“性控胶囊”在奶牛生产上的应用效果分析

应用“性控胶囊”对121头奶牛进行冷配,冷配受胎率平均达到70％。（有记录的）产犊41头,其中母犊30头,公犊11头,母犊率为73．17％。对使用与未使用“性控胶囊”进行奶牛冷配的情期受胎率进行了统计,分别为56．76％和57．77％,差异不显著。对使用了“性控胶囊”的成年牛与青年牛的情期受胎率进行了统计,分别为40％、68．18％,差异极显著（P〈0．01）。因此使用“性控胶囊”可以显著提高母犊率,尤其在青年牛的应用效果好,可在奶牛生产中大量推广应用。     

提高黄牛冷配受胎率的体会

目前大力推广黄牛冷配工作,去势劣种公牛、淘汰土种牛、增加自繁自育母犊等,我们获得优良冻精和本地品种杂交改良后代。本文介绍了从事黄牛冷配工作中掌握的经验和体会。     

高寒牧区放牧母牛同期发情试验效果分析

新疆伊犁州草原牧区畜牧业仍然以草地放牧方式为主,由于高寒牧区交通不便,影响了冷配技术推广利用。为了使放牧母牛在转入夏牧场以前进行同期发情、集中配种,提高冷配率,开展了本次试验。试验结果:同期发情处理的98头母牛撤栓后72 h内发情94头,同期发情率达到了96%,冷配情期怀胎头数38头,情期怀胎率达到38.78%,总怀胎数72头,总怀胎率达到了73.47%,取得了预期效果。     

驴细管冻精与鲜精人工授精情期受胎率的比较

对140头母驴开展了驴细管冻精与鲜精人工授精试验。试验结果显示:第三、四情期的发情率要远远高于第一、二情期的发情率,第一情期受胎率为17.2%;第二情期受胎率为34.7%;第三情受胎率为39.4%;第四情期受胎率为23.2%。通过四个情期的比较得出:第一、四情期与第二、三情期情期受胎率差异显著(P0.05),冻/鲜精配种受胎率分别为28%/30%,差异不显著。     

营养与母牛的产后再繁殖

肉用母牛和乳用青年母牛的受胎率受产前或产后能量摄入水平的影响。尽管在产后摄取充足的能量,但怀孕后期的能量摄入不足仍会降低母牛的受胎率。当肉用母牛和乳用青年母牛产后的能量供应不足时,会出现受胎率的进一步下降。与能量供应充足的同群母牛相比(受胎率87％—95％),能量摄入受到限制的母牛的受胎率幅度为50％—     

影响母牛受胎率的因素

商品肉牛生产中最主要的目的就是尽可能经济地使每头母牛所生产的犊牛断奶重达到最大。影响每头母牛生产力的关键因素就是受胎率,这包括第一情期的受胎率和整个配种季节内其余时间的受胎率。母牛的生产力与两个因素紧密相关,即犊牛断奶重和哺乳犊牛到断奶的母牛的百分比。表１清楚地表明了这两个因素对牛群中每头母牛所生产的犊牛千克数的影响。由于受胎率影响到哺乳犊牛到断奶的母牛的百分比,因此,低的受胎率能使整个牛群的生产力水平大幅降低。表１　　牛群中每头母牛所产断奶犊牛的千克数与受胎率的关系哺乳犊牛到断奶的母牛百分比断…     

提高母马人工授精受胎率技术要点探讨

影响母马人工授精受胎率的因素很多。本文结合笔者多年从事马人工授精工作的经验和实践统计数据，综述了如何准确的判断成熟期卵泡、母马血配、输精次数、输精时间及卫生状况对受胎率的影响，提出了提高马人工授精受胎率的具体措施。     

不同品种与状态下158头奶牛人工授精受胎率研究

我区推广奶牛人工授精技术工作已有30年的经历,目前为止已经成功受精奶牛上百万头次,其受胎率逐年提高.本丈在2008年9月至2009年4月在巴里坤县兽医站收集人工受精158头的奶牛资料,对不同品种奶牛受胎率差异、初产奶牛和再产奶牛人工受精的受胎率、发情情况及奶牛人工受精的结果、不同体况奶牛人工受精受胎率结果等方面进行分析...     

