颈淋巴结清扫在分化型甲状腺癌再手术中的价值

目的：探讨颈淋巴结清扫术在分化型甲状腺癌再手术中的价值。指导甲状腺癌再手术的术式选择。方法。回顾性分析122分化型甲状腺癌再次手术病人中88例作颈淋巴结清扫术的临床资料。88例中，甲状腺肿瘤局部切除术38例，甲状腺腺叶加峡部切除术16例，全甲状腺切除2例，颈淋巴结活检32例，结果：甲状腺微小癌11例，颈淋巴结转移率65．91％（58／88），甲状腺残癌率31．59％（12／38）。结论：颈淋巴结清扫术在甲状腺癌再次手术中具有明确的治疗作用，对侵及包膜，颈淋巴结肿大以及甲状腺微小癌应作颈淋巴结清扫术。对复发癌应再次手术。再手术需彻底切除癌灶，保护甲状旁腺及喉返神经。     

甲状腺偶发癌的临床病理特征分析

目的分析甲状腺偶发癌发生的相关因素。方法选取病人68例,术前明确或高度怀疑仅甲状腺一侧腺叶癌灶,而对侧腺叶无结节或者结节不怀疑癌,且手术方式为双侧甲状腺全切+颈部淋巴结清扫术。依据术后对侧腺叶有无癌灶分为偶发癌组和无偶发癌组。分析偶发癌发生的相关因素。结果单因素分析显示偶发癌组与无偶发癌组间性别、年龄、颈部淋巴结肿大、原发癌结节直径、原发癌灶直径、癌灶/结径比、侧颈区淋巴结转移比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);合并癌、合并桥本病、促甲状腺激素(TSH)升高、原发癌位置、原发癌单/多灶、突出包膜、中央区淋巴结转移比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);多因素分析表明,TSH升高及原发癌多灶是偶发癌的独立危险因素;两组间原发癌对侧腺叶结节直径比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),对侧结节单/多灶比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论术前明确或高度怀疑仅有一侧腺叶癌灶,在原发癌多灶和TSH升高时,对侧腺叶发生偶发癌风险增加,手术时需注意。     

甲状腺微小乳头状癌颈部淋巴结转移的危险因素分析

目的:探讨甲状腺微小乳头状癌(PTMC)颈部淋巴结转移的危险因素。方法:回顾性分析贵州医科大学附属医院甲状腺外科2014年1月—2016年3月收治的169例PTMC患者临床病理资料。结果:169例患者均行预防性中央区淋巴结清扫,其中54例(32.0%)发生中央区淋巴结转移,单因素分析发现中央区淋巴结转移与年龄45岁、多灶性肿瘤、侵出包膜有关(均P0.05),多因素分析显示,年龄、多灶性肿瘤、侵出包膜都是中央区淋巴结转移的独立危险因素(均P0.05)。30例行中央区淋巴结加侧颈区淋巴结清扫,其中18例(10.7%)发生侧颈区淋巴结转移,单因素分析显示,肿瘤最大径、侵出包膜、多灶性肿瘤、中央区淋巴结转移与侧颈区淋巴结转移有关(均P0.05),多因素分析显示,肿瘤侵出包膜为侧颈区淋巴结转移的高危因素(P0.05);11例(6.5%)发生中央区并侧颈区淋巴结转移,侵出包膜、多灶性肿瘤为中央区并侧颈区淋巴结共同发生转移的高危因素(均P0.05)。高分辨率颈部淋巴结B超对中央区淋巴结转移的灵敏度、特异度分别为14.8%、96.5%,其对侧颈区淋巴结转移的灵敏度、特异度分别为94.4%、83.3%。结论:年龄45岁、多灶性肿瘤、侵出包膜是PTMC颈部淋巴结转移的危险因素。高分辨率颈部淋巴结B超可以作为甲状腺癌颈部淋巴结转移术前评估的重要手段。     

