肠淋巴液引流对创伤失血性休克大鼠多器官自由基与一氧化氮的影响

目的 观察肠淋巴液引流对创伤失血性休克(T/HS)大鼠肺、肝、肾、心肌组织丙二醛(MDA)与一氧化氮(NO)的影响,探讨休克肠淋巴液引流减轻T/HS大鼠多器官损伤的机制.方法 Wistar雄性大鼠分为对照组、淋巴液引流组与淋巴液回流组,后两组复制T/HS模型,淋巴液引流组行肠淋巴液引流.在液体复苏后3h或相当时间点,留取各组大鼠肺、肝、肾、心肌组织,检测各组织匀浆MDA与NO含量.结果 淋巴液回流组肺、肾、心肌、肝匀浆的MDA、NO含量以及淋巴液引流组心肌匀浆的MDA含量、肾匀浆NO含量均显著高于假手术组;淋巴液引流组肺、肾、心肌、肝匀浆的MDA及NO含量均显著低于淋巴液回流组.结论 休克淋巴液引流减轻T/HS大鼠多器官损伤与降低自由基损伤与NO生成有关.     

失血性休克淋巴液致急性肺损伤的研究进展

淋巴循环是人体组织问液与血液系统的通路,其为全身循环系统的重要辅助部分,参与蛋白质、细胞裂解物、脂肪等大分子物质的吸收和转运,并维持机体内环境的稳定。休克时淋巴系统会发生变化,形成的休克淋巴液可影响休克的发展及转归。     

失血性休克进程中红细胞流变特性的变化

失血性休克是临床常见危重症,基本病理过程为组织灌流减少导致的严重微循环障碍。失血性休克过程中血液流变性改变是微循环障碍的主要原因之一,表现为血黏度增加、红细胞和白细胞变形能力下降,损害细胞通过微循环的能力,进而恶化组织供氧和内环境紊乱〔1〕。已经有大量基础和临床研究     

西沙必利对大鼠失血性休克复苏后胃损害的作用

目的：观察西沙利对大鼠失血性休克复苏后胃损害的作用。方法：108例只Wistar大鼠随机分为假休克（SS）组、失血性休克复苏（HS）组和失血性休克复苏后西沙必利治疗（HSC）组，同位素标记生物微球法测量胃血流量，同时测定胃粘膜内pH(pHi)、胃排空、胃MDA含量和Na^ -K^ -ATPase活性，以及门静脉血乳酸水平。结果：HSC组与HS相比，大鼠胃内色素相对残留低率显降低，胃血流量显下降，胃pHi有显回升，4h胃粘膜MDA含量降低、Na^ -K^ -ATPase活性增加，门静脉血乳酸水平显下降。结论：失血性休克复苏后西沙必利促胃动力治疗，通过增加胃血流量，有助于改善复苏后持续存在的胃缺血缺氧状况。     

血清甘油三酯及胆固醇对血液黏度和红细胞流变性的影响

近两年来,我们通过对受试对象血脂和血液流变学检测,探讨了血清甘油三酯(TG)及胆固醇(TC)对血液黏度和红细胞流变性的影响,为临床高脂血症及血栓性疾病的防治提供新的思路和方法。     

线粒体保护剂对失血性休克的干预作用与机制

<正>失血性休克是临床上常见的急症之一,见于临床各科室发生的大出血、创伤或手术后失血及消化性溃疡、产后大出血等。失血性休克后,持续缺血及不恰当的液体复苏引起过度的炎症反应及血管低反应性,甚至引起多器官功能障碍综合征(MODS)~([1])。生理状态下,线粒体通透性转变孔(m PTP)保持关闭状态,线粒体产生三磷酸腺苷(ATP)对细胞内稳态有着重要作用。在失血性休克的发展进程中,氧自由基产生增多,引     

