影响老年直肠癌患者预后的临床及病理相关危险因素分析

[目的]探讨影响老年直肠癌患者预后的临床及病理相关危险因素.[方法]对本院收治的老年直肠癌患者300例的病例资料进行回顾性分析.[结果]①单因素分析显示,根据癌变部位、肿瘤长度分组的患者之间生存率相比差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),根据症状持续时间、术前癌胚抗原(CEA)水平、病理分型、浸润程度、治疗方式、淋巴结转移、临床分期、病理分级分组的患者之间生存率相比差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).②多因素分析显示,术前CEA水平、浸润程度、治疗方式是影响患者治疗预后的独立危险因素(P＜0.05).[结论]影响老年直肠癌患者预后的独立危险因素有术前CEA水平、浸润程度、治疗方式.     

螺旋CT 诊断混合型肝癌的价值

混合型肝癌(combined hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangio carcinoma ,cHCC-CC)是原发性肝癌中少见病理类型,同时具有肝细胞癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)和胆管细胞癌(cholangio carcinoma,CC)的成分和特征,临床上称为混合型肝细胞-胆管细胞癌[1-2] .本文收集5 例混合型肝癌的临床及MSCT 资料,并综合文献复习,分析、总结该肿瘤的CT 诊断价值.     

基于单中心的双原发性肝细胞肝癌和肝内胆管癌术后疗效影响因素分析

目的:探讨双原发性肝细胞肝癌与肝内胆管细胞癌(double primary hepatocellular carcinoma and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma,dpHCC-ICC)患者手术治疗预后影响因素。方法:回顾性分析26例经手术切除术后病理证实为dpHCCICC患者的临床资料,与同期混合型肝癌(combined hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma,CHC-CC)患者进行预后比较。结果:26例dpHCC-ICC患者中,男性18例(69%),平均(56.2±14.6)岁,HBsAg阳性17例(65%),Child-Pugh分级A级26例(100%),巴塞罗那分期A、B、C期分别为11、13、2例,肿瘤中位直径为3.3cm(2.0~7.1cm),肿瘤数目:2个19例(73%)、2个7例(27%)。所有患者均行根治性R0切除。26例患者均有完整随访,术后1、3、5年生存率分别为92%、73%、62%。dpHCC-ICC术前γ-谷氨酰转肽酶(GGT)60U/L、血清白蛋白(ALB)35g/L是影响术后无复发生存(recurrencefree survival,RFS)的独立危险因素,微血管侵犯(microvascular invasion,MVI)是影响术后总体生存(overall survival,OS)的独立危险因素。dpHCC-ICC与同期CHC-CC患者术后生存情况无明显差异;巴塞罗那B期患者中,dpHCC-ICC患者RFS优于CHC-CC者(P=0.041)。结论:dpHCC-ICC需经术后组织病理学检查确诊,治疗以外科手术切除为主。术前GGT60U/L、ALB35g/L是影响dpHCC-ICC患者术后RFS的独立危险因素;MVI是影响术后OS的独立危险因素。     

胃腺癌中p53、CEA的表达及其与预后的关系

目的 研究胃腺癌中p53、CEA的表达,探讨它们和临床病理参数与胃腺癌预后的关系.方法 采用组织芯片和免疫组化检测150例胃腺癌中p53、CEA的表达,分析它们和临床病理参数与74例胃腺癌预后的关系.单因素分析用Kaplan-Meier法计算生存率并比较平均生存时间,多因素分析用COX回归模型.结果 150例胃腺癌中p53阳性率为31.3%,CEA阳性率为19.3%.74例胃腺癌患者1年生存率为83.8%,3年生存率为70.3%.5年生存率为63.5%.单因素分析年龄、浸润深度、pTNM分期、切缘累及是影响胃腺癌预后的因素;多因素分析年龄、pTNM分期、切缘累及为影响胃腺癌患者预后的独立因素(P<0.05).结论 年龄、浸润深度、pTNM分期和切缘累及是影响胃腺癌预后的重要因素,而p53、CEA、性别、肿瘤部位和大小、WHO组织学分类不是影响胃腺癌预后的因素.     