甲状腺癌诊断及复发因素分析

目的探讨甲状腺癌的诊断及与术后复发有关的因素。方法回顾性分析1999年3月至2006年2月期间上海市第一人民医院宝山分院收治的256例经手术及病理检查证实的甲状腺癌患者的临床资料。结果甲状腺乳头状癌235例(91.8%),滤泡状癌11例(4.3%),髓样癌7例(2.7%),未分化癌3例(1.2%)。所有病例均行手术治疗,手术方式包括:患侧腺叶+峡部+对侧甲状腺腺叶大部切除+病变侧中央区颈淋巴结清扫术;明确颈淋巴结转移或肿块明显外侵者,则行功能性颈淋巴结清扫术;对多灶癌或双腺叶癌者则施行双侧甲状腺全或近全切除,单或双侧Ⅵ区颈淋巴结清扫或一侧功能性颈淋巴结清扫+对侧Ⅵ区颈淋巴结清扫术。228例患者有完整的术后随访资料,随访3～9年,平均随访(6.5±1.3)年。随访期间14例发生复发或转移,其中6例死亡,死亡原因均为术后复发或远处转移。结论影像学检查是诊断甲状腺癌最主要的检查方法,肿块细针穿刺细胞学检查对肿块性质的判断准确率高,可靠性强。淋巴结转移率与原发病灶直径有关,肿瘤病理类型、分期、肿瘤外侵程度、淋巴结转移度、年龄及初次手术方式的选择与术后复发有关。     

分化型甲状腺癌的外科治疗

目的总结分化型甲状腺癌的诊治经验。方法回顾性分析110例分化型甲状腺癌的临床资料。结果全组均行手术治疗辅以内分泌治疗,110例分化型甲状腺癌中,乳头状癌88例(80.0%),滤泡状腺癌22例(20.0%);淋巴结转移者22例(20.0%)。手术方式包括单侧病变行患侧腺叶 峡部及对侧大部切除60例(其中功能性颈清扫12例),患侧腺叶 峡部切除29例(其中功能性颈清扫7例);双侧病变行一侧腺叶 峡部及对侧大部分切除18例(其中功能性颈清扫5例),甲状腺全切除术 双侧颈清扫2例;1例肺转移患者行甲状腺全切及颈部淋巴结清扫术后行131I内放射治疗。98例术后随访,10年生存率91.8%。结论分化型甲状腺癌预后较好,治疗关键是正确选择适当的手术方式。     

手术治疗分化型甲状腺癌48例

目的探讨分化型甲状腺癌的治疗方法。方法 48例均行手术治疗,据病理组织类型、肿瘤大小、病变范围、年龄和颈部淋巴结转移选择不同术式。单侧分化型甲状腺癌行患侧甲状腺及峡部切除或加对侧甲状腺部分切除;双侧者行全甲状腺切除,保留背侧部分组织;高危患者(年龄>45岁,肿瘤>4 cm)行颈淋巴结清扫术,术后辅以内分泌治疗。结果患侧腺叶+峡部切除术12例,患侧腺叶+峡部切除术+对侧腺体部分切除术34例,双侧甲状腺全切除术2例,功能性颈淋巴结清扫术16例,中央区颈淋巴结清扫术18例。术后发生神经损伤及甲减3例,无手术死亡病例。随访5 a以上者44例,无死亡病例,颈部淋巴结转移4例,无远处转移病例。结论分化型甲状腺癌应根据病理组织类型、肿瘤大小、病变范围、年龄和颈部淋巴结转移选择不同手术方式。     

甲状腺癌颈部淋巴结清扫术

近年来,大部分分化型甲状腺癌伴颈部淋巴结癌转移的患者实施保留副神经、颈内静脉和胸锁乳突肌的功能性颈淋巴结清扫术,因为分化型甲状腺癌较少侵犯上述组织,术后生存时间长,改善生活质量就显得十分重要。我们中心大部分患者术前已行细针穿刺诊断右甲状腺乳头状癌,所以术中先将单侧腺叶切除,送术中冰冻,等待期间清扫中央区淋巴结。病理证实为甲状腺癌后,进一步实施功能性的侧颈区淋巴结清扫术。     

