HBeAg导致慢性乙型肝炎患者外周血Th1/Th2型细胞因子失衡

目的 探讨HBeAg对慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)患者外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)功能的调节作用. 方法 以重组的HBeAg体外刺激CHB患者和健康志愿者的PBMC,用流式细胞术和酶联免疫吸附试验法检测其刺激前后Th1/Th2型细胞因子的变化情况,并观察HBeAg对CHB患者PBMC表面细胞程序性死亡受体(PD)1及其配体(PD-L)1表达的影响.两组间资料比较采用独立样本t检验; PD-1/PD-L1表达水平与HBV DNA拷贝数的相关性采用Spearman相关分析.结果 HBeAg刺激后可使HBeAg阴性CHB患者和健康志愿者CD3+CD4+T淋巴细胞内干扰素(IFN)γ表达水平(0.17％±0.08％与0.17％±0.04％)明显低于未刺激组(0.30％±0.16％与0.32％±0.12％),t值分别为-2.382和-4.190,P值均＜0.01;培养上清液中白细胞介素(IL)-6、IL-10和肿瘤坏死因子α含量明显高于未刺激组(HBeAg阴性CHB患者的t值分别为2.504,3.583和4.324,健康志愿者t值分别为3.542,6.246和5.273,P值均＜0.01).HBeAg刺激PBMC后,HBeAg阴性CHB患者和健康志愿者CD14+细胞表面PD-L1表达水平分别为13.02％±4.98％和3.10％±2.47％,明显高于未刺激组的5.89％±1.56％和0.97％±0.83％,t值分别为4.815和3.454,P值均＜0.05.基础状态下在HBeAg阳性CHB患者外周血中,CD3+CD4+T淋巴细胞内IFNγ表达水平为0.23％±0.09％,明显低于HBeAg阴性CHB患者和健康志愿者的0.34％±0.15％和0.35％±0.09％(t=-3.177,P＜0.01 ; t=-4.541,P＜0.01);而IL-4表达水平为0.39％±0.16％,明显高于HBeAg阴性CHB患者和健康志愿者的0.26％±0.12％和0.23％±0.12％,t值分别为3.382和4.393,P值均＜0.01.基础状态下在HBeAg阳性CHB患者外周血中,CDB+T淋巴细胞表面PD-1和PD-L1表达水平明显高于HBeAg阴性CHB患者及健康志愿者(P值均＜ 0.01),CD14+T淋巴细胞表面PD-L1表达水平显著高于HBeAg阴性患者和健康志愿者,t值分别为5.092和5.473,P值均＜0.01 ; HBeAg阴性CHB患者外周血中CD3+T淋巴细胞表面PD-L1表达水平明显高于健康志愿者(t=3.214,P＜0.01).结论 HBeAg可以明显抑制Th1型细胞因子IFN γ的产生,促进Th2型细胞因子IL-6和IL-10分泌,上调外周血PBMC表面PD-1/PD-L1的表达,从而有利于形成对HBV感染的免疫耐受.因此,HBeAg可能是造成慢性HBV感染者体内免疫耐受的重要因素之一.     

