肝癌病人的氮－乙酰化酶多态性研究

代谢酶多态性决定着对致癌化学物的易感性和耐受性，是肿瘤发生的遗传先决影响因素之一。本文首报了肝癌病人中氮－乙酰化酶多态性研究。４６例肝癌病人中１９例为慢型（４１．３％）；而当地的代表人群，中学生１１４４人中２３２为慢型（２０．７％）；基因频率分别为：０．６４２７及０．４５０３，两者之间有显著差异。从中推算的乙酰化酶慢型者的肝癌的相对危险度为２．７７（１．５５－４．９６）。本调研为肝癌的病因学研究提供了新的线索。     

福建消化道肿瘤患者氮-乙■化酶多态性调查

为探讨Ｎ－乙酰化酶（ＮＡＴ）多态性与消化道肿瘤遗传易感性的关系,检测了７０例消化道肿瘤患者（胃癌３４例、大肠癌２８例、肝癌８例）和１０７例非肿瘤对照的Ｎ－乙酰化酶多态表型。结果显示７０例消化道肿瘤患者２７例为慢型（３８５７％）;１０７例对照２０例为慢型（１８６９％）,两者之间有显著差异。ＯＲ值为２６７（９５％ＣＩ１２８～５６１）,提示Ｎ－乙酰化酶表型慢型患消化道肿瘤的危险性增加１６７倍。本调研为深入探讨消化道肿瘤的病因学并加强预防提供了新的线索     

原发性支气管肺癌与氮—乙酰化酶多态现象的相关性研究

遗传因素是肿瘤发生的重要因素，氮－乙酰化转移酶是含氮药物和外源化学物质代谢过程中的重要酶系。本文报道了４０例肺癌病人氮－乙酰化转移酶多态现象研究。其中，７例为慢型，１１４４名参比学生中，２３２名为慢型，基因频率分别为０．４１８３和０．４５０３。两者之间无显著差异。     

启东肿瘤患者的氮一乙酰化转移酶多态型的遗传规律研究

测试了启东肿瘤病人、配偶及其子女的氮一乙酰化转移酶多态表型，计算了各组的基因频率，分析了慢型的优势比，慢型者的肝癌危险度６．８７倍为最著。配偶的氮一乙酰化转移酶多态型的分布如常。患者子女的慢型比例也较高，他们的基因频率（０．５６左右）与理论预期值相同。氮一乙酰化酶多态的遗传规律符合常染色体隐性遗传。     

启东肿瘤患者的氮—乙酰化转移酶多态型的遗传规律研究

测试了启东肿瘤病人、配偶及其子女的氮－乙酰化转移酶多态表型，计算了各组的基因频率，分析了慢型的优势比，慢型者的肝癌危险度６．８７倍为最著。配偶的氮－乙酰化转移酶多态型的分布如常。患者子女的慢型比例也较高，他们的基因频率（０．５６左右）与理论预期相同。氮－乙酰化酶多态的遗传规律符合常染色体隐性遗传。     

N-乙酰化转移酶2基因多态与喉癌遗传易感性的研究

目的 探讨N－乙酰化转移酶2（NAT2）基因多态与喉癌遗传易感性的 关系。方法 应用聚合酶链反应－限制性片段长度多态性分析（PCR－RFLP）方法,对62例喉癌患者进行研究,测定其NAT2基因型,按吸烟指数（SI）不同,分层分析患癌风险。并与56例非肿瘤患者进行对照。结果 喉癌组慢乙酰化型基因型频率为80．6％,对照组为60．7％,两者差异有显著性（χ^2=5.70,P=0.017)。高吸烟剂量组的NAT2慢乙酰化型个体,患喉癌风险明显高于低吸烟剂量组,在比值比（OR）分别为5．64和1．38,95％可信限（95％,CI）分别为1.77-17.92和0.42-4.52。结论 NAT2慢乙酰化型个体患喉癌风险增加,在喉癌发生过程中,NAT2慢乙酰化型个体患喉癌风险增加,在喉癌发生过程中,NAT2慢乙酰化型与吸烟有协同作用。     