分化型甲状腺癌淋巴结转移特点及颈侧方淋巴结清扫术局部应用解剖

分化型甲状腺癌是最常见的甲状腺癌,包括乳头状癌和滤泡状癌,多为低度恶性的甲状腺肿瘤,经过手术及术后辅助治疗后预后较好,可获得长期生存。有淋巴结转移者需要行颈淋巴结清扫是基本的外科治疗原则,但由于分化型甲状腺癌生物学行为的特殊性以及颈部解剖复杂,手术危险性相对较大,易发生意外损伤和并发症,目前国内外对分化型甲状腺癌颈部淋巴结清扫原则的认识仍未完全达成一致。     

1358例甲状腺结节的临床与病理特征分析

目的分析甲状腺结节的临床与病理特征,寻找甲状腺癌诊断及其发生淋巴结转移的可能因素。方法行手术治疗的甲状腺结节患者1358例,对其年龄、性别、高血压和甲亢病史、癌灶大小、双侧癌、多灶癌、浸润包膜及合并桥本甲状腺炎等特征进行统计学分析。结果 1358例患者中,女性患者占大多数(约80.3%),45岁以上患者占70.0%。其中,264例为甲状腺癌。对良恶性结节患者进行临床特征分析后发现,年龄及高血压病史与恶性结节的发生相关(P0.05),年龄45岁为甲状腺癌的独立危险因素。所有甲状腺癌患者中,37.5%的患者有颈部淋巴结转移,其发生与年龄、高血压、癌灶大小和浸润包膜相关(P0.05),而年龄45岁和癌灶浸润包膜为甲状腺癌发生颈部淋巴结转移的独立危险因素,在甲状腺乳头状癌患者中也同样如此。结论对于年龄45岁的甲状腺结节患者怀疑甲状腺癌者应密切观察或早期干预,对其中癌灶浸润包膜者给予颈部淋巴结清扫,可能让患者获得更好的预后。     

同期双侧颈淋巴结清扫治疗高分化及髓样甲状腺癌

目的 探讨同期双侧颈淋巴结清扫治疗高分化及髓样甲状腺癌的适应证、原发灶的根治范围和颈淋巴结清扫术式的选择。方法 回顾我院收治的22例双侧颈淋巴结转移的甲状腺乳头状、滤泡状及髓样癌的病例资料,10例行一侧叶切除加对侧叶近全切除根治原发癌,同时行一侧传统颈清扫加对侧改良清扫（下称传统清扫组）;12例行全甲状腺切除根治并行同期双侧颈淋巴结改良清扫（下称改良清扫组）。结果 单侧癌9例,双侧癌13例,20例原发癌为多中心性。双侧改良清扫组颜面水肿率显著低于传统清扫组（16．7％vs100％,P〈0．01）,渗出量[（300．4±40．65）ml vs（406．8±39．85）ml]、术后住院时间[（8．3±1．16）d vs（12．5±1．58）d]也低于传统清扫组（P〈0．01）。结论 发生双侧颈淋巴结转移的高分化甲状腺癌及髓样癌,应行全甲状腺切除及双侧颈淋巴结清扫,同期双侧的改良颈淋巴结清扫不但术后恢复快、生活质量高,而且远期疗效肯定,值得推广和应用。     