慢性乙型肝炎病毒感染者外周血单个核细胞表达程序性死亡分子-1及其配体与血清乙型肝炎病毒DNA水平的相关性

目的 研究程序性死亡分子-1(PD-1)及其配体(PD-L1)表达水平与慢性HBV感染者HBV DNA水平的相关性及抗病毒治疗对其表达的影响.方法 检测137例慢性HBV感染者的外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)表面PD-1和PD-L1,并检测其中64例人类白细胞抗原(HLA)-A2阳性者HBV特异性CTL数量.ELlSA法检测PBMC体外培养上清液中IFN-γ浓度.比较10例HBeAg阳性慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)患者予替比夫定抗病毒治疗24周前后上述指标的变化.两组间均数比较采用两独立样本的t检验,多组间的差异采用单因素方差分析,相关分析采用Pearson相关分析.结果 HBV DNA＜3 lg、3～6 lg和＞6 lg拷贝/mL组问PBMC表面PD-1和PD-L1表达均明显高于健康对照组,但差异无统计学意义;3组HBV特异性CTL表面PD-1表达分别为(69.3±11.2)%、(76.5±9.1)%和(78.0±11.7)%,HBV DNA＞6 lg拷贝/mL 组PD-1表达明显高于＜3 lg拷贝/mL组,而HBV特异性CTL数量明显低于＜3 lg拷贝/mL组;3组PBMC体外培养上清液中IFN-γ水平差异无统计学意义.HBeAg阳性组和阴性组间上述指标差异无统计学意义.替比夫定抗病毒治疗12周和24周时,PD-1、PD-L1表达较治疗前明显下降,伴有HBV特异性CTL数量逐渐增加和IFN-γ水平升高.结论 慢性HBV感染者PBMC表面PD-1的表达较健康者明显上调,且HBV特异性CTL表面表达PD-1水平与血清HBV DNA水平相关,但与HBeAg状态无关.抑制HBV复制能降低PD-1、PD-L1表达,并增加HBV特异性CTL的数量和功能.

Abstract：

Objective To study the relationship between programmed death-1 (PD-1)/programmed death-1 ligand (PD-L1) expressions and serum hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA levels in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. Methods A total of 137 CHB patients and 10 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. The peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from fresh blood samples. HBV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) was expanded in vitro in 64 human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-A2 positive patients. Flow cytometry was used to detect HLA-A2 type,expressions of PD-1/PD-L1 on PBMCs and PD-1 on HBV specific CTL. Interferon gamma (IFN-γ)was measured by commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. PD-1/PD-L1expressions on PBMCs, HBV-specific CTL and IFN-γ level in PBMC culture medium were compared among patients with different baseline HBV DNA levels. Ten hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) positive patients were treated with telbivudine for 24 weeks. The above mentioned parameters were determined and compared before and after the antiviral treatment. Independent-samples t test were used to compare means between two groups and one-way A NOVA were used to compare means among multigroups. We used the pearson corretation test to assess corretation significance. Results The PD-1 and PD-L1 expressions on PBMCs in patients with baseline HBV DNA＜3 lg copy/mL, 3-6 lg copy/mL and ＞6 lg copy/mL were all significant higher than those in healthy control group, but no statistical differences were found. PD-1 expressions on HBV-specific CTL in the three CHB patient groups were (69.3±11.2)%, (76.5±9. 1)% and (78.0±11.7)%, respectively. However, PD-1 expression on HBV-specific CTL was higher, while the frequency of HBV-specific CTL cells was lower in HBV DNA ＞6 lg copy/mL group compared to HBV DNA＜3 lg copy/mL group. The above parameters, including expressions of PD-1 and PD-L1, the frequency of HBV-specific CTL and its PD-1 expression were not significantly different between HBeAg-positive group and HBeAg-negative group. Compared with baseline, PD-1 and PD-L1 expression decreased obviously accompanying with increase of HBV-specific CTL cells frequency and IFN-γ level after 12 weeks and 24 weeks of telbivudine treatment. Conclusions PD-1 expression on HBV-specific CTL correlates with serum HBV DNA level, but not HBeAg status in CHB patients. Suppression of HBV replication can reduce PD-1/PD-L1 expressions and partially restore HBV specific CTL function.     

