结直肠癌螺旋CT征象与肿瘤血管生成的关系

目的 探讨结直肠癌螺旋CT征象与肿瘤血管生成的关系.方法40例结直肠癌患者术前均行螺旋CT多期动态扫描,术后肿瘤标本采用免疫组化SP法染色,检测血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、基质金属蛋白酶(MMP)2和nm23的表达并计数微血管密度(MVD).结果 螺旋CT判断结直肠癌肠外、肠壁浸润的准确率为92.5%.肠外、肠壁浸润组的转移率分别为67.9%和33.3%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).螺旋CT结直肠癌肠壁、肠外浸润组间的CT强化程度、MVD、VEGF和MMP-2的表达差异具有统计学意义(t值分别为7.73、2.85、2.44、2.05,P均<0.05).结直肠癌腹腔内转移与无转移组间的CT强化程度、MVD和nm23表达的差异亦有统计学意义(P均<0.05).结直肠癌肠壁浸润组及腹腔内转移组癌组织CT强化程度与MVD之间呈正相关(r=0.878,P<0.05).结论 螺旋CT扫描可准确反映结直肠癌肠外浸润、腹腔内转移情况.MVD和VEGF、MMP-2表达与结直肠癌浸润密切相关.nm23的失活可能是结直肠癌转移的因素.CT强化程度可反映肿瘤血管生成,有助对结直肠癌的浸润、转移进行估计.     

TPX2和胸苷磷酸化酶在胃癌中的表达及其临床意义

目的:探讨Xk1p2靶蛋白(targeting protein for Xk1 p2,TPX2)和胸苷磷酸化酶(thymidine phosphorylase,TP)在胃腺癌中的表达及其与临床病理因素的关系.方法:应用免疫组织化学SP法,检测75例胃腺癌(胃腺癌组)、33例异型增生(癌旁异型增生组)和75例正常胃黏膜组...     

结直肠癌组织PSMA标记的微血管密度与相关临床病理特征的关系

目的 探讨结直肠癌组织中PSMA标记的微血管密度情况，并分析其与临床病理学特征及预后的相关性。方法 采用免疫组化EnVision法检测102例结直肠癌组织中PSMA标记的微血管密度情况，PCR法检测结直肠癌组织中微卫星稳定和KRAS基因突变情况，分析PSMA微血管密度与临床病理特征及预后的相关性。结果 PSMA均明确表达于肿瘤间质新生的血管内皮细胞膜，在肠壁组织的正常血管内皮未见表达；PSMA标记的微血管密度平均值为12.11,其在肿瘤组织及正常对照组织中的表达差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);PSMA标记的微血管密度与结直肠癌组织学类型(P=0.030)和淋巴结转移(P=0.033)相关。结论 PSMA在结直肠癌肿瘤相关血管中表达较高，且与组织学分型、淋巴结转移显著相关，提示PSMA可能作为结直肠癌血管靶向治疗的新靶点，为PSMA用于结直肠癌的靶向治疗提供理论依据。     

癌组织中血管内皮生长因子表达及与微血管生成关系

目的　探讨血管内皮生长因子 (VEGF)在癌组织中的表达及其与癌组织血管生成、病理参数的关系。方法　采用S P免疫组织化学染色法检测 5 6例乳腺癌、5 9例食管癌及其癌旁正常组织各 10例的VEGF表达 ,并记数微血管密度。对每种癌组织各 10例进行VEGFmRNA原位杂交检测。结果　癌组织VEGF表达阳性率高于其正常组织 ,差异具有显著性 (P <0 0 5或P <0 0 1)。VEGF的表达与乳腺癌、食管癌的病理分级密切相关 (P <0 0 5 )。有淋巴结转移的病例 ,其VEGF表达率明显高于无淋巴结转移的病例 (P <0 0 5 )。而且随着VEGF表达的增强 ,癌组织内微血管密度明显增高 (P <0 0 1或P <0 0 5 )。结论　癌组织VEGF表达增强在肿瘤血管生成及生长、转移中起重要作用。     