术前CEA、D-二聚体、纤维蛋白原与结直肠癌临床病理特点、分期及预后相关性研究

目的分析术前癌胚抗原(CEA)、D-二聚体、纤维蛋白原(FIB)与结直肠癌临床病理特点、分期及预后相关性,探讨CEA、D-二聚体和FIB术前检测在结直肠癌诊疗中的应用价值。方法收集2009年7月至2011年7月该院收治结直肠癌患者158例病理资料,术前检测血浆CEA、D-二聚体和FIB水平,随访并观察所有患者5年生存率,分析血浆CEA、D-二聚体和FIB水平与结直肠癌临床病理特点、TNM分期及预后关系。结果术前158例患者血浆CEA、D-二聚体和FIB水平分别为(4.41±0.84)ng/mL、(0.48±0.13)mg/L和(3.72±0.73)g/L。术前血浆CEA、D-二聚体和FIB水平与肿瘤大小、淋巴结转移相关(P0.05),与性别、年龄、肿瘤部位、分化程度无关(P0.05);术前血浆CEA、D-二聚体和FIB水平均与结直肠癌TNM分期相关(P0.05),经相关性分析,术前血浆CEA、D-二聚体和FIB水平与TNM分期呈正相关(r=0.67,r=0.81,r=0.64,P0.05);经单因素分析,术前血浆CEA、D-二聚体和FIB水平均是影响术后5年生存率的危险因素(P0.05),经多因素分析,术前血浆CEA、D-二聚体和FIB水平是影响术后5年生存率的独立危险因素(P0.05)。结论术前血浆CEA、D-二聚体和FIB水平和结直肠癌临床病理特点及分期相关,高水平CEA、D-二聚体和FIB患者5年生存率较低,是影响预后的独立危险因素。     

结直肠粘液腺癌的临床病理特征及预后分析

目的:对结直肠粘液腺癌患者的病理特征和预后情况进行临床分析.方法:选取2014年10月-2015年11月期间我院接收且进行了外科切除的130例结直肠粘液腺癌患者,将患者分为非粘液腺癌组(115例)和粘液腺癌组(15例).实施了外科切除后对患者的临床病理特征和术后生存率进行比较,分析主要影响患者预后效果的因素.结果:粘液腺癌占结直肠癌的11.5％(15/130).粘液腺癌的高发人群为青壮年,部位为右半结肠,瘤体体积大,高浸润型,浸润深度深,淋巴结很容易发生转移;患者手术后生存率低于非粘液腺癌患者.结论:结直肠粘液腺癌患者的临床病理特征性质不良,预后效果较非粘液腺癌和高-中分化腺癌患者差,与低分化腺癌患者差不多,单独即可影响患者的预后效果.     

基于LI-RADS v2018及MRI特征对肝细胞癌CK19表达的风险预测及预后评估

目的 探讨2018版肝脏影像报告和数据系统(Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System version 2018,LI-RADS v2018对肝细胞癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)细胞角蛋白19(cytokeratin 19,CK19)表达的术前预测及预后评估的价值。材料与方法 回顾性分析220例术前接受MRI检查并经病理证实为HCC患者的临床、病理及影像资料,包括CK19阳性组59例,CK19阴性组161例。将患者按7∶3比例分为训练集和验证集。通过单因素与多因素logistic回归分析确定CK19阳性表达HCC的独立预测因素并构建列线图评分模型。采用受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线分析模型诊断效能,绘制校准曲线、决策曲线评价模型的校准性能和临床适用性。计算患者的列线图得分并进行高低风险分组,采用Kaplan-Meier生存曲线分析比较不同亚组患者的总体、早期及晚期无复发生存率。结果 晕状强化(OR=3.432,P=0.045)、环形动脉期高强化(OR=3...     

老年胃癌158例临床病理特点及预后的分析

目的 通过老年胃癌患者的资料分析,研究老年胃癌的临床病理特点、治疗与预后.方法 收集和复习158例患者的临床病理资料,依据WHO(2002)消化系统肿瘤分类标准进行分类.免疫组化采用ElivisionTM Plus方法.结果 患者平均年龄66.2岁,临床病理表现与中青年人无明显的差别.主要症状是上腹痛或不适、梗咽感及出血、消瘦、恶心等,部分有慢性胃病史.好发部位依次为贲门,胃窦、胃体、胃底,贲门胃底多发.免疫组化:p53阳性(＞10%)为91%,Ki-67阳性(＞10%)占81.8%,Her-2阳性定为于胞膜,阳性率15%(＞ ).结论 p53、Ki-67和Her-2阳性预后不良.nm23阳性率为69.7%,在中高分化肿瘤中表达较高.CEA阳性率达94%与血浆CEA升高一致,是比较理想的监测指标.     