福建消化道肿瘤患者氮-乙化酶多态性调查

 为探讨N-乙酰化酶(NAT)多态性与消化道肿瘤遗传易感性的关系,检测了70例消化道肿瘤患者(胃癌34例、大肠癌28例、肝癌8例)和107例非肿瘤对照的N-乙酰化酶多态表型。结果显示70例消化道肿瘤患者27例为慢型(38.57%);107例对照20例为慢型(18.69%),两者之间有显著差异。OR值为2.67(95%CI 1.28~5.61),提示N-乙酰化酶表型慢型患消化道肿瘤的危险性增加1.67倍。本调研为深入探讨消化道肿瘤的病因学并加强预防提供了新的线。     

胃癌手术和术后加化疗的综合治疗

目的为探讨胃癌的综合治疗和影响预后的因素，作者对２２４例胃癌进行回顾性分析。方法全部资料均来自我院１９８８年１月至１９９２年１２月收治的胃癌。并随机分为单纯手术组１１８例，和综合治疗组１０６例（即手术后加化疗组）。综合组给于术后全身化疗和腹腔化疗１～３年，观察有无复发和转移及生存率。结果２２４例胃癌中根治性手术１５２例，占６７８％。总的５年生存率综合组为４９％，手术组为２８８％（Ｐ＜００１）。其中根治性手术组５年生存率为５１３％（７８例）。非根治性手术组为２５％（１８例）（Ｐ＜００１）。结论以上结果表明：术后加辅助化疗即综合治疗，可提高病人的生存期，５年生存率综合组较单纯手术组可提高２０２％，尤其根治性手术后综合组较单纯手术组可提高２６３％，且可减少术后复发和转移的发生。     

E-钙粘附素的表达与胃癌临床病理特征的关系

目的：探讨 Ｅ钙粘附素（ Ｅ Ｃ Ｄ） 表达与胃癌生物学行为的关系。方法：采用免疫组化染色方法检测８０ 例胃癌组织 Ｅ Ｃ Ｄ 的表达情况。结果：正常胃粘膜呈 Ｅ Ｃ Ｄ 保留表达，８６３ ％ （６９／８０） 的胃癌 Ｅ Ｃ Ｄ 表达减弱或消失； Ｅ Ｃ Ｄ 表达减弱与胃癌浸润型生长及分化较差密切相关（ Ｐ＜ ００１） ，而与胃癌浸润深度、淋巴结转移、静脉、淋巴管润浸无关（ Ｐ＞ ００５） 。结论： Ｅ Ｃ Ｄ 的表达可能决定着胃癌的生长方式和分化程度，而与胃癌侵袭转移潜能无关。     

胃癌与胃溃疡病人血液及胃液中癌胚抗原（CEA）的定量研究

应用放免的方法对２１７例肠型胃癌，２５例胃溃疡病人分别于手术前，后测定胃液及血液中的ＣＥＡ含量。结果表明：（１）手术前，后胃液中的ＣＥＡ均高于血液中的ＣＥＡ含量（Ｐ＜０．０１）。（２）胃癌组手术前血液及胃液中ＣＥＡ含量分别高于胃溃疡组手术前血液及胃液中ＣＥＡ含量（Ｐ＜０．０１）。（３）在胃癌组中手术前血液ＣＥＡ阳性率为３３．３３％，而胃液ＣＥＡ阳性率为６３．６３％（Ｐ＜０．０１）。因此，对胃癌病人     

Evaluation of Insulin Like Growth Facror-1 Genetic Polymorphism with Gastric Cancer Susceptibility and Clinicopathological Features

Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignancies in the world. It is the first cause of cancerdeaths in both sexes In Iranian population. Circulating insulin-like growth factor-one (IGF-1) levels have beenassociated for gastric cancer. IGF-1 protein has central roles involved in the regulation of epithelial cell growth,proliferation, transformation, apoptosis and metastasis. Single nucleotide polymorphism in IGF-1 regulatoryelements may lead to alter in IGF-1expression level and GC susceptibility. The aim of this study was to investigatethe influence of IGF-1 gene polymorphism (rs5742612) on risk of GC and clinicopathological features for thefirst time in Iranian population. In total, 241 subjects including 100 patients with GC and 141 healthy controlswere recruited in our study. Genotypes were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragmentlength polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) assay with DNA from peripheral blood. The polymorphism was statisticallyanalyzed to investigate the relationship with the risk of GC and clinicopathological properties. Logistic regressionanalysis revealed that there was no significant association between rs5742612 and the risk of GC. In addition,no significant association between genotypes and clinicopathological features was observed (p value>0.05). Thefrequencies of the CC, CT, and TT genotypes were 97%, 3%, and 0%, respectively, among the cases, and 97.9%,2.1%, and 0%, respectively, among the controls. CC genotype was more frequent in cases and controls. Thefrequencies of C and T alleles were 98.9% and 1.1% in controls and 98.5% and 1.5% in patient respectively.Our results provide the first evidence that this variant is rare in Iranian population and it may not be a powerfulgenetic predisposing biomarker for prediction GC clinicopathological features in an Iranian population.     

Serological Immunoglobulin G antibody titers to Helicobacter pylori in Japanese Brazilian and Non-Japanese Brazilian gastric cancer patients and controls in S?o Paulo.

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is considered a cause of gastric cancer (GC), though evidence for this association is scarce in high-risk areas. Possible case control and/or ethnic differences were investigated as to the presence of H. pylori and its immunogloblin G antibody titer in the multi-ethnic city of S?o Paulo, where the incidence of GC is relatively high. We performed a cross-sectional comparison of antibody titers to H. pylori in Japanese Brazilian, and non-Japanese Brazilian GC patients and their controls. Japanese Brazilian patients were matched by age, sex and ethnicity with two controls, while non-Japanese Brazilian patients were matched as above with one control. Among Japanese Brazilians, 59 of 93 (63.4%) patients with GC and 127 of 186 (68.3%) controls were positive for H. pylori-specific antibody (odds ratio (OR) = 0.80, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.47 - 1.36), while among non-Japanese Brazilians, 171 of 228 patients with GC (75.7%) and 178 of 226 controls (78.8%) were positive (OR = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.54 - 1.30). The median serum antibody titer was lower in cases than in controls in both ethnic groups. A high titer (H. pylori titer > or = 50) was associated with less likelihood of GC for both ethnic groups (for Japanese Brazilians, OR = 0.39, 95% CI = 0.16 - 0.92; for non-Japanese Brazilians, OR = 0.56, 95% CI = 0.31 - 1.02). The high titer can be regarded as a sign of the necessity of eradication, and low titer is regarded as a sign of the necessity of close screening for GC in both ethnic groups, because extended atrophy may cause spontaneous disappearance of H. pylori from the stomach.     

Chemotherapy with gemcitabine-containing regimens for locally recurrent or metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma

BACKGROUND: Results from Phase II trials conducted in Asia have shown that gemcitabine alone (GEM) or with cisplatin (GC) is active among patients with metastatic or locally recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). METHODS: At the Princess Margaret Hospital (PMH), Toronto, 32 patients with NPC were treated with GEM (n = 18) or GC (n = 14) from January 2000 to October 2001. Patients either received 1000 mg/m(2) GEM on Days 1, 8, and 15 every 28 days as a single agent, or with cisplatin (CG) given on day 2 at 70 mg/m(2). RESULTS: Most patients (91%) were of Southeast Asian ancestry and 29 (91%) had Type 2 (World Health Organization 1991 classification) nonkeratinizing histology. Sixteen of the GEM (89%) and five (36%) of the GC patients had received chemotherapy before entering the study. Median follow-up was 32 weeks (range, 2-97 weeks) for both groups. In the GEM group, there were five (28%) partial responses (PR) and one (6%) complete response (CR), giving an overall response rate of 34% (95% confidence interval [CI], 13.59). In the GC group, there were two (14%) CRs and seven PRs (50%), giving an overall response of 64% (95% CI, 35-87). Hematologic toxicity was dose limiting but uncomplicated. Nonhematologic toxicity included one patient with reversible reactivation of hepatitis, one with Grade 3 cisplatin-related sensory neuropathy, and three with cardiovascular events that were possibly related to chemotherapy. The median duration of response for the GEM and GC patients was 17 and 24 weeks and the 1-year survival rate was 48% (95% CI, 18-78) and 69% (95% CI, 40-99), respectively. Median survival has not been reached. CONCLUSIONS: Our study confirms that GEM is an active and tolerable drug for patients with NPC.     

