肝癌靶向性SEA-CD80基因共表达重组腺病毒载体的构建及表达鉴定

目的:构建肝癌靶向性葡萄球菌肠毒素A(SEA)和CD80基因共表达重组腺病毒载体。方法:首先利用现有的腺病毒穿梭质粒pShuttle和pShuttleCMV,构建新的不带CMV增强子/启动子而带有polyA加尾信号穿梭质粒,命名为pShuttle2。将AFP增强子、启动子、SEA及CD80基因分别从已构建的pKSEP载体和pMD18TBIS载体上,分别亚克隆至pShuttle2中,再与腺病毒骨架质粒pAdEasy1共转化E.coliBJ5183。以获得的重组子转染HEK293细胞后制备重组腺病毒,然后感染高表达AFP的肝癌细胞系Hepa16和不表达AFP的黑色素瘤细胞系B16、成纤维细胞系NIH3T3。采用间接免疫荧光法,激光共聚焦显微镜观察和流式细胞术检测SEA和CD80在细胞膜表面的表达。采用3H掺入法检测膜表达的SEA诱导淋巴细胞增殖的活性。结果:以制备的重组腺病毒感染肿瘤细胞后,SEA和CD80能够靶向性地共表达在高表达AFP的Hepa16细胞膜上,而在不表达AFP的B16、NIH3T3细胞膜上不表达。结论:成功地构建肝癌靶向性SEA和CD80基因共表达重组腺病毒载体,为进一步研究SEA和CD80在肝癌靶向基因治疗中的联合应用及其抗肿瘤免疫机制奠定了基础。     

逆转录病毒载体介导乙型肝炎病毒反义基因的转录表达

为了探索在真核细胞内转录表达乙型肝炎病毒（ＨＢＶ）反义核酸的方法，用基因重组技术将ＨＢＶ前Ｃ／Ｃ基因（ＰｒｅＣ／Ｃ）和前Ｓ／Ｓ基因（ＰｒｅＳ／Ｓ）片段反向插入逆转录病毒载体质粒，再将重组体分别转染ＰＡ３１７包装细胞，进而获得能够介导ＨＢＶ反义基因向小鼠ＮＩＨ３Ｔ３细胞转移表达的重组逆转录病毒。经分子杂交试验表明，含有ＨＢＶ反义基因的重组逆转录病毒序列已经整合到转染的ＰＡ３１７细胞染色体上；转导的ＮＩＨ３Ｔ３细胞内有ＨＢＶ反义ＲＮＡ转录表达。结论：逆转录病毒载体包装细胞系统能够介导ＨＢＶ反义基因在真核细胞中转录表达，因而有可能利用反义技术和基因转移方法进行抗－ＨＢＶ基因治疗     

Transient expression of B19 parvovirus gene products in COS-7 cells transfected with B19-SV40 hybrid vectors

Hybrid B19 parvovirus-SV40 origin vectors were transfected into COS-7 cells and replication of these plasmids studied. Plasmids that have a frameshift mutation within the nonstructural gene region replicated to high level (copy number approximately 10,000/transfected cell) although somewhat lower than pSVOd, the SV40 origin vector without B19 sequence (copy number approximately 100,000/transfected cell). However, hybrid B19 parvovirus-SV40 origin vectors that do not contain these frameshift mutations replicated to a much lower level (copy number approximately 1000/transfected cell). Although the hybrid vectors studied replicated at different efficiencies in COS-7 cells, they are transcribed at approximately the same level, resulting in RNA species that are indistinguishable from those seen in B19 virus-infected erythroid bone marrow cells. Western blot analysis demonstrated that the mRNAs are translated into polypeptides of the same size and, in the case of viral structural proteins, in same relative abundance as seen in a B19-infected clinical sample.     

Helper function for adenovirus replication in monkey cells by BK human papovavirus.

CV-1 monkey kidney cells are semipermissive for BK human papovavirus at 37°. Although infected cells synthesize T antigen at this temperature, only a small percentage of the cells (less than 5%) produce viral antigen. However, when infected cells were incubated at 40°, characteristic CPE was observed with high virus yields. The inhibition of BKV growth in CV-1 cells was thus shown to be a temperature-dependent phenomenon. Experiments were then conducted to determine whether BKV provided a helper function for adenovirus growth in CV-1 cells at temperatures which were either permissive (40°) or semipermissive (37°) for BKV replication. At 37°, there was a low level of adenovirus enhancement of 0.5 to 1.0 log increase. However, at 40°, there was a 1.5 to 2.5 log increase in adenovirus yields, comparable to those obtained by coinfection with SV40 and adenovirus. These data provide additional information on common viral functions shared by BKV and SV40.     

