9%).不同症状发生率存在年龄差异,睡眠呼吸暂停在6～8岁年龄段发生率高,遗尿在>8～11岁、>11～14岁组发生率高.睡眠障碍发生的主要影响因素为父母打鼾、早产和鼻炎.结论 宁夏地区6～14岁儿童睡眠障碍的检出率较高,多种因素可以造成儿童睡眠障碍,应引起儿科、儿保医生及儿童家长的重视.     

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??Objective??To evaluate sleep habits and related affecting factors in children with epilepsy aged from 7 to 14 years old. Methods??By asking parents and guardians?? the children's sleep habit questionnaire was used to evaluate sleep habits of 162 children with epilepsy and 162 normal controls. Results??The mean score on the sleep questionnaire for children with epilepsy was 32.4±3.6 ??P < 0.01???? whereas for the normal control group it was 58.8±3.3 ??P < 0.01??. In children with epilepsy?? neuropsychomotor developmental delay had higher scores??49.9±7.3?? than that of appropriate development ??43.5±8.1??P < 0.01??. The group under polytherapy ??54.3±5.7?? had a higher score than that under monotherapy??42.9±6.3??. In addition?? the mean score for patients with daytime seizures was 44.1±7.6??and for those with nocturnal seizures it was 52.3±5.7 ??P < 0.01??. The mean score for children with partial seizures was 41.6±4.9??and for those with generalized seizures it was 47.4±8.7 ??P < 0.01??. Conclusion??Children with epilepsy are prone to have sleep disorders. Many factors?? such as neuropsychomotor development??seizure type??seizure frequency and therapy of seizures?? can affect their sleep habits.     

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??Abstracts?? Objective To explore the prevalence and risk factors of asthma in children aged 0??14 years old in Changle rural area?? providing data for prevention and treatment of childhood asthma in rural area. Methods Multi-stage?? stratified and random cluster sampling was used to recruit children. The same screening questionnaires for the national epidemiological survey of children’s asthma were distributed among parents of children aged 0??14 years old at schools??kindergartens and communities. Asthmatic children were picked among the screening-positive children based on on-the-spot inquiries??physical examinations??medical records and supporting test results??Further survey of asthmatics was carried out to investigate the diagnosis and treatment status of childhood asthma and other associated allergic diseases. Results Among a total of 6000 questionnaires?? 5860 were completed with a response rate of 96.67%; and 135 ??2.3%??children were recognized as asthma??typical asthma??n=119??2.03%???? cough variant asthma??n=13??0.22%?? and suspected asthma??n=3??0.05%????. The prevalence of asthma was higher in boys??n=81??2.51%?? than in girls??n=38?? 1.44%?? ??χ2=8.27??P??0.05??. Conclusions The prevalence of asthma is 2.03% in children under 14 years old in Changle rural area and it varies in children with different genders and ages??Taking the age of onset into account?? the asthma prevalence was lowest in the children aged 0??1 years old??0.37%??2/533???? and highest??5.32%??20/376????in those aged 3??4 years old??The main cause of asthma in children is upper respiratory tract infection?? and the important risks include individual allergic history?? family history and genders.