Concurrent expression of aryl hydrocarbon receptor and CYP1A1 but not CYP1A1 MspI polymorphism is correlated with gastric cancers raised in Dalian, China

The frequency of cancer-associated m2m2- (C-) genotype of CYP1A1 and the factors contributing to the increased CYP1A1 expression in gastric cancers (GCs) are largely unknown. To address theses issues, PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was performed to elucidate the MspI polymorphism in 60 GC cases and 57 normal donor samples. The frequencies of m1m1-, m1m2- and m2m2-genotype were 43.3, 45 and 11.7% among GC patients and 45.6, 49.1 and 5.3% among the normal donors respectively, demonstrating no significant difference of them between cancer and control groups (χ²=0.343, P=0.558). The correlation of Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) with the frequent CYP1A1 expression in stepwise gastrocarcinogenesis was determined by RT-PCR, immunohistochemical staining (IHC) and Western blotting, using GC samples as well as their pre-malignant and non-cancerous counterparts. RT-PCR revealed that the AhR detection rates were 100, 94.12 and 85.17% in GC, pre-malignant and non-cancerous mucosa (P>0.05) respectively but the level of AhR expression in GCs was much higher than that of non-cancerous tissues. IHC showed that the frequencies of AhR detection were 94.87% (37/39) in GCs, 94.12% (16/17) in pre-malignant lesions and 50% (3/6) in non-cancerous mucosa, revealing significant difference in frequencies of AhR detection and levels of AhR expression between GC or pre-malignant group and non-cancerous one (P<0.05). The frequency of AhR nucleus translocation was significantly high in GCs (94.87%; 37/39) than that in pre-malignant (70.59%; 12/17) and especially in non-cancerous group (16.67%; 1/6). Co-existence of AhR nuclear translocation and CYP1A1 expressions were found in 82.70% (43/52) of GCs (r_s=0.437, P<0.01). Our results suggest (1) that CYP1A1 MspI polymorphism may not contribute to the high gastric cancer risk in Dalian region and (2) that enhanced AhR expression and especially its nuclear translocation may be a favorable factor for GC formation presumably via up-regulating CYP1A1 expression.     

The Presence of Human Papillomavirus and Epstein-Barr Virus Infection in Gastric Cancer: A Systematic Study

Background and Aim: Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common infection-related malignancies worldwide. Human Papillomavirus (HPV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) are among the most important viruses affecting many people worldwide. The potential role of these viruses in gastric tissue may explain the possibility of GC, as seen in Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). This study aimed to systematically investigate the presence of HPV and EBV in GC. Methods: According to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, this study is a systematic review based on reported cases. The keywords HPV, EBV and GC, were searched in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, EMBASE and Google scholar databases from 2012 to 2022. Articles were selected and evaluated by five researchers independently. The odds ratio of HPV and EBV viruses in GC was estimated. Data analysis was performed by SPSS (Version 20) software. Results: Sixty studies with 14949 patients were included in the study after obtaining the inclusion criteria. The mean prevalence of HPV and EBV viruses in GC was 10.58% and 8.58%, respectively. The highest prevalence of HPV and EBV were 37.74% and 44.44% in Turkey and Iraq, respectively. The highest odds of HPV and EBV in GC were observed in Asia (17.54%) and Africa (19.02%), respectively. Conclusion: The findings indicate the presence of HPV and EBV in GC in the study areas. However, the present study’s results are insufficient for a more accurate conclusion. Therefore, further studies are necessary for the conclusion in this regard.     

VEGFA+936C/T and -634G/C polymorphisms and gastric cancer risk: a meta-analysis

Aim: To estimate the association of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) +936C/T and -634G/C polymorphisms and gastric cancer (GC) risk, a meta-analysis was performed. A total of nine studies were identified with 2,281 GC cases and 2,820 controls. This meta-analysis indicated significant associations between the VEGFA -634G/C polymorphism and GC risk were found for GC versus GG (OR 1.21, 95% CI 1.03-1.42) and GG+CC versus GC (OR 0.78, 95% CI 0.68-0.90) overall, for GC versus GG (OR 1.68, 95% CI 1.19-2.35) and GC+CC versus GG (OR 1.54, 95% CI 1.13-2.10) among Europeans, and for GG+CC versus GC (OR 0.82, 95% CI 0.70-0.96) among Asians. No association were observed between GC risk and the variant genotypes of VEGFA +936C/T in different genetic models. In summary, the results suggest that the VEGFA -634G/C polymorphism may contribute to GC susceptibility.     