子宫恶性苗勒氏管混合瘤28例临床分析

目的通过28例子宫恶性苗勒氏管混合瘤的临床资料,探讨相关因素及适当的治疗方法.方法回顾性分析1972年1月～1997年12月我院收治的28例子宫恶性苗勒氏管混合瘤的临床资料.结果5年总生存率35.7%.癌肉瘤5年生存率41.7%,中胚叶混合瘤5年生存率31.3%(P＞0.05).Ⅰ、Ⅱ期患者5年生存率56.3%,明显高于Ⅲ、Ⅳ期的9.1%(P＜0.01).子宫体积大于妊娠10周者,5年生存率0%,小于10周者,5年生存率53.0%(P＜0.01).已绝经组5年生存率38 9%,高于未绝经组30%(P＞0.05).应用Cox模型比较术后加放疗或化疗对生存率的影响,放疗组明显高于化疗组,P＜0.01.表明化疗可提高患者生存率.结论子宫恶性苗勒氏管混合瘤生存率与手术病理分期、子宫大小有密切关系,与病理类型、是否绝经无明显关系,术后辅以放疗对提高生存率有帮助.     

围术期癌胚抗原联合术后糖类抗原19-9及糖类抗原125预测Ⅰ～Ⅲ期结直肠癌预后的价值

目的探讨Ⅰ～Ⅲ期结直肠癌(CRC)患者围术期癌胚抗原(CEA)水平变化与临床病理特征、疾病进展的关系,分析术后糖类抗原125(CA125)、糖类抗原19-9(CA19-9)对评估术后CEA阴性患者预后的价值。方法选取2013年1月—2016年12月苏州大学附属第一医院接受根治性手术的结直肠癌患者287例。应用χ2检验、Kaplan-Meier法、Log-rank检验、Cox风险回归模型分析患者围术期CEA、术后CA125联合CA19-9与临床病理特征及预后的关系。结果所有患者中位随访时间为49个月。术后CEA阳性与不良T分期(T_3、T_4)、N分期(N_1、N_2)和TNM分期均显著相关(P 0.01),与癌结节和神经侵犯显著相关(P 0.05)。单因素分析发现,N分期、TNM分期、肿瘤分化程度、癌结节、脉管癌栓、神经侵犯、CA19-9和CA125是影响无病生存期(DFS)的相关因素(P 0.05),N分期、肿瘤分化程度、癌结节、CA19-9和CA724是影响总生存期(OS)的相关因素(P 0.05)。多因素分析显示,术后CA125阳性(P 0.001)和癌结节(P 0.05)是术后CEA阴性患者DFS的独立预后危险因素,癌结节(P 0.05)和肿瘤分化程度(P 0.05)是影响OS的重要因素。术前和术后CEA均阴性组患者的DFS和OS高于术前或术后CEA阳性组,术后CEA降至正常组的DFS、OS高于术后CEA未降至正常组,术后CA19-9和CA125均阴性者DFS、OS高于术后CA19-9或CA125阳性者,差异均有统计学意义(P 0.05或P 0.01)。结论围术期血清CEA水平变化直接影响CRC患者的预后,术前及术后CEA阴性或者术后早期CEA降至正常的患者预后较好。对于术后CEA阴性患者,术后CA125或CA19-9表达阳性提示术后复发、转移风险增高,预后不佳。     

现代残疾康复理念、政策与社区康复体系研究

本研究分析了当代残疾康复的理念和理论架构,构建了以国际公约、决议和政策、国内法律和政策以及操作性工具3个层次的康复理论体系;运用包容性发展,分析探讨了当代社区康复的体系和特点;就发展康复事业、为残疾人提供全面系统的康复服务提出相关的政策建议。     

国内外唇腭裂专科护理发展现状的文献研究及分析

目的了解和分析国内唇腭裂专科护理工作发展的现状。方法检索并分析万方医学网、中国知网、Springer Link及PubMed英文数据库近6年有关唇腭裂手术的围术期护理、患儿的喂养、手术安全管理、围术期疼痛研究以及心理护理的相关文献。结果共检索出国内文献89篇(核心期刊20篇)、国外文献22篇,其中围术期护理38篇、患儿的喂养16篇、手术安全管理10篇、围术期疼痛研究10篇、心理护理15篇。结论与国外文献相比,国内论文总结和回顾性居多,应增加研究探讨性论文,从而促进唇腭裂临床护理工作专科化的发展。     