全甲状腺切除加功能性颈淋巴结清扫治疗甲状腺乳头状癌172例

目的 探讨甲状腺乳头状癌颈淋巴结转移模式以及全甲状腺切除+功能性颈淋巴结清扫术在甲状腺乳头状癌治疗中的作用.方法 回顾性分析一期全甲状腺切除+功能性颈淋巴结清扫术治疗的172例甲状腺乳头状癌患者的临床和病理资料.结果 172例患者的219侧功能性颈淋巴结清扫结果提示颈淋巴结转移率依次为Ⅵ区(96.3%)、Ⅳ区(78.5%)、Ⅲ区(62.1%).肿瘤浸润甲状腺被膜者颈淋巴结转移率明显增高(P＜0.05).124例术后1 d血清甲状旁腺素(15.87±8.03)pg/ml较术前(37.68±15.0)pg/ml显著降低(P＜0.01).患者5年、10年和15年的生存率分别为(98.83±0.82)%、(98.23±1.02)%和(96.42±1.43)%.结论 术中快速冰冻切片是确定Ⅵ区淋巴结病理状态的可靠方法.准确掌握全甲状腺切除+功能性颈淋巴结清扫术的适应证,术后患者可获得长期生存.     

Indications for bilateral neck dissection in well-differentiated carcinoma of the thyroid

This paper analyses the results of sixty-eight patients with thyroid carcinoma in whom bilateral modified radical neck dissection was performed, and discusses the indications for bilateral modified radical neck dissection. High frequencies of bilateral jugular lymph node metastases were found in eleven patients with obviously widespread involvement of both thyroid lobes, 13 with cancer mainly located in the isthmus, 2 with clinically detectable bilateral or contralateral jugular chain lymph node metastases, and 10 with recurrent thyroid cancer. Bilateral modified radical neck dissection, therefore appears to be indicated for those conditions. On the other hand, lymph node metastases in the contralateral neck were histologically confirmed in 6 out of 27 patients (22 per cent), in whom papillary carcinoma was clinically confined to one lobe, and where there were no obviously enlarged lymph nodes in the contralateral neck. In those patients, the histological confirmation of the contralateral thyroid lobe involvements, and of the contralateral paratracheal lymph node metastasis, appears to be a valid indication for elective contralateral modified radical neck dissection.     

Indications for bilateral modified radical neck dissection in patients with papillary carcinoma of the thyroid

HYPOTHESES: After subtotal thyroidectomy with modified radical neck dissection of the affected side, nodal recurrence at the contralateral cervical side indicates a poor prognosis for patients with papillary thyroid cancer. Bilateral modified radical neck dissection is beneficial for patients at high risk for contralateral nodal recurrence. DESIGN AND SETTING: Retrospective study of patients with papillary cancer who were treated surgically from January 1, 1970, through December 31, 1995, at the Noguchi Thyroid Clinic and Hospital Foundation, Beppu, Japan. PATIENTS: Patients (N = 1776) had primary tumors greater than 10 mm in maximum diameter and underwent thyroidectomy and ipsilateral modified radical neck dissection with curative intent. RESULTS: Thirty-two patients (1.8%) developed contralateral lymph node metastases during the mean follow-up period of 12.1 years. The risk factors for contralateral nodal recurrence were male sex, large primary tumor, tumor extension over the isthmus, extracapsular adhesion or invasion to surrounding tissues, and the presence of gross nodal metastasis at initial surgery. These patients had a greater number of distant metastases (31.1% vs 0.7%; P<.001) and a lower 10-year survival rate (83.7% vs 99.3%; P<.001) than patients without nodal recurrence. CONCLUSION: Bilateral modified radical neck dissection should be considered for patients with papillary carcinoma who show risk factors for contralateral nodal recurrence, as it could prevent a second operation and may improve their outcome.     

Clinical evaluation of operative procedure for differentiated carcinoma of isthmus of the thyroid

We studied 19 patients who had undergone operation for differentiated carcinoma of isthmus of the thyroid in Shinshu University Hospital from 1967 to 1986. Regarding the operations, total thyroidectomy was performed in 6 cases, subtotal thyroidectomy in 8 cases, lobectomy in one case and isthmectomy in 4 cases. In 12 cases, lymph node dissection was carried out. Among these 12 cases, 6 cases (50%) had evidence of metastasis. Intraglandular metastasis was found in 3 cases. There were no relationship between tumor size and nodal metastasis. From these results, we do not think that total thyroidectomy is indicated in the case of differentiated carcinoma of isthmus of the thyroid. In conclusion, subtotal thyroidectomy with bilateral modified radical neck dissection is sufficient as the operative procedure for differentiated carcinoma of isthmus of the thyroid.     

