人参皂苷Rg1干预骨髓间充质干细胞转化为多潜能干细胞关键基因mRNA的表达

背景：将成体细胞重编程为诱导多潜能干细胞方案主要通过反转录病毒将Oct-4, Sox2, c-Myc, Klf4等基因转入成体细胞而实现。 目的：观察人参皂苷Rg1作用于骨髓间充质干细胞后,对成体细胞向诱导多潜能干细胞转化的关键性基因Oct4、Sox2、c-Myc、Klf4、Nanog mRNA表达的影响。 方法：培养骨髓间充质干细胞,对照组培养基为α-MEM,体积分数5%FBS,1%双抗;用药组培养基为α-MEM,体积分数15%FBS,1 000 U/mL Rat ESGRO®,1%双抗,并加入6.25 μmol/L和12.5 μmol/L人参皂苷Rg1。检测骨髓间充质干细胞Oct4,Sox2,c-Myc,Klf4,Nanog等mRNA的表达。 结果与结论：人参皂苷Rg1 6.25 μmol/L培养30 d,Nanog、c-Myc、Oct、Klf4、Sox2 mRNA表达均有升高,且Nanog、c-Myc与对照组差异有显著性意义。人参皂苷Rg1能促进骨髓间充质干细胞表达c-Myc,Nanog,但Nanog阳性的诱导多潜能干细胞在基因表达谱上很难与胚胎干细胞区分出来,提示人参皂苷Rg1对骨髓间充质干细胞向诱导多潜能干细胞转化可能具有促进作用。     

人脐带间充质干细胞表达胚胎干细胞相关转录因子

背景：Nanog、Oct4和Sox2通过调节胚胎干细胞的基因转录,对其多潜能性和自我更新的能力具有关键性的调控作用,脐带间充质干细胞中这些胚胎干细胞相关转录因子的表达情况如何还不太清楚。 目的：研究脐带间充质干细胞中Nanog、Oct4和Sox2等这些胚胎干细胞相关转录因子的表达情况。 方法：胶原酶和胰酶消化法培养脐带间充质干细胞;mTeSRTM1体系进行无滋养层培养人胚胎干细胞,定量PCR比较上述两种细胞中Nanog、Oct4和Sox2 mRNA表达量的差异;免疫荧光检测上述两种细胞中Nanog、Oct4和Sox2的表达情况。 结果与结论：间充质干细胞表达胚胎干细胞标记Nanog、Oct4和Sox2,但Oct4主要表达在胞浆,且以Oct4B为主。脐带间充质干细胞Nanog、Oct4A和Sox2的表达量明显低于胚胎干细胞,其mRNA表达量分别为胚胎干细胞的20%,0.3%,10%左右。通过了解两种细胞Nanog、Oct4和Sox2的表达差异,可为优化脐带间充质干细胞重编程提供依据,也为进一步研究胚胎干细胞相关转录因子在成体干细胞表达起何种作用提供参考。     

诱导多能干细胞的研究进展

人类组织工程的最终目的 是细胞在体外生长、分化为功能组织和器官以替代、修复、维持或者增强受损组织和器官功能.胚胎干细胞由于具有体外无限扩增的能力以及分化为机体各种类型细胞的潜能而成为组织工程中首选的细胞来源.主要就应用不同转录因子Oct3/4、Sox2、c-myc、Klf4、Nanog和LIN28经逆病毒导入未经遗传修改的成纤维细胞,从而使该类细胞去分化与重编程成具有分化为其它各种类型细胞的多能干细胞的研究进展作一综述.     

脂肪基质干细胞和骨髓基质干细胞的体外分化能力

背景：脂肪基质干细胞和骨髓基质干细胞具有很多相似的生物学特性。 目的：比较脂肪基质干细胞和骨髓基质干细胞与受损PC12细胞分别共培养后定向分化能力的差异。 方法：分别分离培养脂肪组织来源和骨髓组织来源的基质干细胞,取第5代细胞进行实验,2种细胞分别与正常或受损PC12细胞培养上清液共培养,或仅单独培养。 结果与结论：脂肪基质干细胞和骨髓基质干细胞均表达较高水平的CD44和CD29,而后者表达的CD45、CD56在前者几乎未检测到。单独培养的2种细胞均表达较高水平的Nanog、Oct4、Sox2,不表达神经元特异性烯醇酶。其中经受损PC12细胞干预的2种细胞Nanog、Oct4、Sox2表达水平显著降低,而脂肪基质干细胞中神经元特异性烯醇酶阳性细胞数更多,提示受损PC12细胞对于脂肪基质干细胞可能具有更强的诱导分化作用。     

Suspension cultures of bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells: effects of donor age and glucose level