c-erbB-2过表达、nm23低表达与结直肠癌预后不良的关系

目的　探讨结直肠癌c erbB 2、CD4 4v6、nm2 3基因蛋白表达与临床病理特征的相关性及意义。方法　用免疫组织化学SP法检测了 92例结直肠癌组织c erbB 2、CD4 4v6、nm2 3蛋白表达 ,并对其中随访 10年以上的 2 8例作了生存分析。结果　c erbB 2和CD4 4v6的表达均与国际抗癌联盟(UICC)分期有关 (P <0 0 5 ) ,而且c erbB 2表达还与显著的瘤周淋巴样细胞浸润有关 (P <0 0 5 )。在随访 10年以上的 2 8例中 ,单因素分析显示 :患者生存率与组织分型、UICC分期、肿瘤生长方式、瘤周淋巴样细胞浸润以及c erbB 2、CD4 4v6、nm2 3表达均有关。但经多因素Cox比例风险分析 ,只有UICC分期、c erbB 2和nm2 3表达具有独立的预后意义。结论　除UICCⅢ、Ⅳ期之外 ,c erbB 2过表达和nm2 3表达减少似乎可作为结直肠癌预后不良的可行性指标     

结直肠癌中5-氟尿嘧啶代谢酶的表达及临床意义

目的：分析5-氟尿嘧啶（5-F1uorouraci1,5-FU）代谢酶在结直肠癌中的表达及其与临床病理特征及预后的关系,为进一步探讨其在指导结直肠癌化疗中的潜在意义提供理论依据。方法构建含有72例结直肠癌、56例癌旁远端切缘的组织芯片,采用免疫组化EnVision两步法检测胸苷酸合成酶（ thymidy1ate synthetase,TS）、胸苷酸磷酸化酶（ thymidine phosphory1ase, TP）、二氢嘧啶脱氢酶（ dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase,DPD）在两种组织芯片中的表达,并分析三者表达与结直肠癌临床病理特征及预后的关系。结果结直肠癌组织中的TS表达水平低于癌旁远端切缘组织（ P=0.876）;其表达与TNM分期有关（P=0.043）;与患者总生存期呈正相关（P=0.027）。结直肠癌组织中TP表达水平高于癌旁远端切缘组织（P=0.315）;其表达与淋巴结转移有关（ P=0.009）;与患者预后呈负相关（ P=0.040）。结直肠癌组织中DPD表达水平高于癌旁远端切缘组织（P=0.071）;其表达与组织学类型有关（P=0.029）;DPD高表达的患者总生存期显著缩短（P=0.011）。结论在以5-FU为基础化疗的结直肠癌患者中,TS、TP、DPD可以作为预后的重要指标。TS表达与临床分期密不可分,可作为结直肠癌进展的生物学标志。TP表达与淋巴结远处转移及复发密切相关,是影响患者术后复发转移的重要因素。     

CHPF高表达在结直肠癌预后评估中的意义

目的探讨软骨素聚合因子(chondroitin polymerizing factor, CHPF)在结直肠癌预后评估中的意义。方法采用免疫组化SP法检测206例结直肠癌原发灶及癌旁组织中CHPF蛋白的表达,应用Western blot法检测结直肠原发灶癌组织及其癌旁组织中CHPF蛋白的表达。结果 CHPF蛋白在原发灶癌组织(122/206,59.2%)中的表达显著高于癌旁组织;Western blot实验显示在新鲜结直肠癌组织中检测到CHPF蛋白(5/5,100%)。CHPF蛋白高表达与结直肠癌神经或脉管侵犯(P=0.011)、TNM分期(P0.01)、癌结节(P=0.035)明显相关;与患者性别、年龄、肿瘤分化程度和KRAS状态无关(P0.05)。Kaplan-Meier生存分析结果表明,CHPF蛋白高表达与结肠癌患者不良预后显著相关(P0.001)。Cox多因素风险回归模型分析显示,CHPF蛋白可以作为结直肠癌患者不良预后的独立预测因子。结论 CHPF蛋白高表达是结直肠癌患者不良预后的预测因子之一。     

错配修复蛋白表达及RAS基因突变与结直肠癌临床病理特征的关系

目的 探讨结直肠癌组织中错配修复(mismatch repair,MMR)蛋白表达及RAS基因突变状态与临床病理特征的相关性.方法 采用免疫组化法检测186例结直肠癌组织中4种MMR蛋白(MSH2、MSH6、MLH1、PMS2)的表达,并采用ARMS-PCR法检测RAS基因突变状态.结果 186例结直肠癌组织中MMR蛋...     