A recombinant E1-deleted porcine adenovirus-3 as an expression vector

Replication-defective E1-deleted porcine adenoviruses (PAVs) are attractive vectors for vaccination. As a prerequisite for generating PAV-3 vectors containing complete deletion of E1, we transfected VIDO R1 cells (fetal porcine retina cells transformed with E1 region of human adenovirus 5) with a construct containing PAV-3 E1B(large) coding sequences under the control of HCMV promoter. A cell line named VR1BL could be isolated that expressed E1B(large) of PAV-3 and also complemented PAV214 (E1A+E1B(small) deleted). The VR1BL cells could be efficiently transfected with DNA and allowed the rescue and propagation of recombinant PAV507 containing a triple stop codon inserted in the E1B(large) coding sequence. In addition, recombinant PAV227 containing complete deletion of E1 (E1A+E1B(small) + E1B(large)) could be successfully rescued using VR1BL cell line. Recombinant PAV227 replicated as efficiently as wild-type in VR1BL cells but not in VIDO R1 cells, suggesting that E1B(large) was essential for replication of PAV-3. Next, we constructed recombinant PAV219 by inserting green fluorescent (GFP) protein gene flanked by a promoter and a poly(A) in the E1 region of the PAV227 genome. We demonstrated that PAV219 was able to transduce and direct expression of GFP in some human cell lines.     

表达人B7-1的重组腺病毒的制备及初步鉴定

目的构建表达B7-1基因的重组腺病毒载体,制备相应的复制缺陷型重组腺病毒并检测其在喉癌细胞中的表达。方法构建携带人B7-1基因的重组穿梭载体pAdtrack-B7-1,PmeI线性化后与腺病毒载体pAdEasy-1共转化大肠杆菌BJ5183,通过同源重组得到重组腺病毒载体pAd-B7-1。将重组腺病毒载体转染HEK293包装细胞制备重组腺病毒,应用病毒悬液感染人喉癌细胞株,RT-PCR检测感染细胞中B7-1基因mRNA表达。结果酶切鉴定证实阳性pAdTrackB7-1重组穿梭载体含有目的基因B7-1,同源重组后制备的病毒载体DNA经酶切鉴定获得了阳性重组腺病毒载体,该载体能有效转染HEK293细胞并在细胞内成功包装,转染3d后可以观察到绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)表达并逐渐增多、增强。制备的Ad-B7在体外能有效感染Hep-2细胞,感染后可维持6d高水平的B7-1的表达,整体表达可持续两周。结论成功构建了同时表达B7-1的重组腺病毒载体并制备出重组腺病毒颗粒,该病毒能有效地感染喉癌细胞并表达高水平的B7-1基因,为进一步研究B7-1的功能及应用B7-1进行基因治疗奠定基础。     

Generation of a replication-deficient recombinant human adenovirus type 35 vector using bacteria-mediated homologous recombination

The use of adenovirus type 35 (Ad35) as a vector in vaccine and gene therapy studies is promising due to its broad cell tropism and low seroprevalence in humans. However, to date, a simple and effective system for producing recombinant Ad35 (rAd35) has not been well developed. This report describes a two-plasmid Ad35-Easy system to facilitate the production of recombinant Ad35 (rAd35). The system employed the pAd35-shuttle vector for foreign gene transfer and the pAd35-backbone vector to provide the Ad35 genomic backbone. A 293-Ad35E1B cell line was used to trans-complement rAd35 replication. rAd35 plasmids were obtained through homologous recombination following co-transformation of E. coli BJ5183 cells with recombinant pAd35-shuttle vectors harboring foreign genes. rAd35 viruses were obtained directly by transfecting 293-Ad35E1B cells with foreign gene-containing rAd35 plasmids and the pAd35-backbone vector. The production of E1 deficient rAd35 was evaluated by transfecting the 293-Ad35E1B cells with the rAd35 plasmid containing the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) gene. The virus grew effectively at a yield comparable to that of wild type Ad35 in HEp2 cells, indicating that the Ad35-Easy system is an efficient method for rapid production of rAd35 in sufficient quantities for vaccine development or gene therapy.     