影响本地杂交黄牛胚胎移植妊娠率的因素分析

本试验选用本地杂交黄牛作为受体,在同一饲养条件下,利用自然发情的方法,移植黑白花奶牛提供的胚胎,移植结果显示:胚胎发育日龄和受体发情日期同步移植,受胎率44.2%,8天受体移植7天桑葚胚,受胎率38.9%,7天受体移植8天囊胚,受胎率35.5%,三者比较差异不显著(P>0.05)。冻胚分别移植A、B、C级黄体的受体,其受胎率分别为40.4%、37.2%、33.3%,三者差异不显著(P>0.05);而鲜胚移植A、B、C级黄体,受胎率分别为48.6%,40.3%,25.8%,A、B级黄体移植受胎率差异不显著(P>0.05),A、C级黄体差异极显著(P<0.01),B、C级黄体差异显著(P<0.05)。不同胚胎质量比较:一、二、三级胚胎移植受胎率分别为50.5%、42.6、25.2%,三者比较,一级、二级胚胎受胎率差异不显著(P>0.05),但二级和三级差异显著(P<0.05),一级和三级差异极显著(P<0.01)。移植单胚和双胚的受胎率分别为25.2%,40.2%,二者差异显著(P<0.05)。     

不同输精方法对新疆褐牛受胎率的影响

奶牛情期受胎率是影响奶牛繁育率的重要因素之一。本文就新疆褐牛生产母牛的授精时间、授精部位及授精前是否触摸(检查)卵巢对情期受胎率的影响进行了实践探索,发现授精时间的掌握对奶牛情期受胎率影响最大,输精部位次之。     

改良宫颈缝合成形术在冷刀锥切术中应用临床研究

目的探讨改良宫颈缝合术应用于宫颈锥切术治疗宫颈上皮内瘤样病变(CIN)的临床疗效。方法选取自2015年1月至2016年5月在中国医科大学附属盛京医院诊断为CINⅢ行宫颈锥切术的患者89例为研究对象。将患者分为冷刀锥切组(n=48)、电刀锥切组(n=41)。冷刀锥切组使用冷刀宫颈锥切术,并使用改良宫颈缝合成形术止血;电刀锥切组使用电刀锥切术。比较两组患者手术时间、术前术后血红蛋白差值(代表术中出血量)、锥高、延迟出血发生率、宫颈粘连发生率、切缘阳性率。结果冷刀锥切组患者术前术后血红蛋白差值明显低于电刀锥切组,组间比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);椎体高度明显大于电刀锥切组,组间比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);切缘阳性发生率明显低于电刀锥切组,组间比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者的手术时间、延迟出血率、宫颈粘连发生率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论改良宫颈缝合成形术应用于宫颈锥切术不但具有传统冷刀锥切术的优势,包括无热效应、不影响切缘诊断、足够的椎体高度、切缘阳性率低等,而且具有不延长手术时间、术中出血少、降低延迟出血率等新的优点,值得临床推广应用。     

Reduced cerebral perfusion on sudden immersion in ice water: a possible cause of drowning

INTRODUCTION: Near-drowning incidents and drowning deaths after accidental immersion in open waters have been linked to cold shock response. It consists of inspiratory gasps, hyperventilation, tachycardia, and hypertension in the first 2-3 min of cold-water immersion. This study explored the immediate changes in cerebral blood flow velocity (Vmean) during cold-water immersion since cold shock induced hyperventilation may diminish Vmean and lead to syncope and drowning. METHODS: There were 13 male volunteers who were lowered into a 0 degrees C immersion tank for 30 s. Vmean in the middle cerebral artery (MCA) was measured together with ventilatory parameters and heart rate before, during, and after immersion. RESULTS: Within seconds after immersion in ice water, heart rate increased from 74 +/- 16 to 107 +/- 18 bpm (mean +/- SD; p < 0.05). Immersion was associated with a marked elevation in respiratory rate (from 16 +/- 3 to 38 +/- 14 breaths x min(-1)) and tidal volume (883 +/- 360 to 2292 +/- 689 ml). The end-tidal carbon dioxide tension decreased from 38 +/- 4 to 26 +/- 5 mmHg and MCA Vmean dropped by 43 +/- 8%. Signs of imminent syncope (drowsiness, blurred vision, loss of responsiveness) were shown by two subjects (MCA Vmean dropped 62% and 68%, respectively). DISCUSSION: Following ice-water immersion, hyperventilation induced a marked reduction in MCA Vmean to a level which has been associated with disorientation and loss of consciousness.     

