肝硬化患者心功能改变及其与肝功能的关系

目的研究肝硬化患者的心脏结构和功能变化,探讨其与肝功能的关系。方法 35例肝硬化患者按照肝功能Child-Pugh分级,A级12例（A组）,B级13例（B组）,C级10例（C组）。20例健康体检者为对照组。利用超声心动图测量静息状态下左室射血分数（EF）、左室直径（Vd）、左房直径（LAs）、右室直径（RVd）、E/A比值、室间隔厚度（IVS）、左室后壁厚度（LVPW）、主动脉瓣环直径（AAO）等指标。结果肝硬化组LAs大于对照组（P=0.000）,A组与B组间比较差异无统计学意义（P=0.248）,A组与C组比较,A组LAs小于C组（P=0.039）,B组与C组比较,B组LAs小于C组（P=0.008）。肝硬化组AAO大于对照组（P=0.000）;IVS肝硬化组大于对照组（P=0.026）;E/A值肝硬化组小于对照组（P=0.002）。结论肝硬化患者存在左心功能不全,以舒张功能不全为主,并与肝功能具有一定关系,提示肝硬化心肌病的存在。当肝硬化患者行心脏二维多普勒超声出现LAs增大、E/A〈1时需注意肝硬化心肌病的可能。     

Splenectomy improves liver function in patients with liver cirrhosis

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Partial splenic embolization or splenectomy has been reported to improve liver function as well as hypersplenism. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of splenectomy in patients with liver cirrhosis (LC) on liver function. METHODOLOGY: Twelve consecutive patients with LC were followed for more than 6 months using laboratory examinations, ultrasonography (US) and computed tomography. Portal blood flow was measured using color Doppler US before and after splenectomy in 6 cases. RESULTS: Hypersplenism was improved in all patients. Protein synthesis in the liver was improved, which significantly correlated with these patients' increased liver volume. Having a large spleen and a low serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels are predictive factors for favorable improvement of liver function after splenectomy. Splenectomy was safely carried out in all patients without major complications except for portal thrombus occurred in 4 patients, but did not affect liver function if it was well treated. CONCLUSIONS: Splenectomy improved liver function in patients with LC, and could be a supportive and bridging therapy for patients waiting for liver transplantation, especially with large spleen and lower ALT levels.     

Renal function and cognitive impairment in patients with liver cirrhosis

OBJECTIVE: Cognitive impairment is a common problem in patients with liver cirrhosis. Its pathogenesis is multifactorial and ammonia is considered to play a central role. Renal function has been shown to be important for ammonia metabolism in cirrhosis. Although renal dysfunction is common in cirrhotic patients, its effect on cognitive function is largely unexplored. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 128 consecutive cirrhotic patients were prospectively evaluated for the presence of cognitive dysfunction according to the West-Haven criteria and by means of two psychometric tests. Serum creatinine, sodium and potassium as well as plasma ammonia concentrations were assessed. Glomerular filtration rate was also measured by (51)Cr- EDTA clearance in a subgroup of patients. RESULTS: Forty-one patients (32%) were found to have cognitive dysfunction (clinical evaluation and/or psychometric tests). Sixteen patients (13%) found with serum creatinine levels above reference values had cognitive dysfunction more frequently than patients with creatinine within the normal range (69% versus 31%; p = 0.001), but did not differ in aetiology or severity of cirrhosis (p >0.1). Patients with loop diuretics versus without did not differ in creatinine values (p >0.1). Multivariate analysis showed that cognitive dysfunction was related to hospital admission at inclusion in the study, international normalized ratio and serum creatinine (p <0.05 for all), but not to potassium or sodium levels. Plasma ammonia concentration was related to serum creatinine (r = 0.26, p = 0.004) and the glomerular filtration rate (r = -0.44, p = 0.023). CONCLUSIONS: Renal dysfunction seems to be related to cognitive impairment in patients with liver cirrhosis and might be implicated in the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy.     

