氯吡格雷联合复方丹参滴丸早期干预对急性心肌梗死远期预后的影响观察

目的探究氯吡格雷联合复方丹参滴丸早期干预对急性心肌梗死远期预后的影响,为患者的用药提供指导。方法 2017年6月～2018年12月我院心血管内科收治80例急性心肌梗死患者进行研究。按照随机数表法,将其分为观察组与对照组,各组均40例患者,且均给予急性心肌梗死常规救治。对照组:给予患者氯吡格雷75mg,每日一次;观察组:在对照组氯吡格雷的基础上,每日增加10粒复方丹参丸,分三次口服。观察治疗6个月后,两组患者治疗效果。结果①观察组左心衰竭发生率明显低于对照组,差异具统计学意义(P0.05);②观察组患者患者恶性心率失常率明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);③观察组患者心脏功能(LVEF、LVEDV、LVESV)明显优于对照组。结论氯吡格雷联合复方丹参滴丸早期干预对急性心肌梗死疗效佳。     

替格瑞洛联合氯吡格雷对急性冠脉综合征患者经皮冠状动脉介入术后微血管功能的影响

目的探讨替格瑞洛联合氯吡格雷对急性冠脉综合征(ACS)患者经皮冠状动脉介入术(PCI)后微血管功能的影响。方法选取2015年6月—2017年3月在吉化集团公司总医院行PCI的ACS患者60例,随机分为对照组和观察组,每组30例。两组患者均于PCI前12 h口服阿司匹林肠溶片。对照组患者给予氯吡格雷单次服用,观察组患者给予替格瑞洛联合氯吡格雷单次治疗。结果 60例患者均顺利完成PCI,无严重心律失常、休克及死亡病例。术前两组患者微循环阻力指数(IMR)、血流储备分数(FFR)及冠状动脉血流储备(CFR)比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后观察组患者IMR、FFR及CFR均高于对照组(P<0.05)。两组患者治疗期间不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论氯吡格雷联合替格瑞洛能有效改善ACS患者PCI后微血管功能,且安全性较高。     

应用Sonoclot评价急诊PCI术后联用复方丹参滴丸抗血小板活性的临床疗效

目的应用Sonoclot评价急诊冠状介入治疗(PCI)术后阿司匹林、氯吡格雷联用复方丹参滴丸抗血小板活性的临床疗效。方法选80例冠心病急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死行急诊PCI术的病人,随机分为两组。治疗组PCI术后(n=42)给予复方丹参滴丸(每次10粒,3次/日),联合阿司匹林(100 mg/d,1次/日),氯吡格雷(75 mg/d,1次/日)进行治疗凝血速率。对照组(n=38)给予阿司匹林(100 mg/d,1次/日),氯吡格雷(75 mg/d,1次/日)进行治疗。两组均于PCI术后10 d行Sonoclot测定凝血激活时间(ACT)、凝血速率(CR)、血小板功能(PF)。结果应用两种治疗方案,用药10 d后经Sonoclot测定CR、PF,治疗组反映血栓形成的指标CR、PF均显著低于对照组。ACT两组无凝血速率。结论复方丹参滴丸联合阿司匹林、氯吡格雷对急诊PCI术后血小板活性显著抑制,减少PCI术后急性亚急性血栓形成。     

国产氯吡格雷用于经皮冠状动脉介入治疗的可行性及安全性研究

目的探讨国产氯吡格雷用于经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的可行性及安全性。方法选择2013年1—6月在利辛县人民医院行PCI的患者78例,根据治疗方法分为对照组36例和治疗组42例。两组患者均采用氯吡格雷治疗,治疗组患者采用国产氯吡格雷,对照组患者采用进口氯吡格雷。观察两组患者近期效果(随访21 d时主要心血管事件、支架内血栓、氯吡格雷抵抗发生情况)、远期效果(随访12个月时主要心血管事件、支架内血栓、氯吡格雷抵抗发生情况)、治疗前后血小板聚集率、不良反应情况及服药依从性。结果两组患者随访21 d、12个月时主要心血管事件、支架内血栓、氯吡格雷抵抗发生率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者治疗前、随访21d、随访12个月时血小板聚集率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);两组患者均未出现粒细胞或血小板计数减少,两组患者出血反应、胃肠道反应、神经反应发生率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗组患者服药依从率为97.6%,高于对照组的66.7%(P0.05)。结论国产氯吡格雷用于PCI是安全可行的,可取得与进口氯吡格雷相似的治疗效果,提高患者长期用药依从性。     