CXCL8和VEGF在胰腺癌组织中的表达及其与血管生成的关系

目的探讨CXCL8和VEGF在胰腺癌组织中的表达及其与肿瘤血管生成的关系。方法应用免疫组化方法检测23例胰腺癌组织和27例正常胰腺组织微血管密度和CXCL8、VEGF的表达,分析MVD、CXCL8、VEGF与胰腺癌临床病理因素的关系,并分析三者之间的相关性。结果胰腺癌组织中MVD显著高于正常胰腺组织(t=11.187,P0.05),胰腺癌分化程度差、CA199分泌多、临床分期晚肿、瘤直径越大以及淋巴结转移患者肿瘤组织MVD值越高(P0.05);胰腺癌组织中VEGF的表达显著高于正常胰腺组织(χ~2=40.338,P0.05);胰腺癌组织中CXCL8的表达显著高于正常胰腺组织(χ~2=25.343,P0.05),胰腺癌患者中CA199水平越高,分化程度越差,CXCL8的阳性表达率越高(P0.05);胰腺癌组织中MVD与VEGF的表达无相关性;在所有统计病例中,VEGF表达阳性者MVD值比阴性者高(P0.05);胰腺癌组织中CXCL8阳性者MVD值比阴性者高(P0.05),所有统计病例中,CXCL8阳性者MVD值比阴性者高(P0.05);胰腺癌组中CXCL8与VEGF的表达无相关性,在所有统计病例中,CXCL8与VEGF的表达呈正相关(r=-0.079,P0.05)。结论胰腺癌中微血管新生高于正常胰腺组织,CXCL8和VEGF与肿瘤血管生成相关。     

乳腺良恶性肿瘤新生血管超微结构及血管生成相关分子的表达

目的 探讨乳腺良恶性不同肿瘤在新生血管超微结构及其血管生成相关分子表达方面的差异性.方法 应用透射电镜观察乳腺良恶性肿瘤新生血管超微结构改变,免疫组化技术检测CD34、VEGF及其受体Flk-1/KDR在两组肿瘤中的表达特性.结果 恶性组新生血管内皮细胞紧密连接开放,基膜不连续,缺乏平滑肌成分.内皮细胞胞体大,细胞核大,畸形,核仁增大、边集,核质比例增大,胞质内吞饮泡多.较多的单个内皮细胞呈裂隙状,血管腔闭塞或明显狭窄.恶性组MVD高于良性组(P<0.05),微血管丰富区位于痛巢边缘.VEGF在乳腺癌性上皮细胞及癌周血管内皮细胞呈强阳性表达,Flk-1/KDR在乳腺恶性肿瘤m管内皮细胞旱强阳性表达,VEGF及Flk一1/KDR尤其在癌灶边缘呈强阳性表达,良性组几乎不表达(P<0.05).结论 乳腺癌新生血管内皮细胞在超微结构及分子表达上具有异质性,VEGF或受体Flk-1/KDR可能是乳腺癌早期诊断及治疗的分子靶标,癌灶边缘可能是下一步进行乳腺癌分子影像观察的重点靶区.     

Thymidine phosphorylase expression in human colorectal mucosa, adenoma and carcinoma: Role of p53 expression