Regional lymph node metastases in well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma

The status of regional lymph node metastases was assessed in 171 patients with thyroid cancer who underwent a variety of thyroidectomy procedures with regional lymph node dissection at Kanazawa University, from January 1979 to March 1986. The rates of regional lymph node metastasis in minimal and ordinary thyroid cancer were 57% and 84% respectively. Since the rates of lymph node metastasis were high not only in the central cervical compartment but also in the lateral jugular compartment, modified radical neck dissection in the ipsilateral neck is at least recommended in patients with these thyroid cancers. Furthermore, high frequencies of bilateral regional lymph node metastases were found in patients with obviously widespread involvement of the bilateral lobes, with cancer located in the isthmus, with clinically detectable bilateral or contralateral jugular lymph node metastases and with histological involvement in the contralateral paratracheal lymph nodes. Bilateral modified radical neck dissection is recommended in these patients.     

T1-2N0M0期甲状腺癌行全甲状腺切除加中央区淋巴结清扫必要性探讨

目的 分析T1-2N0M0期分化型甲状腺癌不同治疗术式的肿瘤复发再手术率,探讨全甲状腺切除加中央区淋巴结清扫的必要性。方法 回顾性分析2020年4月至2021年4月郑州大学第一附属医院甲状腺外科228例术前评估为T1-2N0M0期,行全甲状腺切除加中央区淋巴结清扫的分化型甲状腺癌病人临床资料。参考2015美国甲状腺协会（ATA）分化型甲状腺癌诊疗指南,评估如果选择行腺叶切除术或全甲状腺切除术,而不行中央区淋巴结清扫,可能出现肿瘤复发的情况,并统计复发再手术率。结果 如果选择行全甲状腺切除术不加中央区淋巴结清扫,肿瘤复发再手术率35.2%（19/54）;如果选择行腺叶切除术不加中央区淋巴结清扫,肿瘤复发再手术率32.7%（54/165）;两者总体肿瘤复发再手术率为33.3%（73/219）。结论 选择T1-2N0M0期分化型甲状腺癌手术方式时,参考ATA分化型甲状腺癌诊疗指南可能会缩小手术范围,增加肿瘤复发再手术率。选择手术方式时应做好充分的术前评估,根据肿瘤大小、包膜侵犯和淋巴结转移情况,保证喉返神经及甲状旁腺安全前提下选择更加合理的治疗术式。     

Indications for bilateral neck dissection in well-differentiated carcinoma of the thyroid

This paper analyses the results of sixty-eight patients with thyroid carcinoma in whom bilateral modified radical neck dissection was performed, and discusses the indications for bilateral modified radical neck dissection. High frequencies of bilateral jugular lymph node metastases were found in eleven patients with obviously widespread involvement of both thyroid lobes, 13 with cancer mainly located in the isthmus, 2 with clinically detectable bilateral or contralateral jugular chain lymph node metastases, and 10 with recurrent thyroid cancer. Bilateral modified radical neck dissection, therefore appears to be indicated for those conditions. On the other hand, lymph node metastases in the contralateral neck were histologically confirmed in 6 out of 27 patients (22 per cent), in whom papillary carcinoma was clinically confined to one lobe, and where there were no obviously enlarged lymph nodes in the contralateral neck. In those patients, the histological confirmation of the contralateral thyroid lobe involvements, and of the contralateral paratracheal lymph node metastasis, appears to be a valid indication for elective contralateral modified radical neck dissection.     