我院文职护士管理和培训的实践与体会

目的构建文职护士培训、使用及管理的科学方法。方法通过规范管理、科学施训、作为骨干大胆任用等多种管理方式,使文职护士得到充分的发展。结果文职护士群体成长为医院优秀骨干,首批满3年的文职护士顺利通过续聘考核。结论科学的管理培训是文职护士成长的重要基石,对医院护理管理有着重要作用。     

城乡学童个性行为特征调查

目的探讨农村与城市儿童的个性行为特征。方法将97名农村学龄儿童设为农村组,97名城市学龄儿童设为城市组,采用艾森克个性问卷一儿童版和Achenbach’s 行为量表一儿童版进行评定分析。结果两组学龄儿童艾森克个性问卷各维度评分均无显著性差异（P均〉0．05）,且与全国常模相一致（P均〉0．05）;农村组男学童Achenbach’s行为量表违纪行为、攻击行为及外向型因子分均显著高于城市组,女学童退缩、社交问题因子分均显著高于城市组（P〈0．05或0．01）,其他因子分均无显著性差异（P均〉0．05）。结论农村与城市儿童个性无显著差异,而农村儿童存在较多的行为问题,可能与其所受教养和生活方式有关。     

Comparison of short-term and long-term protocols for stabilization and preservation of RNA and DNA of Leishmania, Trypanosoma, and Plasmodium

Molecular tools continue to be important in the prevention and control of parasitic diseases. However, using these techniques directly in the field remains a major challenge. Therefore, the preservation of clinical samples collected from endemic field areas for later analysis remains an important preanalytical process. This study aimed at identifying a suitable protocol for stabilization and preservation of RNA and DNA in bioclinical specimens for Trypanosoma, Leishmania, and Plasmodium research. Both spiked and unspiked blood samples were preserved in 7 protocols (different media; storage temperatures). Samples were evaluated for possible degradation of DNA and RNA along the storage duration up to the 10th week. Nucleic acid targets were assessed as follows: (i) Trypanosoma and Plasmodium RNA analysis was done using real-time nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (RT-NASBA) for 18S rRNA and for stage-specific Pfs25 mRNA, respectively; (ii) Trypanosoma DNA assessment analysis was conducted by using a conventional PCR for 18S rDNA; (iii) Leishmania RNA analysis was performed with a quantitative NASBA for 18S rRNA and Leishmania DNA assessment with an RT-PCR for 18S rDNA. Findings suggested that a newly developed L3™ buffer proved to be reliable and suitable for both short- and long-term preservation of parasite nucleic acid material. This buffer is envisaged to be suitable for utilization in field situations where resources are limited.     

History of violence and subjective health of mother and child

Objective: To study the self-reported prevalence of experienced violence among a cohort of women about two years after giving birth, their health during pregnancy, pregnancy outcomes and their experience of their child’s health.

Setting and subjects: In 2011, a total of 657 women participated in phase III of the Childbirth and Health Cohort Study in Icelandic Primary Health Care, 18 to 24 months after delivery. The women had previously participated in phase I around pregnancy week 16 and phase II 5–6 months after delivery. Data were collected by postal questionnaires.

Main outcome measures: Women’s reported history of experienced violence, sociodemographic and obstetric background, self-perceived health, the use of medications and their child’s perceived health.

Results: In phase III, 16% of women reported experiencing violence. These women felt less support from their current partner (p?p?p?p?p?p?=?0.008).

Conclusions: Our study confirms that a history of violence is common among women. A history of violence is associated with various maternal health problems during and after pregnancy, a higher rate of caesarean sections and maternal reports of health problems in their child 18–24 months after birth.

• KEY POINTS

• Violence is a major concern worldwide. Understanding the impact of violence on human health and developing effective preventive measures are important elements of any public health agenda.

• ??The reported prevalence of experiencing violence was 16% among women attending antenatal care in the primary health care setting in Iceland.

• ??Women with a history of violence reported worse health in general during pregnancy and delivered more often by caesarean section, compared to women with no such history.

• ??Mothers with a history of violence also evaluated the general health of their child as worse than women with no such history.