The enzyme, thymidine phosphorylase (dThdPase) is identical to platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor (PD-ECGF), which acts as a potent angiogenic factor. The present study immunohistochemically examined the expression of dThdPase in human colorectal mucosa, adenomas and carcinomas, as well as six cultured colorectal carcinoma cell lines, in terms of intratumoral microvessel density (IMVD) and P53 expression. Thymidine phosphorylase was observed in lymphocytes, fibroblasts and macrophages, as well as smooth muscle cells and Schwann cells in the peripheral nerve fibers. The dThdPase-positive stromal cells apparently outnumbered the normal epithelial cells, adenoma and carcinoma cells with dThdPase. Weak but obvious cytoplasmic immunoreactivity was noted in a few normal colonic epithelia, predominantly the upper surface area, while a few adenoma cells showed weak nuclear immunostaining for dThdPase in six (24%) of the 25 colonic adenomas. Expression of dThdPase was noted in 33 (73.3%) of the 45 Dukes A and B, 14 (51.9%) of the 27 Dukes C and 14 (56.0%) of the 25 Dukes D carcinomas. The mean IMVD was 84.0 +/- 26.2 in the 36 dThdPase-negative carcinomas and 97.9 +/- 31.6 in the 61 dThdPase-positive carcinomas, the value being significantly higher in the latter group (P < 0.05). The frequency of dThdPase expression was significantly lower in the P53-negative carcinomas than in the positive carcinomas (P < 0.05). Western blot analysis showed the highest expression of dThdPase in LoVo carrying the wild-type p53 gene, followed by Colo201, Colo320, DLD-11 and WiDr carrying the mutated gene. These results indicate that: (i) the main source of dThdPase is stromal cells, including lymphocytes and macrophages in both colorectal normal and carcinoma tissues; (ii) dThdPase may take part in the induction of intratumoral microvessels, regardless of tumor stage; and (iii) expression might be modulated by not only P53 but also other molecules.     

The expression of thymidine phosphorylase/platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor is correlated to angiogenesis in breast cancer

It has been shown that human thymidine phosphorylase (TP) Is Identical to platelet-derlved endothelial cell growth factor and has angiogenlc actlvhy. In the present study, the expression of TP was examined In 139 mammary carclnomas and 35 benign mammary disorders using biochemical and lmmunohlstochemlcal methods. Moreover, In order to evaluate the significance of TP expression in mammary carcinomas, the relationship between vascular density and various cllnicopathological factors, including age and menopausal status of patients with a mammary carcinoma, were compared wtth the size, nodal status, expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PgR), c-erbB-2, p53 and TP of a mammary carcinoma. Thymidine phosphorylase expression Increased in both the nuclei and cytoplasm of mammary carclnoma cells in comparison to mammary benign disorder cells. The number of mlcroves-sels In mammary carcinomas was generally correlated to the number of tumor cells with TP expression in cytoplasm. The number of cells with TP expression in cytoplasm was significantly large In tumors that measured 34 cm In diameter, compared wtth tumors measuring 1–2 and 5–6 cm in diameter. In mammary tumors of 1–4 cm diameter, TP expression and vessel denslty were slgnlficantly high in tumors negative for ER or positive for cerbB2 and In tumors positive for TP or cerbB2, respectively; whereas tumors of 5–6 cm In diameter were not modified by any cllnlcopathological factors. The results lndlcated that TP plays an Important anglogenetic role In mammary carcinomas, especially tumors with a certain progression.     

信号素4D在结直肠癌组织中的表达及其与微血管密度的关系

目的:探讨结直肠癌组织中信号素4D(semaphorin4D,Sema4D)的表达及其与微血管密度(microvessel density,MVD)的相关性.方法:回顾性分析2014至2015年间在云南省肿瘤医院结直肠外科接受结直肠癌根治性手术的61例患者的临床病理资料;采用免疫组织化学SP法检测该组患者的结直肠癌组织标本及其56例癌旁组织中Sema4D蛋白的表达水平;采用微血管密度计数法计数用CD34标记的微血管.结果:Sema4D主要表达于结直肠癌细胞膜及细胞质,癌旁组织细胞质内呈阴性表达.癌组织Sema4D表达阳性率(61/61)明显高于癌旁组织(0/56),差异有统计学意义(x2=113.027,P＜0.001).Sema4D与MVD两者作相关性分析,两者有显著的正相关(r=0.333,P=0.009).MVD表达量在Sema4D表达高低组间存在显著差异(P=0.003).结论:Sema4D在结直肠癌组织高水平表达,且与MVD存在明显的正相关性,提示其有望成为潜在的结直肠癌血管治疗靶点.     

Platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor/thymidine phosphorylase expression in normal tissues: An immunohistochemical study

Angiogenesis is the formation of new blood vessels from the existing vascular bed. It is a complex multi-step process controlled by a number of angiogenic factors. One such factor is platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor (PD-ECGF), recently shown to be thymidine phosphorylase (TP), which is angiogenic in several in vivo assays and tumour systems. PD-ECGF/TP catalyes the reversible phosphorylation of thymidine to deoxyribose-1- phosphate and thymine. Since PD-ECGF/TP has an important role in cellular metabolism and in angiogenesis and its expression has been only partially characterized, we raised a monoclonal antibody against recombinant PD-ECGF/TP and used an immunohistochemical approach to examine the expression of PD-ECGF/TP in a comprehensive range of normal human tissues. The clone P-GF44. C, which recognized recombinant PD-ECGF-TP and cell lysates transfected with a plasmid expressing PD-ECGF/TP cDNA on Western blotting, was selected for its ability to stain routinely processed tissue. Staining was observed in both the cytoplasm and/or the nucleus. Immunoreactivity was strongly expressed by macrophages, stromal cells, glial cells, and some epithelia. Gastrointestinal epithelium, smooth muscle, adrenal, lung, and testis were negative. Although endothelial cell expression was observed, there was no correlation with sites of new vessel growth. This pattern of expression suggests tight PD-ECGF/TP regulation and that cellular thymidine pools may serve to control its different functions. Thus, in the nucleus it might modulate the pool for DNA synthesis, whilst in the cytoplasm it could control other effects through different enzyme systems. The high expression present in macrophages and skin might be important for total body thymidine homeostasis.     

大肠癌中PTTG的表达及意义

目的探讨垂体肿瘤转化基因(pituitary tumor transforming gene,PTTG)在大肠癌中的表达及其与大肠癌临床病理特征的关系。方法采用免疫组化MaxVision两步法对63例大肠癌组织及距癌灶3 cm以外的癌旁组织、距癌灶10 cm以外的正常组织中PTTG进行检测。结果PTTG在癌组织中表达的阳性率明显高于癌旁和非癌组织(P0.01、P0.01);并在不同年龄组(60岁和≥60岁)、不同组织学分级(高分化和中、低分化)、有或无淋巴结转移及肿瘤不同浸润深度(肌层和浆膜层)病例中表达差异有显著性(P0.05,P0.01,P0.05,P0.01)。结论PTTG在大肠癌的发生、发展中起重要作用;可以作为临床判断大肠癌生物学行为有用的分子生物学指标。     

结直肠癌中ZHX2蛋白表达的检测及其临床病理意义

目的检测结直肠癌中ZHX2蛋白的表达情况,探讨ZHX2与结直肠癌的关系。方法利用免疫组化法分别检测73例结直肠癌组织及其对应的癌旁正常组织中的ZHX2蛋白的表达情况。结果 73例结直肠癌组织中ZHX2蛋白的阳性率为82.2%(60/73),癌旁正常组织中ZHX2蛋白的阳性率为94.5%(69/73),差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在结直肠癌组织中,ZHX2蛋白的阳性表达与肿瘤的发生部位及分化程度有关(P<0.05),与性别、年龄、肿瘤大小、浸润深度、淋巴结转移及Dukes分期无关(P>0.05)。ZHX2(+)组患者的生存时间长于ZHX2(-)组(P<0.05)。结论 ZHX2作为一种转录抑制因子,可能参与结直肠癌的发生与演进,并有助于患者预后的判断。     

抗CD34单抗标记血管生成在非小细胞肺癌中的表达及临床意义

目的探讨非小细胞肺癌中 CD34标记的血管生成的表达及临床意义。方法采用免疫组化法检测 81例手术切除的非小细胞肺癌标本中抗内皮细胞表面抗原 CD34单抗标记的血管生成。结果 CD34以其染色的特异性、敏感性及清晰的背景而易于识别。统计学分析显示微血管密度同肺癌临床分期的进展及血行转移密切相关 ,但未发现同淋巴结转移及其它临床病理特征有关。结论肺癌中微血管密度对血行转移的进展有重要作用且同肺癌的发生有关。