复方丹参滴丸联合氯吡格雷对冠心病患者血清CysC、MMP-9、PAI-1的影响

目的探讨复方丹参滴丸联合氯吡格雷对冠心病患者血清胱抑素(Cys) C、基质金属蛋白酶(MMP)-9、纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂(PAI)-1的影响。方法选取76例冠心病患者,按照入院顺序分为观察组和对照组各38例。对照组在基础治疗上使用阿托伐他汀联合氯吡格雷治疗,观察组在基础治疗上采取复方丹参滴丸联合氯吡格雷治疗。分析两组心电图改善情况、临床疗效和不良反应,比较两组治疗前后血清Cys C、MMP-9、PAI-1水平变化。结果治疗后,观察组心电图总有效率显著高于对照组,临床有效率显著高于对照组(P<0. 05)。治疗后,观察组Cys C、MMP、PAI-1水平显著低于对照组(P<0. 05)。两组不良反应率差异无统计学意义(P>0. 05)。结论复方丹参滴丸联合氯吡格雷方案治疗冠心病患者能有效降低Cys C、MMP-9、PAI-1水平,临床疗效良好,安全性高。     

复方丹参滴丸辅助治疗急性心肌梗死的临床研究

目的：观察急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者采用经皮冠状动脉介入术(PCI)术后联合复方丹参滴丸辅助治疗的临床疗效,分析其对AMI患者心功能的影响机制。方法：本临床研究将将我院心血管内科门诊于2017年4月～2018年3月期间收治的135例AMI患者分为对照组(n=69)和观察组(n=67),均于接诊后即刻PCI处理,观察组在对照组常规急诊用药的治疗基础加服复方丹参滴丸。采用免疫抑制法检测血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、肌酸激酶(CK)和肌酸激酶(CK-MB);比较两组PCI术前和治疗7天(d)时血清心肌钙调蛋白依赖性蛋白激酶Ⅱ(CaMKⅡ)、心肌肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)和心肌肌钙蛋白T(cTnT)蛋白表达,并比较不同治疗对AMI患者心功能的影响,统计临床疗效及心脏不良事件,籍此讨论复方丹参滴丸治疗AMI的应用价值。结果：治疗7d时,ELISA检测显示观察组血清CaMKⅡ、cTnI和cTnT蛋白均明显低表达,CK和CK-MB明显降低,SOD升高,与PCI术前比差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),且观察组SOD与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。心功能监测显示观察组患者等容收缩期左心室内压力下降最大速率(-dp/dtmax)、左室舒张未期内径(LVEDD)和左室收缩未期内径(LVESD)降低,而等容收缩期左心室内压力最大上升速率(+dp/dtmax)、左室射血分数(LVEF)和左心房射血量(LASV)均较PCI术前升高(P＜0.05);且观察组-dp/dtmax、LVEDD和LVESD显著低于对照组,+dp/dtmax、LASV和LVEF均显著高于对照组(P＜0.05)。观察组总有效率(85.07%)高于对照组(75.36%),且住院期间死亡率(2.98%)和心律失常(7.24%)低于对照组(P＜0.05)。结论：复方丹参滴丸可显著改善AMI患者PCI术后心功能,提高临床疗效,降低并发症和死亡率。     

氯吡格雷联合西洛他唑对行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗的急性心肌梗死患者术后出血事件及血小板聚集率的影响研究

目的探讨氯吡格雷联合西洛他唑对行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者术后出血事件及血小板聚集率的影响。方法选取2011年6月—2013年6月在山东省乐陵市人民医院成功行PCI的AMI患者128例,按照随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,各64例。对照组患者PCI术后给予阿司匹林联合氯吡格雷治疗,观察组患者PCI术后给予西洛他唑联合氯吡格雷治疗,两组患者均持续用药12周。比较两组患者用药前及用药后1周、6周、12周血小板聚集率和随访期间出血事件及不良心脏事件发生情况。结果两组患者用药前血小板聚集率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);观察组患者用药后1周、6周、12周血小板聚集率低于对照组(P0.05)。随访期间观察组患者再次血运重建、再发心绞痛、出血事件发生率低于对照组(P0.05);而两组患者心肌梗死、脑卒中发生率及全因死亡率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论氯吡格雷联合西洛他唑治疗能有效降低AMI患者PCI术后血小板聚集率及出血事件发生率,且安全性较高。     