盐酸纳美芬对创伤性休克大鼠ROS/MAPK通路及肠屏障损伤的影响

目的 探究盐酸纳美芬对创伤性休克(THS)大鼠肠黏膜屏障损伤的影响及可能的作用机制。方法 从70只大鼠中随机选取12只为假手术(Sham)组,其余大鼠采用双侧股骨中上段闭合性骨折+股动脉放血的方法复制THS大鼠模型,48只大鼠模型制备成功,分为THS组、盐酸纳美芬低、中、高剂量组(0.05、0.10、0.20 mg/kg),每组12只。给药结束24 h后,取血,分离血清酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测血清中二胺氧化酶(DAO)活性、D乳酸(LA)、内毒素(ET)及肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α含量;苏木素-伊红(HE)染色观察肠黏膜损伤情况,参照Chiu评分法评价回肠黏膜损伤程度;生化法检测肠组织匀浆中DAO活性、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)、活性氧(ROS)水平;Western印迹检测肠组织p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)及其磷酸化蛋白(p-p38MAPK)的表达。结果 与Sham组相比,THS组血清TNF-α、ET、D-LA含量及DAO活性、肠组织ROS、MDA水平显著升高,肠组织DAO活性、SOD水平显著降低;肠黏膜损伤严重,小肠黏膜损伤Chiu评分、肠组织p-p...     

调脂中药抗血小板聚集和对红细胞流变性影响的实验研究

目的 :收集文献报道具有调脂作用的中药 63种 ,观察其对血小板聚集和红细胞流变性的影响。方法 :63种中药体外孵育抗人血小板聚集实验 ,将其中作用显著进行大鼠灌胃实验 ,测定血小板聚集、红细胞聚集、变形等。结果 :5 1种体外抗血小板聚集作用明显 ,其中枳实等 11种作用优于或和阿斯匹林相当 ,该 11种中药大鼠灌胃均能明显抑制血小板聚集 ,其中 10种还能降低红细胞聚集。结论 :枳实、赤芍、大黄、黄连、银杏叶、山楂、徐长卿、茶叶、葛根、灵芝、陈皮抗血小板聚集作用优于或和阿斯匹林相当 ,除银杏叶外余 10种中药还能降低红细胞聚集 ,对红细胞变形、取向、松弛指数均无影响。     

Intravenous infusion of mesenteric lymph from severe intraperitoneal infection rats causes lung injury in healthy rats

AIM:To investigate whether mesenteric lymph from rats with severe intraperitoneal infection(SII)induces lung injury in healthy rats.METHODS:Twenty adult male specific pathogen-free Wistar rats were divided into two groups.Animals in the SII group received intraperitoneal injection of Escherichia coli(E.coli)at a dose of 0.3 mL/100 g.Control rats underwent the same procedure,but were injected with normal saline rather than E.coli.We ligated and drained the mesenteric lymphatic vessels and collected the mesenteric lymph.Mesenteric lymph collected from SII or control rats was infused intravenously into male healthy rats at a rate of 1 mL/h for 4 h.At the end of the infusion,all rats were sacrificed.Lungs were removed and examined histologically,and wet-to-dry weight(W/D)ratio and myeloperoxidase(MPO)activity were determined.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was performed to determine the levels of the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-αand interleukin(IL)-6.We performed Western blot to investigate the activation of Toll-like receptor(TLR)-4,and nuclear factor(NF)-κB p65.RESULTS:Compared with the control infusion group,there were obvious pathological changes in the SII group.The W/D ratio was significantly increased in the SII compared to control infusion group(5.86±0.06vs 5.37±0.06,P<0.01).MPO activity significantly increased in the SII infusion rats with a mean level of0.86±0.02 U/g compared to 0.18±0.05 U/g in the control group(P<0.01).The concentrations of TNF-αand IL-6 were significantly increased in the SII infusion group.The concentration of TNF-αwas significantly increased in the SII infusion rats compared to control infusion rats(2104.46±245.91 vs 1475.13±137.82pg/mL,P<0.01).The concentration of IL-6 was significantly increased in the SII infusion rats with a mean level of 50.56±2.85 pg/mL compared to 43.29±2.02 pg/mL(P<0.01).The expression levels of TLR-4(7496.68±376.43 vs 4589.02±233.16,P<0.01)and NF-κB(8722.19±323.96 vs 6498.91±338.76,P<0.01)were significantly increased in the SII infusion group compared to the control infusion group.The infusion of SII lymph,but not control lymph,caused lung injury.CONCLUSION:The results indicate that SII lymph is sufficient to induce acute lung injury.     