TR基因重组腺病毒载体的构建和鉴定

目的 :构建含人硫氧还蛋白还原酶 (TR)基因的重组腺病毒载体 ,探讨TR的抗氧化功能与神经退行性疾病的相关性。方法 :从重组质粒pGEM TR上用内切酶切下编码 5 0 0个氨基酸的全长TRcDNA片段 ,并连接穿梭质粒pShuttle,再双酶切pShuttle TR。将带有CMV启动子的目的片段 ,插入E1、E3缺失的Adeno X病毒DNA中 ,以Adeno TRDNA通过脂质体转染HEK2 93细胞 ,获得重组腺病毒Adeno TR进行PCR鉴定及病毒滴度测定。用重组腺病毒感染CV1细胞 ,通过免疫荧光染色与Westernblot分别检测重组腺病毒感染的细胞上和裂解液中TR蛋白的表达。结果 :重组腺病毒Adeno TR的病毒滴度为 4 .4× 10 11pfu/L。PCR、荧光显微镜证实 ,以及Westernbolt分析 ,在相对分子质量 (Mr)约 5 5 0 0 0处均出现特异性条带。结论 :成功地构建了重组腺病毒载体 ,并能介导外源基因TR表达 ,为进一步研究TR的功能及其与疾病的相关性奠定了基础。     

表达HPCagA基因非复制型重组腺病毒的构建

目的：构建表达幽门螺杆菌CagA基因的非复制型重组腺病毒，从而为探讨表达HpCagA的重组腺病毒对哮喘TH1/TH2细胞因子的调控作用，获得防治哮喘的新方法奠定基础。 方法： 通过PCR扩增幽门螺杆菌CagA基因，克隆至腺病毒穿梭载体pAdTrack-CMV，该重组质粒与腺病毒DNA共转化E.coli BJ5183，通过细菌内同源重组获得重组腺病毒DNA，将其转染293细胞获得重组腺病毒。 结果和结论： 成功构建了幽门螺杆菌CagA的非复制型重组腺病毒。     

Matching complementing functions of transformed cells with stable expression of selected viral genes for production of E1-deleted adenovirus vectors

Production of E1-deleted adenovirus (rAd) vectors requires complementation by E1A and E1B functions provided by the production cell line. The two cell lines most commonly used for production of rAd vectors, 293 and Per.C6, were derived from human primary cells and contain contiguous E1A and E1B sequences from the Ad genome. As an alternative system, we tested complementation of rAd vectors using sequential transfection of individual E1A and E1B expression cassettes into A549 human lung tumor cells, which support highly efficient replication of wild type adenovirus. We found that E1A function could be complemented in A549 cells by the mutant E1Adl01/07, and that E1B function could be provided in such cells using only the 55K E1B gene. Production yields in the resulting producer cell line, designated SL0003, were similar to those obtained from 293 cells without generation of detectable recombinant replication competent adenovirus.     

共表达人B7—1和HGF／NK4基因的重组腺病毒的制备及初步鉴定

目的构建能同时表达B7—1和HGF／NK4基因的重组腺病毒载体，同时制备相应的复制缺陷型重组腺病毒，检测其在喉癌细胞中的表达。方法构建以串联方式携带人B7-1和HGF／NK4基因的重组穿梭载体pAdtrack-NK4-B7-1。Pme I线性化后与腺病毒载体pAdEasy-1共转化大肠杆菌BJ5183，通过同源重组得到重组腺病毒载体pAd—NK4-B7—1。将重组腺病毒载体转染HEK293包装细胞制备重组腺病毒，应用病毒悬液感染人喉癌细胞株。用RT-PCR检测感染细胞中B7-1和NK4基因mRNA表达。结果酶切鉴定证实阳性pAdTrack—NK4-B7—1重组穿梭载体含有目的基因B7-1和HGF／NK4，同源重组后制备的病毒载体DNA经酶切鉴定获得了阳性重组腺病毒载体，该载体能有效转染HEK293细胞并在细胞内成功包装，转染3d后可以观察到绿色荧光蛋白（GFP）表达并逐渐增多、增强。制备的Ad—NK4-B7在体外能有效感染Hep-2细胞，感染后可维持6d高水平的B7—1和NK4基因的表达，整体表达可持续2周。结论成功构建了同时表达B7．1和NK4基因的重组腺病毒载体并制备出重组腺病毒颗粒，该病毒能有效地感染喉癌细胞并表达高水平的NK4和B7-1基因，为进一步研究B7—1和NK4基因的功能及应用B7—1和NK4进行喉癌的联合基因治疗提供了依据和素材。     