Renal function and cognitive impairment in patients with liver cirrhosis

Objective. Cognitive impairment is a common problem in patients with liver cirrhosis. Its pathogenesis is multifactorial and ammonia is considered to play a central role. Renal function has been shown to be important for ammonia metabolism in cirrhosis. Although renal dysfunction is common in cirrhotic patients, its effect on cognitive function is largely unexplored. Material and methods. A total of 128 consecutive cirrhotic patients were prospectively evaluated for the presence of cognitive dysfunction according to the West-Haven criteria and by means of two psychometric tests. Serum creatinine, sodium and potassium as well as plasma ammonia concentrations were assessed. Glomerular filtration rate was also measured by ⁵¹Cr- EDTA clearance in a subgroup of patients. Results. Forty-one patients (32%) were found to have cognitive dysfunction (clinical evaluation and/or psychometric tests). Sixteen patients (13%) found with serum creatinine levels above reference values had cognitive dysfunction more frequently than patients with creatinine within the normal range (69% versus 31%; p=0.001), but did not differ in aetiology or severity of cirrhosis (p>0.1). Patients with loop diuretics versus without did not differ in creatinine values (p>0.1). Multivariate analysis showed that cognitive dysfunction was related to hospital admission at inclusion in the study, international normalized ratio and serum creatinine (p<0.05 for all), but not to potassium or sodium levels. Plasma ammonia concentration was related to serum creatinine (r=0.26, p=0.004) and the glomerular filtration rate (r=?0.44, p=0.023). Conclusions. Renal dysfunction seems to be related to cognitive impairment in patients with liver cirrhosis and might be implicated in the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy.     

Thyroid gland function in obesity]

It is reported on in vitro tests of the thyroid gland in 7 males with normal weight and 9 adipose ones. No clear difference was found in the two groups. The TSH level, too, after TRH stimulation is not significantly different so that a latent primary hypothyroidism cannot be ascertained.     

Serum C3 complement concentrations correlate with liver function in patients with liver cirrhosis

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The aim of this study was to investigate whether C3 and C4 serum complement concentrations have prognostic relevance for patients with liver cirrhosis. METHODOLOGY: Serum complement concentrations of C3 and C4 were measured in 69 patients with liver cirrhosis and correlated with the Child-Pugh score. RESULTS: C3 concentrations were 1.06+/-0.21 g/L in patients with Child-Pugh A liver cirrhosis and significantly lower in Child-Pugh B (0.78+/-0.24 g/L) and even lower Child-Pugh C (0.49+/-0.14 g/L) (p=0.006 B vs. A, p<0.001 C vs. B). Patients with consecutive hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) had the lowest C3 concentrations (0.44+/-0.05 g/L (Child-Pugh C +HRS) vs. 0.54+/-0.06g/dL (Child-Pugh C -HRS); p<0.05). C4 concentrations were 0.21+/-0.08 in Child-Pugh A and significantly lower in Child-Pugh B (0.11+/-0.04) and Child-Pugh C (0.09+/-0.04) patients (p<0.001). There was a negative correlation between C3 (r = -0.81, p<0.001) and C4 (r = -0.51, p<0.05) concentrations and the Child-Pugh score. CONCLUSIONS: Serum complement concentrations of C3 and C4 correlate negatively with the Child-Pugh score in patients with liver cirrhosis. C3 concentrations are lower in those Child-Pugh C cirrhosis patients with consecutive development of HRS.     

肝硬化患者体表胃电图参数与肝功能损害程度的相关性研究

探讨肝硬化患者体表胃电图参数变化与肝功能及检验指标间的关系。对63例肝硬化患者和20例健康志愿者进行体表胃电图记录和化验检查。将健康对照组、Child-pugh分级A级、B级、C级四级受试者进行两两比较,主频和胃电节律紊乱百分比均有显著差异;胃电节律紊乱百分比与肝功能检验指标进行相关性分析,发现白蛋白和血小板计数与胃电节律紊乱百分比存在直线负相关关系(r分别为-0.723和-0.704)。1.肝硬化患者存在明显胃电节律紊乱,并随肝功能损害程度加重而加重;2.白蛋白和血小板计数与肝硬化患者胃电节律紊乱关系密切,可用于判断肝硬化患者胃动力障碍情况。     