恶性黑色素瘤小肠转移、系膜淋巴结转移及脑转移1例

恶性黑色素瘤转移至胃肠道常见的部位为小肠结直肠肛门,同时转移至小肠、系膜淋巴结及颅内者未见文献报道.本例恶性黑色素瘤伴有系膜淋巴结转移及脑转移,没有典型的临床表现,术中所见颅内肿物与小肠及系膜淋巴结肿物颜色质地不一致,术后病理对确定腹部及颅内肿物来源至关重要,患者病史对鉴别原发或转移性黑色素瘤意义重大.     

Role of HSP-90 for increased nNOS-mediated vasodilation in mesenteric arteries in portal hypertension

AIM:To explore the role of heat shock protein-90 (HSP-90) for nitrergic vasorelaxation in the splanchnic circulation in rats with and without portal hypertension. METHODS: Neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and HSP-90 were analyzed by immunofluorescence, western blotting and co-immunoprecipitation in the mesenteric vasculature and isolated nerves of portal-vein-ligated (PVL) rats and sham operated rats. In vitro perfused de-endothelialized mesenteric arterial vasculature was preconstricted with norepinep...     

In vitro insulin effect on acetylcholine esterase of erythrocyte membranes of normal and diabetic rats

Summary Alloxan induced diabetes in rats was associated with a significant reduction in the acetylcholine esterase activity of the erythrocyte membrane. Preincubation of these membranes with insulin caused a rapid but transient stimulation of this enzyme activity in both normal and diabetic rats, the effect being more marked in the latter group. CDRI Communication No. 3721.     

Bacterial translocation to mesenteric lymph nodes is increased in cirrhotic rats with ascites

Cirrhotic patients are predisposed to develop spontaneous bacteremias and/or peritonitis, mainly caused by enteric bacteria. The aim of this study was to investigate if bacterial translocation, which is the passage of bacteria from the intestinal lumen to regional lymph nodes and/or the systemic circulation, is increased in a rat model of cirrhosis. Rats were studied after 12–16 weeks of CCl₄ inhalation, when samples of mesenteric lymph nodes, blood, liver, and spleen for standard bacteriologic cultures and a fragment of colon and liver for histology were obtained. Immunostaining of the cecum was performed using a polyclonal anti-Escherichia coli antibody. A significantly greater proportion of rats with cirrhosis and ascites (5 of 9; 56%) had positive mesenteric lymph node cultures compared with cirrhotics without ascites (0 of 9) and normal controls (0 of 12) (P < 0.01). In one cirrhotic rat, E. coli was isolated from both mesenteric lymph nodes and ascites. Rats with cirrhosis and ascites had significantly greater cecal submucosal edema and inflammation than rats with no ascites and controls. Immunoreactivity with E. coli was present in the cecal wall in 3 of 5 animals with E. coli translocation to mesenteric lymph nodes. In cirrhotic rats, bacterial translocation is increased after the development of ascites and may be a major factor in the development of spontaneous infections in cirrhosis.     

益母草注射液对失血性休克大鼠多组织器官NO的影响

目的 观察益母草注射液(LHI)对失血性休克大鼠肝、肾、心肌、肺等组织器官一氧化氮(NO)含量及其合酶(NOS)活性的影响.方法 LHI组、休克组大鼠(均n=6)经颈总动脉放血至40 mmHg,复制失血性休克模型.维持低血压60 min后,LHI组缓慢输注LHI(5 g/ml,5 g/kg),再输入放出的全血及等量生...     