Gene transfer by adenovirus-mimetic peptides in the presence of a cationic lipid and/or adenovirus. Analysis of the contribution of the viral and nonviral components

Summary.  Peptide and cationic lipid-based gene transfer vectors have shown promise for gene therapy but are still less efficient than viral gene transfer vectors. We have examined the mechanism of gene transfer of different adenovirus-mimetic peptides in the presence and absence of a cationic lipid, lipofectamine and/or adenovirus with the aim of improving the design of nonviral vectors for efficient gene transfer. Three polylysine-adenovirus-mimetic peptides were synthesised and examined for their efficacy for gene transfer. Transfection levels in four cell lines: adenovirus permissive human tracheal epithelial (56FHTE8o⁻), human lung carcinoma (A549), human colon carcinoma (Caco-2) cells, and adenovirus low-permissive Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, were examined. The polylysine-adenovirus-mimetic peptides increased the level of transfection of a reporter transgene in all cell lines. Transfection was substantially increased when an adenovirus was added to cells after pre-incubation with the vector complexes. Formulation of the peptide vector complexes with lipofectamine increased their transfection efficacy and the subsequent addition of an adenovirus increased transfection levels even further but only in permissive cells. Pre-incubation of cells with lipofectamine-peptide vector complexes increased cell binding of the adenovirus but uptake was only increased in intermediate- or non-permissive cells. The addition of lipofectamine increased transgene expression of a recombinant adenovirus in non-permissive cells but not in permissive cells. Enhancement with an adenovirus of peptide vector gene transfer is probably due to more efficient endosome escape while enhancement of gene transfer by peptide vectors complexed to lipofectamine is due to an increase in cellular binding and/or internalisation of the adenovirus. Received February 8, 2002; accepted August 23, 2002     

Comparative analysis of vector biodistribution, persistence and gene expression following intravenous delivery of bovine, porcine and human adenoviral vectors in a mouse model

Nonhuman adenoviruses including bovine adenovirus serotype 3 (BAd3) and porcine adenovirus serotype 3 (PAd3) can circumvent pre-existing immunity against human adenovirus serotype 5 (HAd5) and are being developed as alternative vectors for gene delivery. To assess the usefulness of these vectors for in vivo gene delivery, we compared biodistribution, persistence, state of vector genome, and transgene and vector gene expression by replication-defective BAd3 and PAd3 vectors with those of HAd5 vector in a FVB/n mouse model following intravenous inoculation. BAd3 vector efficiently transduced the heart, kidney and lung in addition to the liver and spleen and persisted for a longer duration compared to PAd3 or HAd5 vectors. Biodistribution of PAd3 vector was comparable to that of HAd5 vector but showed more rapid vector clearance. Only linear episomal forms of BAd3, PAd3, and HAd5 vector genomes were detected. All three vectors efficiently expressed the green fluorescent protein (GFP) transgene proportionate to the vector genome copy number in various tissues. Furthermore, leaky expression of vector genes, both the early (E4) and the late (hexon) was observed in all three vectors and gradually declined with time. These results suggest that BAd3 and PAd3 vectors could serve as an alternative or supplement to HAd5 for gene delivery applications.     

Local adenovirus-mediated CTLA4-immunoglobulin expression suppresses the immune responses to adenovirus vectors in the brain