大剂量氯吡格雷对选择性经皮冠状动脉介入术的影响

目的 研究大剂量氯吡格雷用于选择性经皮冠脉介入治疗（PCI）患者的疗效及安全性.方法 确诊冠心病并接受择期PCI的患者173例,分成氯吡格雷强化组（波立维600 mg,87例）和氯吡格雷标准组 （波立维300 mg,86例）.PCI治疗前两组患者分别给予波立维600 mg和波立维300 mg治疗;PCI术后每日分别给予150 mg和75 mg,共 7 d;以后均服用波立维75 mg至1年以上.观察两组患者的疗效及不良反应的发生情况.结果 氯吡格雷强化组和氯吡咯雷标准组达到的完全血运重建率分别为93.8% 和 87.2%（P＜0.05）;两组主要不良心脑血管事件（MACCE）发生率分别为2.0%和6.8%,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.01）;而出血和血管并发症的发生率差异无统计学意义（1.6%比1.7%,P＞0.05）.结论 氯吡格雷强化组PCI的疗效和安全性均优于氯吡格雷标准组.     

替格瑞洛与氯吡格雷在急性心肌梗死患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗中有效性和安全性的对比研究

目的比较替格瑞洛与氯吡格雷在急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)中的有效性和安全性。方法选取2014年1月—2015年5月郑州市第一人民医院心内科收治的AMI患者203例,随机分为替格瑞洛组90例和氯吡格雷组113例。在常规治疗及PCI基础上,替格瑞洛组患者给予替格瑞洛治疗,氯吡格雷组患者给予氯吡格雷治疗;两组患者均规律服药12个月。比较两组患者PCI前和PCI后1、6、12个月血小板计数、血小板最大聚集率、尿酸、肌酐及治疗期间不良事件发生情况(包括胸闷、缺血事件、出血事件)。结果时间与方法在血小板计数、肌酐上无交互作用(P>0.05);时间在血小板计数、肌酐上主效应不显著(P>0.05);方法在血小板计数、肌酐上主效应不显著(P>0.05)。时间与方法在血小板最大聚集率、尿酸上存在交互作用(P<0.05);时间在血小板最大聚集率、尿酸上主效应显著(P<0.05);方法在血小板最大聚集率、尿酸上主效应显著(P<0.05);PCI后1、6、12个月替格瑞洛组患者血小板最大聚集率低于氯吡格雷组,PCI后6、12个月替格瑞洛组患者尿酸高于氯吡格雷组(P<0.05)。替格瑞洛组患者治疗期间胸闷、出血事件发生率高于氯吡格雷组,缺血事件发生率低于氯吡格雷组(P<0.05)。结论与氯吡格雷相比,替格瑞洛能更好地抑制AMI患者PCI后血小板聚集,但高尿酸血症、胸闷、出血发生风险较高,应加以重视。     

国产氯吡格雷应用于急性冠脉综合征介入治疗患者中的临床观察

目的观察国产氯吡格雷(帅泰)应用于急性冠脉综合征介入治疗(PCI)患者中的疗效和安全性。方法将131例急性冠脉综合征行PCI患者分成两组,PCI术前口服帅泰600 mg(帅泰组,n=64)或波立维600 mg(波立维组,n=67),继以每日75 mg维持12个月,观察两组的主要心脑血管不良事件(MACCE)发生率及出血事件的发生情况,并测定两组服药后的二磷酸腺苷(ADP)抑制率。结果随访1年,帅泰与波立维的MACCE发生率分别为12.49%、11.95%,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。帅泰组和波立维组出血事件发生率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。两组均无因不良反应停药。帅泰组、波立维组的ADP抑制率分别为56.8%、57.4%,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论国产氯吡格雷(帅泰)与进口氯吡格雷(波立维)疗效及安全性相似,但帅泰费用较低,是进口氯吡格雷的很好替代药品。     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展

血吸虫童虫是宿主免疫系统攻击的重要靶标,包括皮肤型、肺型和肝门型童虫。宿主分子对童虫生长发育具有重要作用。童虫生长发育机制包括免疫调节、信号转导、性别发育及凋亡等。肌动蛋白、组织蛋白酶、烯醇化酶和葡萄糖基转移酶等分子为血吸虫童虫生长发育的重要分子。本文对血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展做一综述。     

氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价

目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性，为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg，经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3，该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物；兔眼用药后，观察期内无不良反应，对眼无刺激性；皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比，氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物，对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂，适合于现场应用。     

124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌基因突变特征分析

目的对临床分离的耐多药结核分枝杆菌相关基因的突变特征进行分析。方法对124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌以及50株敏感株的耐药相关基因(包括异烟肼inh A、kat G、oxyR-ahp C间隔区以及利福平rpo B)进行序列测定,分析其基因突变情况。结果异烟肼耐药inh A基因突变率为14.5%;kat G基因突变率为70.2%(87/124),主要位于315位;oxyR-ahp C间隔区突变率为15.3%;inh A、kat G两种基因同时突变率75.0%,三种基因同时突变率为89.5%。利福平rpo B基因突变的检出率高达95.2%,突变主要发生在531、526、516位点。结论我省耐多药菌异烟肼耐药相关基因最常见突变为kat G 315、inh A C-T(-15)、axyR-ahp C间隔区(-10)C-T,利福平为rpo B531、526、516。结合MDR-TB耐药相关基因的特征分析,可以建立一种快速、准确、特异的适合于我省的检测结核菌耐多药性的新方法。     

Assessment of quality of life of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis

The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) and the psychological status of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). The QOL, anxiety and depression of the parents of 28 children with JCA were evaluated and compared to those of the parents of 28 healthy children. Mothers of JCA children and mothers of healthy children reported similar QOL. The reported anxiety and depression levels were similar for mothers and fathers in both groups. The parents of children with pauciarticular-type JCA reported lower QOL and higher levels of anxiety and depression than the parents of children with other types, namely polyarticular and systemic JCA. These findings may be explained by the fact that the pauciarticular patients had shorter disease duration and were less frequently seen in the outpatient clinic. The QOL of mothers of children with JCA was found to be slightly impaired in the group of children with pauciarticular JCA. Future larger studies are needed to confirm these results, as the number of subjects in the three groups was rather low. Received: 26 September 2001 / Accepted: 8 February 2002     

Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Rate of Change of Glucose on Measurement Error of Continuous Glucose Monitors

Background

A 5-day in-patient study designed to assess the accuracy of the FreeStyle Navigator® Continuous Glucose Monitoring System revealed that the level of accuracy of the continuous sensor measurements was dependent on the rate of glucose change. When the absolute rate of change was less than 1 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (75% of the time), the median absolute relative difference (ARD) was 8.5%, with 85% of all points falling within the A zone of the Clarke error grid. When the absolute rate of change was greater than 2 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (8% of the time), the median ARD was 17.5%, with 59% of all points falling within the Clarke A zone.

Method

Numerical simulations were performed to investigate effects of the rate of change of glucose on sensor measurement error. This approach enabled physiologically relevant distributions of glucose values to be reordered to explore the effect of different glucose rate-of-change distributions on apparent sensor accuracy.

Results

The physiological lag between blood and interstitial fluid glucose levels is sufficient to account for the observed difference in sensor accuracy between periods of stable glucose and periods of rapidly changing glucose.

Conclusions

The role of physiological lag on the apparent decrease in sensor accuracy at high glucose rates of change has implications for clinical study design, regulatory review of continuous glucose sensors, and development of performance standards for this new technology. This work demonstrates the difficulty in comparing accuracy measures between different clinical studies and highlights the need for studies to include both relevant glucose distributions and relevant glucose rate-of-change distributions.     

Study of constancy of hydrogen-consuming flora of human colon

The constancy of the hydrogen consuming flora of the human colon was studied in 15 healthy subjects via two measurements obtained 18 to 36 months apart. Hydrogen disappearance rate and the major products of H₂-consuming bacteria, methane and sulfide, were measured during incubation of fecal homogenates with excess hydrogen and sulfate. In 11/15, the hydrogen consumption rate and the predominant hydrogen-consuming pathway (methanogenesis, sulfate reduction, or neither) remained constant. However, major shifts in these pathways were observed in four subjects, with two losing and two gaining the ability to produce methane. Methanogenesis was associated with the highest hydrogen consumption rate. This study demonstrates that clinically unrecognizable, major alterations of the colonic flora occur in healthy subjects. Understanding of the factors responsible for these alterations might allow for therapeutic manipulation of the colonic flora.Supported in part by the Department of Veterans Affairs and NIDDKD RO1 DK 13309-25.