纳米炭在乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结清扫中的临床应用

目的 探讨纳米炭混悬注射液在乳腺癌淋巴结清扫术中的价值.方法 64例乳腺癌患者随机分为两组,一组注射纳米炭示踪,一组为空白对照.两组行乳腺癌改良根治术,统计术后淋巴结获检情况.结果 术中可见纳米炭组淋巴结有不同程度的染色,32例患者平均检出淋巴结(27.4±5.7)枚,对照组平均检出淋巴结(21.1±4.2)枚,差异有统计学意义(P＜ 0.001).在纳米炭组中,淋巴结黑染率84.6％(741/876),黑染组淋巴结转移率为33.6％(249/741),未黑染组淋巴结转移率为39.3％(53/135).两组差异无统计学意义(P=0.257).结论 术前注射纳米炭混悬液对乳腺癌淋巴结清扫术有指导意义.     

微量元素锌对大鼠红细胞膜唾液酸含量的影响

对大鼠红细胞膜唾液酸含量进行了测定，并初步观察了微量元素锌和维生素Ｄ３（ＶＤ３）对大鼠红细胞膜唾液酸含量的影响。结果表明，锌对ＶＤ３所引起的红细胞膜唾液酸含量降低具有恢复作用，提示微量元素锌对红细胞膜具有明显的保护作用。     

Pharmacokinetic study of interleukin-2 following intravenous injection in hemodialysis patients with renal cell carcinoma

The purpose of the present study is to determine the change in blood concentration of interleukin-2 (IL-2) after intravenous injection in hemodialysis patients and to assess its safety. Four hemodialysis patients who underwent nephrectomy due to renal cell carcinoma were treated with IL-2 at a dose of 350 000-700 000 JRU by intravenous injection. Pharmacokinetic parameters were analyzed from the serum IL-2 concentration, which reached its peak just after the end of infusion, followed by biphasic elimination, and was below the detection limit in all patients at 24 h postinfusion. In comparison with patients with normal renal function, the volume of distribution in the serum compartment was almost comparable (3820 +/- 2020 mL). Clearance (50.47 +/- 11.50 mL/min) decreased to 40%, and the half-life of the distribution phase (0.45 +/- 0.19 h) and that of the terminal phase (1.72 +/- 0.20 h) were distinctly longer. The area under the blood concentration-time curve was about two-fold higher than that of non-hemodialysis patients. In all patients, there were no serious adverse reactions. The results of the present study suggest that intravenous IL-2 therapy can be safely performed in hemodialysis patients.     

Subareolar blue dye only injection sentinel lymph node biopsy could reduce the numbers of standard axillary lymph node dissection in environments without access to nuclear medicine

Purpose The gold standard of axillary sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) in breast cancer is the combination of radioactive colloid and blue dye injection. Worldwide, numerous hospitals without access to radioactive tracers still perform a routine complete axillary lymph node dissection (ALND). We retrospectively analyzed the false negative rate and identification rate of SLNB with injection of blue dye in the absence of radioactive colloid and compared the subareolar (SA) and the peritumoral (PT) injection. Patients and methods Two hundred and fourteen patients with clinically node negative unifocal breast cancer of up to 3 cm in size who underwent SLNB followed by ALND were included. Patent Blue V was injected at the SA site in 120 patients or at the PT site in 94 patients. Results Thirty-seven (31%) patients in the SA group and 28 (29.8%) in the PT group were node-positive by ALND. The mean number of SLNs identified was 3.1 in the SA group and 1.6 in the PT group. The SLN identification rate was 91.7% for the SA group and 80.9% for the PT group (P = 0.017). The false negative rate was 3.6% in the SA group and 11.8% in the PT group (P = 0.032). Conclusions Our study shows an acceptable low false negative rate for the SA blue dye only injection and confirms the higher identification rate of SA versus PT localisation. This technique could have spared 67.5% (81 out of 120) of our patients the ALND and could replace ALND of early breast cancer patients in environments without access to nuclear medicine. Authors Andreas Kavallaris and Oumar Camara contributed equally.