肝功能评级指标预测肝硬化患者食管静脉曲张程度价值分析

目的探讨门静脉内径(PV)、血清钠(Na+)水平、凝血酶原时间(PT)、Child-Pugh评分(CPS)、终末期肝病模型(MELD)及MELD-Na评分对预测食管静脉曲张(EV)程度的意义。方法回顾性分析96例肝硬化患者的临床资料,计算Child-Pugh分级、CPS、MELD及MELD-Na评分。根据胃镜检查结果将EV程度分为轻、中、重度三组,分析以上各指标与EV程度的关系,并运用受试者工作特征曲线下面积(AUC)评价上述无创性指标预测中重度EV的能力。结果 EV程度与Child-Pugh分级或评分、PV、MELD评分及MELD-Na评分均呈正相关(r值分别为0.281、0.371、0.302、0.500、0.537,P均<0.05);与血清钠呈负相关(r=-0.574,P<0.05)。Na+水平的AUC为0.780,当Na+水平<133.25mmol/L时预测中重度EV的敏感度为97.7%,特异度为76.9%。结论 Child-Pugh分级和评分、PV、Na+水平、MELD及MELD-Na评分均能较好地反映EV程度;Na+水平是预测中重度EV较敏感的无创性指标。     

Role of des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin in assessment of liver function and prognosis of patients with liver cirrhosis

正Objective To investigate the role of des-gammacarboxy prothrombin (DCP) in assessment of liver function and prognosis of patients with liver cirrhosis.Meth-o dsFrom January 2013 to August 2016, a total of 137patients with liver cirrhosis in Shanghai Changzheng Hospital were enrolled. The serum DCP level was measured,the clinical data was collected and the complication and     

门奇断流术治疗对肝硬化门脉高压患者肝功能影响

目的分析门奇断流术治疗对肝硬化门脉高压患者肝功能影响。方法选取肝硬化门脉高压患者82例,按不同的治疗方式分为两组,各41例。对照组实施双介入栓塞术治疗,研究组采用门奇断流术治疗,对比两组患者治疗前及治疗后1个月血常规变化情况、肝功能变化情况及治疗情况。结果治疗前,两组患者血常规及肝功能差异无统计学意义(P 0. 05);治疗后1个月,研究组血小板计数、白细胞计数较对照组增多,差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05)。治疗后研究组凝血酶原活动度及白蛋白分别为(79. 4±5. 2)%、(28. 6±2. 1) g/L,较对照组的(69. 3±6. 0)%、(24. 0±2. 8) g/L提高,差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05);研究组红细胞计数,总胆红素及丙氨酸转氨酶与对照组相比,差异无统计学意义(P 0. 05);研究组复发率(7. 3%)较对照组(26. 8%)降低,差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05);研究组病死率(4. 9%)与对照组(9. 8%)比较,差异无统计学意义(P 0. 05)。结论对肝硬化门脉高压患者实施门奇断流术治疗,有助于改善血细胞及肝功能水平,降低复发率,改善预后,具有临床应用价值。     

Noninvasive quantitative testing of liver function using ultrasonography in patients with cirrhosis

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Chronic liver disease is characterized by progressive hepatic fibrosis and changes in hepatic hemodynamics. Although there are sufficient hemodynamic ultrasonography data about patients with liver cirrhosis, reports of combinations of these data are insufficient. This study aimed to address the possibility of noninvasive diagnosis for the degree of hepatic fibrosis by evaluating the ultrasonography score, HCI (Hepatic Circulation Index), A/P (The peak velocity of hepatic artery/The peak velocity of portal vein), and CAT (hepatic vein circulation time) in patients with cirrhosis. METHODOLOGY: 53 cirrhosis patients underwent ultrasonographically-guided liver biopsy to confirm the diagnosis of cirrhosis. Values were correlated with the ultrasonography score, blood fibrosis makers, metabolic liver function tests and Child-Pugh classification. RESULTS: 53 patients participated in this study. The fibrosis stage of a total of 53 patients was > or = S2; 22.6% of the patients (n= 12) had cirrhosis of Child-Pugh grade A, 41.5% of grade B (n=22) and 35.9% of grade C (n=19). Liver function showed a steady decrease from Child-Pugh grade A to grade B and to grade C. In contrast, ultrasonography score was significantly increased in Child-Pugh grade A, B and C patients compared to healthy controls. Differences between the three Child grades were significant. CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasonography score and A/P correlated with Child-Pugh grades and HCI, CAT correlated inversely with Child-Pugh grades so they may be useful tools to predict prognosis or complications in cirrhosis.     