恩替卡韦治疗后慢性乙型肝炎患者外周血T淋巴细胞表面程序性死亡受体1表达与HBeAg血清学转换的关系

目的 动态观察慢性乙型肝炎患者恩替卡韦抗病毒治疗后不同时期外周血T淋巴细胞(简称T细胞)表面程序性死亡受体1(PD-1)表达的变化,并探讨其与HBeAg血清学转换间的关系.方法 对20例HBeAg阳性慢性乙型肝炎患者予以恩替卡韦抗病毒治疗并随访51周,根据HBeAg是否发生血清学转换分为:HBeAg未转换组(14例),HBeAg转换组(6例).分别于治疗前(基线,T0)、治疗2～4周(T1)、治疗5～10周(T2)、治疗11～20周(T3)、治疗21～30周(T4)、治疗31～51周(T5)收集外周血,流式细胞术检测CD4+、CD8+T细胞表面PD-1的表达水平,实时荧光定量PCR检测血清HBV DNA载量,同时检测血清ALT水平.正态分布资料采用独立样本t检验,非正态分布者采用Mann-Whitney U检验比较组间差异,相关性分析采用Pearson相关分析.结果 治疗前两组患者血清HBV DNA载量分别为(7.54±0.67)log10拷贝/ml、(7.30±0.79)log10拷贝/ml(P＞0.05),ALT水平为(187.26±184.15)U/L、(272.17±215.07)U/L(P＞0.05),外周血CD4+T细胞表面PD-1表达水平为6.04%±3.71%6.77%±2.88%(P＞0.05),CD8+T细胞表面PD-1表达水平为6.39%±3.33%、8.88%±2.84%(P＞0.05).恩替卡韦抗病毒治疗后两组患者血清HBV DNA载量、ALT水平的下降与CD4+、CD8+T细胞表面PD-1表达的下调呈显著正相关(r=0.212,P=0.05;r=0.377,P＜0.01;r=0.279,P＜0.05;r=0.347,P＜0.01).在相同的随访时间段内,HBeAg转换组血清HBV DNA载量、ALT水平及外周血CD4+、CD8+T细胞表面PD-1表达的下降率均高于HBeAg未转换组,且两组间△ T0～T1、△T0～T2期HBV DNA的下降率及△T0～T2、△T0～T3期CD8+T细胞表面PD-1表达的下降率差异有统计学意义(分别为49.9%对比37.3%,56.7%对比47.4%,70.1%对比-4.2%,66.9%对比24.5%,P值均＜0.05).结论 HBeAg阳性慢性乙型肝炎患者经恩替卡韦抗病毒治疗后,外周血CD8+T细胞表面PD-1表达的快速下调与血清HBV DNA相似,可作为预测后期HBeAg血清学转换的指标之一.

Abstract：

Objective To observe longitudinally the expression of Programmed death 1 (PD-1) on peripheral blood T cells in chronic hepatitis B patients underwent antiviral treatment with entecavir (ETV)and to explore the relationship between PD-1 expression and HBeAg seroconversion.Methods Twenty HBeAg positive patients underwent antiviral treatment with ETV were followed up for 51 weels.14 patients remained HBeAg positive and 6 patients achieved HBeAg seroconversion.Peripheral blood was collected at six time points:T0:baseline,T1:2-4week;T2:5-10week;T3:11-20week;T4:21-30week:T5:31-51week.PD-1 expressions on T cells were assessed by flow cytometry.Serum HBV DNA loads were determined by real-time fluorescent quanttative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and serum ALT levels were examined at the same time.Results At baseline,serum HBV DNA load of patients without HBeAg seroconversion and with HBeAg seroconversion were (7.54 ± 0.67) log10 copies/ml and (7.30 ± 0.79) log10 copies/ml(P ＞ 0.05),the ALT levels were (187.26 ± 184.15) U/L and (272.17 ± 215.07) U/L (P ＞ 0.05),PD-1 exprissions on CD4+ T cells were 6.04% ± 3.71% and 6.77% ± 2.88% (P ＞ 0.05),PD-1 exprissions on CD8+ T cells were 6.39% ± 3.33% and 8.88% ± 2.84% (P ＞ 0.05).After ETV treatment,serum HBV DNA loads and ALT levels both decreased gradually,which was positively correlated with PD-1 expressions on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells (r = 0.212,P = 0.05;r = 0.377,P ＜ 0.01;r = 0.279,P ＜ 0.05;r = 0.347,P ＜ 0.01 ).During the same monitoring period,the HBV DNA loads,ALT levels and PD-1 expressions on T cells of the patients with HBeAg seroconversion decreased significantly as compared with the patients without HBeAg seroconversion.Besides,the decrease of HBV DNA loads during period △ T0-T1 and △ T0-T2 and PD-1 expressions on CD8+ T cells during period △ T0-T2 and △ T0-T3 were significantly different between these two kinds of patients (49.9% vs 37.3%,P ＜ 0.05;56.7% vs 47.4%,P ＜ 0.05;70.1% vs -4.2%,P ＜ 0.05;66.9% vs 24.5%,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The rapid decrease of PD-1 expression on peripheral CD8+ T cells after antiviral treatment with ETV is positvely correlated with the decrease of serum HBV DNA loads and may be used as a predictive index for HBeAg seroconversion in HBeAg positive patients.     