内镜下钬激光与冷刀治疗男性尿道狭窄及闭锁的疗效比较

目的评价内镜下钬激光与冷刀内切开治疗男性尿道狭窄及闭锁的临床疗效。方法 38例尿道狭窄及闭锁患者行经尿道钬激光切除,25例行经尿道冷刀内切开,分析两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、术后最大尿流率、尿道狭窄复发率及再次手术率等指标,并比较临床疗效。结果随访1～3年,钬激光组手术时间长于冷刀内切开组,但术中出血量、尿道再次狭窄发生率及再次手术率均低于冷刀内切开组（P〈0.05）,术后最大尿流率高于冷刀切开组（P〈0.05）。结论钬激光治疗男性尿道狭窄疗效确切,比冷刀内切开更有优势。     

Time for loss of increased cardiac responsiveness to isoproterenol in cold-acclimated rats after removal from cold.

Female rats exposed to air at 5 +/- 1 degree C for 12 weeks had a greater increase in heart rate in response to s.c. administration of d,l-isoproterenol (8 microgram/kg body weight) than warm-acclimated controls when both were tested in air at 25 +/- 1 degree C. After removal from cold for 24, 48, or 72 h, cold-acclimated rats still showed a greater responsiveness of heart rate to s.c. administration of isoproterenol (8 microgram/kg body weight) when compared with warm-acclimated controls. However, by 96 h after removal from cold, the responsiveness of heart rate to isoproterenol in the cold-treated group no longer differed from that of the warm-acclimated group. Hence, the increased beta-adrenergic responsiveness of heart rate in cold-acclimated rats was lost at some time between 72 and 96 h after removal from cold.     

南方某部队官兵消化性溃疡复发与气象因素的关系分析

目的探讨部队消化性溃疡(PU)复发与气象因素的关系。方法分析南方战区军人近4年PU复发103例随访调研资料。结果军人PU复发率为23.5%,冬季复发率明显高于其他三季(P<0.01),2007年12月—2008年2月寒潮期间消化性溃疡复发明显高于历年同期。结论军人PU复发有明显季节性,与寒冷气候(寒潮)有关。     

Accumulation in the blood of a deuterium tracer added to hot and cold beverages

Deterium (²H) accumulation in the circulation was determined in 10 subjects after they ingested 7 ml · kg⁻¹ of a dilute glucose-electrolyte solution that contained 10 g of ²H₂O and was hot (50°C) on one occasion and cold (4°C) on another. In addition, 7 subjects repeated their first trial on a third occasion. Subjects fasted overnight and remained seated at rest during the experiment Blood ²H concentration was significantly greater at 5 min after ingestion of the hot as compared with the cold treatment and at 60 min for the cold as compared with the hot treatment The rate of blood ²H accumulation was not different when the same solution was ingested on different days. The results indicate that the rate of ²H accumulation is: 1) similar for hot and cold solutions and 2) reproducible when the same solution is ingested on different days. This implies that the rate at which dilute glucose-electrolyte solutions are made available to the body is not much influenced by the temperature at which they are ingested.     

夏牧场母牛的同期发情配种试验

在夏牧场黄牛改良人工授精中应用同期发情配种提高母牛的发情率。试验中分别在哈巴河县、阿勒泰市夏牧场对180多头母牛使用黄体酮集合孕马血清促性腺激素(PMSG)和促黄体素释放激素A2处理实验,取得了较佳效果,受胎率达到80%以上。试验证明该项技术可以在夏牧场推广使用,解决夏牧场放牧时间短、牛群流动性大且分散的实际问题。试验结果表明,第一次发情率试验组与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05),而受胎率试验组与对照组差异极显著(P<0.01);第二次发情率和受胎率,试验组明显高于对照组,差异极显著(P<0.01)。     