A case-control study of gastric cancer and diet in Italy. III. Risk patterns by histologic type

In a case-control study of gastric cancer (GC) in high-risk and low-risk areas of Italy, 923 GCs were systematically categorized by one pathologist according to the Lauren classification distinguishing 2 main histologic types, intestinal (55%) and diffuse (23%). Intestinal types outnumbered diffuse types by a 3 to 1 margin in high-risk regions in the north-central part of the country, while both types occurred at nearly equal rates in low-risk areas. Intestinal types also occurred relatively more frequently at older ages and among males. Relative risks of each type of GC were evaluated in relation to dietary and other data obtained from interviews with the cancer patients and controls. The risk patterns for intestinal and diffuse types were remarkably similar. Increased risks of both types were associated with high intake of meat, salted/dried fish, seasoned cheeses and traditional soups, while decreased risks of both types were found among heavy consumers of fresh vegetables and fruits. Correspondingly similar patterns were seen with indices of nutrients, with risks of both intestinal and diffuse GC rising with animal protein intake and declining with consumption of vitamins C and E. Both types were inversely related to socio-economic status, and neither was associated with cigarette smoking. A familial history of GC was reported more frequently by patients with each type than by controls, although the highest risk was for unclassified GC, a group of poorly differentiated and medullary carcinomas accounting for 15% of all GCs in this study. The findings suggest that, despite differences in geographic and demographic patterns, the intestinal and diffuse types of GC have etiologic factors in common.     

Family history of cancer and risk of gastric cancer in Iran

Introduction: Gastric cancer is one of the major causes of cancer related death in the world. A number of risk factors are now known to be related to the development of the disease. Previous reports indicated that a family history is a serious risk, but there is a little information about this in Iran. The aim of this study was to explore the relation between family history of cancer in first and second degree relatives and the risk of GC in Iran. Methods: The present study was designed as unmatched case control study. Cases were 746 patients with histologically confirmed GC and the 746 controls were randomly selected among the healthy participants in a health survey. Family history was extracted from a standard history form completed by the patient or from records created by a health care provider. Mantel-Heanszel odds ratios were computed for removing the confounding effect of age and sex. Results: Overall, 9.7% of cases versus 5.6% of controls reported a family history of GC. Risk increased over twofold for this group. There was no significant association among family history of other cancers and GC (P>0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, this study showed that family history of GC, especially in first-degree relatives, increases the risk of development of the disease. Further studies are needed to better understand the roles of genetic and environmental factors and their interaction in gastric cancer development in the Iranian community.     

Ethnic differences in serum pepsinogen levels among Japanese and non-Japanese Brazilian gastric cancer patients and controls

A low level of serum pepsinogen I (Pg I) is a risk factor for gastric cancer (GC); low levels of Pg I and the pepsinogen ratio (Pg I:Pg II) are correlated with chronic atrophic gastritis. We report serum Pg levels and compare the degree of association with GC among Japanese and non-Japanese Brazilians. Sera were cross-sectionally ascertained from 93 Japanese Brazilian patients category matched by age and sex with 110 controls, and 228 non-Japanese Brazilian patients individually matched by age and sex with one control. Among non-Japanese Brazilians, GC was associated with a Pg I level <30 ng/ml (odds ratio [OR], 2.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.7-3.8) and a Pg I:Pg II ratio < 3.0 (OR, 3.4; 95% CI, 2.2-5.3). However, among Japanese Brazilians, the association was present with a level of Pg I < 30 ng/ml (OR, 3.5; 95% CI, 1.9-6.3), and was weak with a Pg I:Pg II ratio < 3.0 (OR, 1.3; 95% CI, 0.73-2.4). Serum Pg I may be preferred to the Pg I:Pg II ratio to study the association between Pg and GC among Japanese Brazilians.