抗病毒治疗后慢性乙型肝炎患者外周血免疫细胞的改变与HBeAg血清学阴转的关系

目的 动态观察阿德福韦酯治疗HBeAg阳性慢性乙型肝炎患者外周血HBV特异性T淋巴细胞功能和非特异性免疫细胞的改变,探讨其与HBeAg血清学阴转的相关性；以进一步探讨抗病毒治疗的免疫机制. 方法 20例HBeAg阳性慢性乙型肝炎患者予以阿德福韦酯治疗48周,酶联免疫斑点试验检测分泌干扰素γ的HBV特异性CD4+T淋巴细胞频数,流式细胞术检测调节性T淋巴细胞(Treg)数量和自然杀伤细胞活化受体NKG2D的表达.根据资料不同采用t检验或Mann-Whitney U检验进行统计学分析. 结果 治疗48周时有6例(占30％)患者出现HBeAg的阴转,分为HBeAg阴转组(n=6)和HBeAg未阴转组(n=14).伴随病毒载量的下降,HBeAg阴转组治疗后HBcAg特异性CD4+T淋巴细胞分泌IFN γ和细胞增殖的能力均较治疗前增强,同时也较HBeAg未阴转组增强,48周时(外周血单核细胞中的斑点形成细胞数)的(661.25±281.97)×10-6对比0周时的(280.75±104.33)×10-6,P=0.045,差异有统计学意义;而HBeAg未阴转组治疗前后无改变.同时Treg数量逐渐下降,4周后趋于稳态；而NKG2D在治疗后12周开始持续上升,48周较基线值显著增加(P=0.000).Treg和NKG2D的表达趋势在HBeAg阴转组和未阴转组间差异无统计学意义. 结论 阿德福韦酯抗病毒治疗过程,伴随病毒负荷下降,部分患者HBV特异性T淋巴细胞功能呈一过性增强,与HBeAg阴转密切相关；进一步证实HBV特异性T淋巴细胞功能的恢复是清除病毒,促进HBeAg血清学转换的重要因素.     

乙型肝炎患者外周血CD4+ CD25+调节性T细胞表型与功能分析

目的 观察急、慢性乙型肝炎(AHB、CHB)患者外周血CD4+CD25 high调节性T细胞(Treg)的频率、表型和功能特点.方法 采集16例AHB急性发病期(发病后第1周)患者、72例CHB患者和32例健康人的外周血,检测Treg频率,并分析其表面CD45RO、CD45RA、HLA-DR、CD95和细胞内细胞毒T淋巴细胞相关抗原4(CTLA-4)的表达水平.应用实时荧光定量RT-PCR检测CD4+ CD25+、CD4+ CD25-、CD4+和CD4-等细胞亚群和外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)的FoxP3 mRNA表达量.通过MACS免疫磁珠分选Treg,并应用[3H]掺入法检测Treg抑制抗-CD3抗体和HBV抗原刺激的PBMC增殖能力,并观察Treg对HBV抗原或抗-CD3抗体刺激自体PBMC分泌IFNγ的影响.结果 CD4+CD25 high Treg高表达CD45RO、HLA-DR、CD95和细胞内CTLA-4,低表达CD45RA,并且较特异的高表达FoxP3 mRNA.乙型肝炎病人外周血Treg频率与健康对照(3.50±0.72)%比较无统计学差异,但CHB组(3.90±1.44)%显著高于AHB组(3.10±0.87)%,P＜0.05.Treg本身对于HBV抗原或抗-CD3抗体刺激没有明显的增殖反应和IFNγ分泌,但可抑制自体PBMC增殖和IFNγ分泌,其中对HBV抗原刺激引起的细胞反应抑制作用较强.结论 HBV感染者外周血Treg较特异地表达FoxP3分子,能抑制HBV抗原特异性细胞免疫反应,这对于深入阐明CHB发病机制具有重要意义.     