• ??The findings of this study support the importance of recognizing and addressing experienced violence among women in primary care.

     

Rates and risks of transmission of smallpox and mechanisms of prevention

In 1980, the World Health Organization declared smallpox eradicated from the world; the last known natural case had occurred in Somalia in 1977, and the United States had stopped routinely vaccinating its citizens in 1972. However, with increasing concerns regarding domestic and international terrorism, smallpox has resurfaced as a potential threat to global health. We review the direct and indirect modes of smallpox transmission and how patterns of transmission vary substantially, depending on the severity of circulating disease, vaccination status, environmental and socioeconomic factors, and the setting of an outbreak. We examine mechanisms for controlling outbreaks of disease and preventing further transmission in the event of an outbreak, with an emphasis on smallpox vaccination.     

通用设计原则与产品研发策略

本文介绍了通用设计的概念和设计原则,并阐述了根据此原则实施通用设计的产品研发策略。通用设计惠及的不仅是残疾人,也惠及了包括普通公众在内的广泛人群,以及企业。应将通用设计的原理应融入政府相关政策和未来发展的规划中,为残疾人以及更多人群提供合理便利的通用设计产品。     

Prevalence and severity of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy and effect of vitamin supplementation.

OBJECTIVE: Although nausea and vomiting of pregnancy is the most common medical condition during pregnancy, there are many unanswered questions regarding its cause, epidemiologic features and optimal management. The objectives of this study were to ascertain the prevalence of nausea and vomiting in a sample of Canadian women, to characterize the distribution of their severity and to investigate the role of vitamin B6 deficiency in their etiology. DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: Antenatal counselling service for pregnant women. PATIENTS: Three cohorts of women: a prospective, population-based cohort of 193 women, to estimate the rate and severity of nausea and vomiting (cohort A); a cohort of 555 women who sought advice for nausea with or without vomiting, to study the correlation between the maximal daily number of episodes of vomiting and maximal weight loss (cohort B); and a prospective cohort of 301 women who reported vomiting, to correlate vitamin supplementation with vomiting (cohort C). INTERVENTIONS: All 3 cohorts were interviewed during the counselling session, and cohort B was followed up prospectively. OUTCOME MEASURES: Frequency of nausea and vomiting, weight loss, maximal number of daily episodes of vomiting, rate of multivitamin supplementation. RESULTS: Overall, 67% of the women in cohort A reported experiencing nausea or vomiting, or both; 22% reported vomiting, and 9% experienced weight loss. In cohort B there was a significant correlation between the maximal number of daily episodes of vomiting and maximal weight loss, although there was wide variation (r2 = 0.25, p < 0.001). There was a highly significant correlation between the number of daily vomiting episodes and mean weight loss (r2 = 0.99). In cohort C, vomiting was significantly associated with lack of supplementation with multivitamins before 6 weeks' gestation (p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: The relation between number of daily vomiting episodes and mean weight loss may serve as a clinical tool to assess the severity of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy and the success of anti-emetics and rehydration regimens. Further study is needed to elucidate the biologic basis of the observed association between vomiting and lack of multivitamin supplementation in early pregnancy.     

胃癌DNA含量与E-cad、EGFR表达的关系及其意义

目的　探讨胃癌组织DNA含量与E cad、EGFR表达的关系 ,评价其在浸润、转移潜能及预后判断中的作用。方法　应用图像分析仪及SP免疫组化法检测 30例正常胃黏膜上皮、30例不典型增生和 5 0例胃癌组织DNA含量与E cad、EGFR蛋白表达情况。结果　①正常胃黏膜上皮、Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级不典型增生及胃癌组的DI、PI、S %、>5c %逐渐增高 ,与胃癌分期、淋巴结转移显著相关 (P <0 0 1)。②E cad在正常胃黏膜上皮阳性表达率 10 0 % ,EGFR呈阴性表达 ;Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级不典型增生及胃癌E cad阳性表达率逐渐降低 ,EGFR的阳性表达率逐渐升高 ,且差异显著 (P <0 0 5 ) ;E cad表达减弱、EGFR表达升高与胃癌分化差、淋巴结转移显著相关 (P <0 0 1)。③E cad表达阴性的胃癌DNA指数及EGFR表达水平显著高于E cad阳性 (P <0 0 1)。结论　检测DNA含量及E cad、EGFR蛋白表达有助于胃癌的早期诊断及转移潜能和预后的判断。