Both ageing and diabetes are associated with reduced numbers and functional viability of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in vivo which in turn lead to degenerative pathologies of the musculoskeletal system. The overall aim of this study was to elucidate the effects of age and raised glucose levels on the proliferation and self-renewal of rat nonadherent bone marrow MSCs (Na-BM-MSCs) in suspension cultures. MSC cultures isolated from 3- and 12-month-old rats were maintained using the "pour-off" method for up to 14 days in media containing different glucose levels and the phenotype, growth characteristics, colony forming unit-fibroblastic (CFU-f) numbers, and pluripotency characteristics of these cells were determined. This study indicates that rat adult bone marrow harbors pluripotent Na-BM-MSCs that seem to be unaffected by ageing during in vitro expansion. The Na-BM-MSCs express the pluripotency markers Oct4, Sox2, and Nanog. It was found that culture in high-glucose-containing medium had a negative effect on colony formation and differentiation. In contrast to classical MSC cultures, the generation of colonies by Na-BM-MSCs in suspension culture was not reduced in the older animals. The Na-BM-MSCs were found to express the pluripotency markers Oct4, Sox2, and Nanog, suggesting a more primitive stage of differentiation as compared with adherent MSCs. These data indicate that rat adult bone marrow harbors a population of pluripotent Na-BM-MSCs that appear to be relatively unaffected by ageing during in vitro expansion in suspension.     

Embryonic Stem Cell Marker Expression Pattern in Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from Bone Marrow, Adipose Tissue, Heart and Dermis

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been isolated from a variety of human tissues, e.g., bone marrow, adipose tissue, dermis, hair follicles, heart, liver, spleen, dental pulp. Due to their immunomodulatory and regenerative potential MSCs have shown promising results in preclinical and clinical studies for a variety of conditions, such as graft versus host disease (GvHD), Crohn’s disease, osteogenesis imperfecta, cartilage damage and myocardial infarction. MSC cultures are composed of heterogeneous cell populations. Complications in defining MSC arise from the fact that different laboratories have employed different tissue sources, extraction, and cultivation methods. Although cell-surface antigens of MSCs have been extensively explored, there is no conclusive evidence that unique stem cells markers are associated with these adult cells. Therefore the aim of this study was to examine expression of embryonic stem cell markers Oct4, Nanog, SOX2, alkaline phosphatase and SSEA-4 in adult mesenchymal stem cell populations derived from bone marrow, adipose tissue, dermis and heart. Furthermore, we tested whether human mesenchymal stem cells preserve tissue-specific differences under in vitro culture conditions. We found that bone marrow MSCs express embryonic stem cell markers Oct4, Nanog, alkaline phosphatase and SSEA-4, adipose tissue and dermis MSCs express Oct4, Nanog, SOX2, alkaline phosphatase and SSEA-4, whereas heart MSCs express Oct4, Nanog, SOX2 and SSEA-4. Our results also indicate that human adult mesenchymal stem cells preserve tissue-specific differences under in vitro culture conditions during early passages, as shown by distinct germ layer and embryonic stem cell marker expression patterns. Studies are now needed to determine the functional role of embryonic stem cell markers Oct4, Nanog and SOX2 in adult human MSCs.     

Laminin-511 but not -332, -111, or -411 enables mouse embryonic stem cell self-renewal in vitro

We tested specific laminin (LN) isoforms for their ability to serve as substrata for maintaining mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells pluripotent in vitro in the absence of leukemia inhibitory factor or any other differentiation inhibitors or feeder cells. Recombinant human LN-511 alone was sufficient to enable self-renewal of mouse ES cells for up to 169 days (31 passages). Cells cultured on LN-511 maintained expression of pluripotency markers, such as Oct4, Sox2, Tert, UTF1, and Nanog, during the entire period, and cells cultured for 95 days (17 passages) were used to generate chimeric mice. LN-332 enabled ES cells proliferation but not pluripotency. In contrast, under the same conditions LN-111, Matrigel, and gelatin caused rapid differentiation, whereas LN-411 and poly-d-lysine did not support survival. ES cells formed a thin monolayer on LN-511 that differed strikingly from typical dense cluster ES cell morphology. However, expression of pluripotency markers was not affected by morphological changes. The effect was achieved at low ES cell density (<200 cell/mm(2)). The ability of LN-511 and LN-332 to support ES cell proliferation correlated with increased cell contact area with those adhesive substrata. ES cells interacted with LN-511 via beta1-integrins, mostly alpha6beta1 and alphaVbeta1. This is the first demonstration that certain extracellular matrix molecules can support ES cell self-renewal in the absence of differentiation inhibitors and at low cell density. The results suggest that recombinant laminin isoforms can provide a basis for defined surface coating systems for feeder-free maintenance of undifferentiated mammalian ES cells in vitro. Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.