�ֻ��ͼ�״�ٰ��о����ܰͽ���ɨ�����弰��ʽ̽��

??The choice and significance of neck lymph node dissection for differentiated thyroid carcinoma ZHANG Yang*??CUI Zhao-qing??SUN Shan-ping??et al. *Department of Breast &Thyroid Surgery??Liaocheng People’s Hospital of Shandong Province??Liaocheng 252000??China
Corresponding author: ZHANG Yang, E-mail: zhangyang5366@yahoo.com
Abstract Objective To explore the operation mode choice and significance of neck lymph node dissection for differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC). Methods From January 2007 to June 2010, 428 cases (506 sides) of DTC were treated by operations at Liaocheng People’s Hospital of Shandong Province. Among them, 349 cases performed simplified operative procedure depended on standard modified radical thyroidectomy. The lymph nodes of neck were evaluated separately. The complications of different operation modes were compared. Results Four hundreds and forty-one sides performed central lymph node dissection(?? ) with metastasis rate of 52.83%. Three hundreds and eighty-five sides performed lateral lymph node dissection ( ??a??????????b ) with metastasis rate of 44.42%, among which ??a area, ?? area, ?? area and ??b area accounted for 23.98%, 67.84%, 53.80% and 4.68% respectively. Conclusion DTC has high metastasis rate even if it is microcarcinoma. So the patients of cN0 should performed lymph node dissection to decrease the possibility of recurrence and evaluate the clinical stage. Simplified modified radical thyroidectomy is valuable to be promoted because it is closer to the principle of functional radical dissection with less trauma and more indications.     

联合甲状腺全切除和中央区淋巴结清扫术治疗甲状腺乳头状癌安全性的meta分析

目的 评价同时进行甲状腺全切除和颈中央区淋巴结清扫术治疗甲状腺乳头状癌的安全性.方法 采用Mantel-Haenszel法对符合入选标准的7篇文献进行meta分析,计算相对危险度.结果 7个临床试验共有1524例符合人选条件,其中904例单行甲状腺全切除术,620例同时实施了甲状腺全切除和中央区淋巴结清扫.与单行甲状腺全切除组相比联合手术组术后暂时性低钙血症(P=0.03)和暂时性声带麻痹(P=0.01)的发生率增加,永久性低钙血症(P=0.32)和永久性声带麻痹(P=0.75)发生率无明显差别.结论 同时实施甲状腺全切除和颈中央区淋巴结清扫增加的手术并发症都是一过性的,对高危组甲状腺乳头状癌可以考虑实施预防性颈中央区淋巴结清扫.     

Prediction of mediastinal lymph node metastasis in medullary thyroid carcinoma

BACKGROUND: Mediastinal lymph node metastases can be life threatening owing to their proximity to vital organs. Reliable identification of mediastinal metastasis is of utmost importance for timely mediastinal lymph node dissection, although suitable clinicopathological variables for their detection in patients with thyroid cancer have yet to be identified. METHODS: This was an analysis of 83 consecutive patients with radiological suspicion of mediastinal metastasis who underwent trans-sternal mediastinal lymph node dissection for node-positive medullary thyroid carcinoma between November 1994 and March 2003. RESULTS: Univariate analysis revealed that extrathyroidal extension (P < 0.001), distant metastasis (P = 0.001), the preoperative serum calcitonin level (P = 0.001), operation type (P = 0.004), contralateral cervicolateral metastasis (P = 0.016) and bilateral nodal metastasis (P = 0.031) were significantly associated with mediastinal involvement. Only extrathyroidal extension remained significant in a multivariate logistic regression analysis of mediastinal lymph node metastasis. Prediction of mediastinal metastasis by extrathyroidal extension was best at reoperation, with a specificity of 97 per cent and a positive predictive value of 88 per cent. CONCLUSION: Mediastinal lymph node dissection should be considered in patients undergoing reoperation for node-positive medullary thyroid carcinoma who have extrathyroidal extension and cervical lymph node metastases.