Cold water recovery reduces anaerobic performance

This study investigated the effects of cold water immersion on recovery from anaerobic cycling. Seventeen (13 male, 4 female) active subjects underwent a crossover, randomised design involving two testing sessions 2 - 6 d apart. Testing involved two 30-s maximal cycling efforts separated by a one-hour recovery period of 10-min cycling warm-down followed by either passive rest or 15-min cold water immersion (13 - 14 degrees C) with passive rest. Peak power, total work and postexercise blood lactate were significantly reduced following cold water immersion compared to the first exercise test and the control condition. These variables did not differ significantly between the control tests. Peak exercise heart rate was significantly lower after cold water immersion compared to the control. Time to peak power, rating of perceived exertion, and blood pH were not affected by cold water immersion compared to the control. Core temperature rose significantly (0.3 degrees C) during ice bath immersion but a similar increase also occurred in the control condition. Therefore, cold water immersion caused a significant decrease in sprint cycling performance with one-hour recovery between tests.     

Salivary IgA response to prolonged exercise in a cold environment in trained cyclists

PURPOSE: The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of a prolonged bout of exercise in freezing cold conditions on saliva immunoglobulin A (s-IgA) responses in endurance-trained males. METHODS: Using a randomized cross-over design, 15 trained male cyclists cycled for 2 h on a stationary ergometer at 70% VO(2max) in an environmental chamber on one occasion at a temperature of -6.4 +/- 0.1 degrees C (cold) and on another occasion at a temperature of 19.8 +/- 0.2 degrees C (control). Trials began at 12:30 h to avoid the fall in s-IgA concentration that occurs during the morning hours. Unstimulated whole-saliva samples were collected over a 2-min period at preexercise, postexercise, and 2-h postexercise. The s-IgA concentration was determined using a sandwich-type ELISA method. RESULTS: Saliva flow rate decreased postexercise by 31%, returning to preexercise levels by the 2-h postexercise collection (main effect of time: < 0.01). The decrease in saliva flow rate postexercise in the control trial (39% compared with 22% on cold trial) approached significance (interaction: = 0.08) and may have accounted for the corresponding increase in s-IgA concentration postexercise in the control trial (s-IgA concentration: control preexercise; 91 +/- 12; postexercise; 110 +/- 13 mg x L(-1); < 0.05). Saliva IgA secretion rate decreased postexercise by 19.5% returning to preexercise levels by 2-h postexercise measure (main effect of time: < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These data show that performing a bout of prolonged exercise results in a reduction in s-IgA secretion rate. Additionally, these data demonstrate that performing prolonged exercise in freezing cold conditions does not influence saliva flow rate or s-IgA secretion rate responses to prolonged exercise.     

用心率变异性谱分析法研究振动性白指患者自主神经系统对冷刺激的反应

目的研究振动性白指患者的自主神经系统对冷刺激的反应。方法２２名振动性白指患者（ＶＷＦ组）及１９名正常对照（对照组）进行了局部冷水刺激实验,记录受试者的心电信号,实验后将记录的心电信号通过处理转化为ＲＲ间期信号,然后对这些ＲＲ间期信号进行功率谱分析,计算标准化的ＬＦ（０．０２～０．１５Ｈｚ）功量（ＬＦ％）,标准化的ＨＦ（０．１５～０．４０Ｈｚ）功量（ＨＦ％）,以及ＬＦ／ＨＦ比率。结果冷暴露开始后,ＶＷＦ组及对照组的ＨＦ％与暴露前的水平相比都有显著下降,ＶＷＦ组的ＬＦ／ＨＦ比率与暴露前的水平相比有显著增大,而且冷暴露中ＶＷＦ组的ＬＦ／ＨＦ比率显著高于对照组的相应的ＬＦ／ＨＦ比率。结论冷刺激导致ＶＷＦ组和对照组的副交感神经活动减弱,但对照组还能保持交感与副交感的平衡,而ＶＷＦ组却不能保持两者平衡,交感神经活动明显占优,冷刺激中ＶＷＦ组ＬＦ／ＨＦ比率明显高于对照组的ＬＦ／ＨＦ比率说明振动性白指患者的交感神经系统对冷刺激可能存在过敏反应。