The effect of local administration of two adenovirus vectors, one of which expressed CTLA4-immunoglobulin (AdCTLA), which blocks the B7-CD28 co-stimulatory pathway of T cell activation in the inflammatory response to adenovirus vectors was investigated. Mice injected with AdCTLA and an E1-deleted adenovirus vector that encodes the lacZ gene (AdRL) into the brain showed inflammatory cell infiltration from the early phase until day 6 after injection that was not different from that seen in control mice injected with an E1-deleted adenovirus vector containing no transgene (Ad0) and AdRL. After day 6 the inflammation in the control mice increased, peaked by day 15 and then decreased gradually but persisted until day 60. By contrast, in mice treated with AdCTLA and AdRL the inflammation, especially T cell infiltration, was suppressed after day 15. The anti-adenovirus antibody titer increased gradually until day 60 in the Ad0-AdRL control group, and whereas the mice injected with AdCTLA and AdRL showed lower anti-adenovirus antibody titers than the control group mice after day 15. Neutralizing antibody was not detected in either group. Expression of beta-galactosidase, the gene product of AdRL, at the injection site in the striatum and corpus callosum peaked on day 6 and remained until day 60 although it was very low in both groups; beta-galactosidase expression was similar in the two groups in spite of the difference in the degree and extent of the local immune response in the brain. This study demonstrated that the injection of an adenovirus vector expressing CTLA4-immunoglobulin into the brain suppressed not only local cell infiltration in the brain but also reduced the humoral immune response to adenovirus vectors.     

Local adenovirus-mediated CTLA4-immunoglobulin expression suppresses the immune responses to adenovirus vectors in the brain

The effect of local administration of two adenovirus vectors, one of which expressed CTLA4-immunoglobulin (AdCTLA), which blocks the B7-CD28 co-stimulatory pathway of T cell activation in the inflammatory response to adenovirus vectors was investigated. Mice injected with AdCTLA and an E1-deleted adenovirus vector that encodes the lacZ gene (AdRL) into the brain showed inflammatory cell infiltration from the early phase until day 6 after injection that was not different from that seen in control mice injected with an E1-deleted adenovirus vector containing no transgene (Ad0) and AdRL. After day 6 the inflammation in the control mice increased, peaked by day 15 and then decreased gradually but persisted until day 60. By contrast, in mice treated with AdCTLA and AdRL the inflammation, especially T cell infiltration, was suppressed after day 15. The anti-adenovirus antibody titer increased gradually until day 60 in the Ad0-AdRL control group, and whereas the mice injected with AdCTLA and AdRL showed lower anti-adenovirus antibody titers than the control group mice after day 15. Neutralizing antibody was not detected in either group. Expression of β-galactosidase, the gene product of AdRL, at the injection site in the striatum and corpus callosum peaked on day 6 and remained until day 60 although it was very low in both groups; β-galactosidase expression was similar in the two groups in spite of the difference in the degree and extent of the local immune response in the brain.This study demonstrated that the injection of an adenovirus vector expressing CTLA4-immunoglobulin into the brain suppressed not only local cell infiltration in the brain but also reduced the humoral immune response to adenovirus vectors.     

Complementation of a defective human adenovirus by an otherwise incompatible ovine adenovirus recombinant carrying a functional E1A gene

All known human adenoviruses are classified as mastadenoviruses, while the ovine adenovirus (OAdV) serotype 7 is the prototype of the atadenoviruses, a proposed new genus. OAdV replicates abortively in human cell types and has potential as a gene transfer vector. However, the function of OAdV nonstructural genes is poorly understood and it is unclear whether OAdV replication might be complemented by a replicating human AdV in coinfected cells. To investigate possible interactions three human cell lines were singly infected with OAdV or human AdV5 or doubly infected. The development of a cytopathic effect and genome replication was monitored over three passages in each cell type. No significant OAdV replication occurred in any of the cell types examined either in the presence or in the absence of replicating AdV5. No aberrant AdV5 genome products were detected in coinfected cells. In contrast, in coinfected cells an OAdV recombinant that expressed the AdV5 E1A gene was able to promote the replication of an AdV5 E1A-deficient mutant, demonstrating trans-complementation between appropriate viruses. These findings have implications for the biosafety of OAdV vectors and their possible utility for enhancing gene delivery.     

肝癌相关抗原HAb18G真核表达载体的构建及表达

目的 在真核细胞中高效表达肝癌相关抗原ＨＡｂ１８Ｇ。方法 构建含有肝癌相关抗原Ｈｂ１８Ｇ基因的真核表达载体,并经限制性酶切及部分序列分析证明插入是否正确。用阳离子脂质体介导转染ＣＯＳ－７细胞和ＣＨＯ细胞,并分别进行瞬时及稳定表达;通过间接免疫荧光染色和流式细胞仪检测蛋白的表达情况。结果 成功地构建了真核表达载体ｐｃＤＮＡ－３／ＨＡｂ１８Ｇ,并经限制性酶切及部分序列分析证明基因插入正确。间接免疫荧光