The effect of propranolol on thyroid function in patients with liver cirrhosis

The effect of propranolol on thyroid hormones of 7 healthy subjects and 10 patients with histologically proven alcoholic liver cirrhosis was investigated. The fractions of plasma T3 and free T4 were determined by specific radioimmunoassay before and after two weeks of propranolol administration. Under basal conditions, both T3 and FT4 levels were found significantly lower in patients with cirrhosis than in healthy subjects (1.86 +/- 0.10 vs. 1.18 +/- 0.41 nmol/l, p less than 0.001; 9.31 +/- 0.41 vs. 8.17 +/- 0.91 pg/ml, p less than 0.05, respectively). In healthy subjects propranolol administration led to a significant reduction of T3 serum levels (from 1.88 +/- 0.10 to 1.51 +/- 0.12 nmol/L, p less than 0.001), while in patients with liver cirrhosis no significant changes in T3 and FT4 were found. In patients with liver cirrhosis propranolol administration did not affect thyroid hormone levels.     

Spider angiomas in patients with liver cirrhosis: role of alcoholism and impaired liver function.

BACKGROUND: Spider angioma is a common sign in patients with liver cirrhosis, but the pathogenesis is still unclear. Alcohol and hyperestrogenemia are both possible etiologies. This study was designed to investigate the relationship of spider angiomas in patients with liver cirrhosis to alcohol, liver function test results, and plasma levels of sex hormones. METHODS: Eighty-two patients with liver cirrhosis and 18 healthy subjects were enrolled in this study. The number, size, and location of the spider angiomas were recorded for all subjects. Plasma levels of estradiol and testosterone were measured. RESULTS: Cirrhotic patients had significantly higher estradiol/testosterone ratios (26.8 +/- 5.1 x 10(-3) versus 8.8 +/- 2.0 x 10(-3); P = 0.002) than healthy controls. Twenty-seven (33%) of the 82 cirrhotic patients had spider angiomas. Cirrhotic patients with spider angiomas were younger (56 +/- 3 versus 66 +/- 1 years; P = 0.002) and had higher serum bilirubin levels (3.3 +/- 0.6 versus 1.7 +/- 0.2 mg/dl; P = 0.002), longer prothrombin time (16.8 +/- 0.8 versus 14.8 +/- 0.4 sec; P = 0.01), and higher prevalence of alcoholism (41% versus 20%; P = 0.04) than those without. Stepwise logistic regression showed that alcoholism and serum bilirubin level were the only significant and independent predictors associated with the presence of spider angiomas in cirrhotic patients (odds ratio = 3.5; 95% confidence interval = 1.2-10.8; P = 0.03, and odds ratio = 2.8; 95% confidence interval = 1.3-5.7; P = 0.006, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Alcoholism and impaired liver function are important predictors of the presence of spider angiomas in patients with liver cirrhosis.     

肝硬化患者凝血功能检测分析

目的分析肝硬化患者凝血指标随肝功能损害程度的变化,并探讨其临床意义。方法测定肝硬化组（50例）和对照组（40例）血浆凝血酶原时间（PT）、活化部分凝血活酶时间（APTT）、凝血酶时间（TT）和纤维蛋白原（FIB）。结果肝硬化组凝血指标与对照组比较,PT、APTT、TT均明显延长,差异有显著统计学意义（P〈0.01）,FIB明显下降,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。肝硬化失代偿组PT、APTT、TT及FIB与代偿组比较,差异有显著统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论凝血指标可以客观准确的评价肝硬化患者的凝血功能,能够发现早期肝病造成的凝血机制障碍,对肝硬化出血患者的抢救和治疗具有重要意义。     

Antidiuretic hormone and renal function after water loading in patients with cirrhosis of the liver

Renal function and plasma antidiuretic hormone (ADH) levels were studied basally and after oral water load in four groups of subjects: 15 healthy controls (group I), 15 cirrhotics without ascites (group II), 15 cirrhotics with ascites (group III), and 10 decompensated cirrhotics with hyponatremia (group IV). Renal function and ADH levels were normal in group II. In groups III and IV water diuresis and fractional proximal sodium excretion were significantly decreased, whereas fractional distal sodium resorption and fractional excretion of potassium did not differ from those of controls. Basal ADH was significantly increased only in patients of group IV. In these patients ADH remained abnormally high after water loading. ADH did not correlate with water diuresis, plasma osmolality, mean arterial pressure, and plasma renin activity. We conclude that impaired water excretion in decompensated cirrhotics without hyponatremia cannot be ascribed to high serum levels of ADH. On the contrary, it seems to be related mainly to a reduced delivery of filtrate to the diluting segment of the nephron. In cirrhotic patients with hyponatremia high levels of ADH may play an additional role.