乙型肝炎患者外周血CD4+ CD25+调节性T细胞表型与功能分析

目的 观察急、慢性乙型肝炎(AHB、CHB)患者外周血CD4+CD25 high调节性T细胞(Treg)的频率、表型和功能特点.方法 采集16例AHB急性发病期(发病后第1周)患者、72例CHB患者和32例健康人的外周血,检测Treg频率,并分析其表面CD45RO、CD45RA、HLA-DR、CD95和细胞内细胞毒T淋巴细胞相关抗原4(CTLA-4)的表达水平.应用实时荧光定量RT-PCR检测CD4+ CD25+、CD4+ CD25-、CD4+和CD4-等细胞亚群和外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)的FoxP3 mRNA表达量.通过MACS免疫磁珠分选Treg,并应用[3H]掺入法检测Treg抑制抗-CD3抗体和HBV抗原刺激的PBMC增殖能力,并观察Treg对HBV抗原或抗-CD3抗体刺激自体PBMC分泌IFNγ的影响.结果 CD4+CD25 high Treg高表达CD45RO、HLA-DR、CD95和细胞内CTLA-4,低表达CD45RA,并且较特异的高表达FoxP3 mRNA.乙型肝炎病人外周血Treg频率与健康对照(3.50±0.72)%比较无统计学差异,但CHB组(3.90±1.44)%显著高于AHB组(3.10±0.87)%,P＜0.05.Treg本身对于HBV抗原或抗-CD3抗体刺激没有明显的增殖反应和IFNγ分泌,但可抑制自体PBMC增殖和IFNγ分泌,其中对HBV抗原刺激引起的细胞反应抑制作用较强.结论 HBV感染者外周血Treg较特异地表达FoxP3分子,能抑制HBV抗原特异性细胞免疫反应,这对于深入阐明CHB发病机制具有重要意义.     

芪灵合剂对慢性乙型肝炎患者T细胞表面程序性死亡1和程序性死亡配体1表达的影响

目的：观察中药芪灵合剂对慢性乙型肝炎（CHB）患者外周血CD4＋T淋巴细胞表面程序性死亡1（Programmed death-1,PD-1）及程序性死亡配体1（Programmed death-1 ligand1,PD-L1）表达水平的影响。方法：收集56例CHB患者随机分为芪灵合剂联合拉米夫定片（LAM）治疗组29例和单用LAM对照组27例,于抗病毒治疗的第0、24、48周用流式细胞术检测外周血CD4＋T淋巴细胞及其表面的PD-1/PD-L1的表达情况。结果：治疗48周后,治疗组患者HBV DNA转阴率、ALT复常率均高于对照组,与对照组比较,HBV DNA转阴率具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。治疗组患者外周血CD4＋T细胞表面PD-1 24周、48周表达水平与治疗前比较逐渐下降;48周时与本组治疗前比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。治疗组患者CD4＋T细胞PD-L1 48周后表达水平与治疗前比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：中药芪灵合剂联合LAM能够提高CHB患者HBV DNA转阴率,ALT复常率,其作用机制可能与抑制CD4＋T淋巴细胞表面PD-1/PD-L1的表达有关。     

肝组织cccDNA水平与血清病毒学应答后治疗时间的关系

目的 探讨慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)患者肝组织cccDNA水平与外周血HBV DNA<1000 拷贝/ml后继续治疗时间的关系.方法 分别采用荧光定量PCR、酶联免疫吸附分析法检测58例CHB患者肝组织HBV cccDNA水平、肝组织和血清HBV DNA载量、HBV标志物,分析肝组织HBV cccDNA水平、肝组织总HBV DNA水平、HBeAg血清学转换与血清病毒学应答后继续治疗时间的关系.组间比较采用Nemenyi法,相关分析采用Spearman法.结果 肝组织HBVcccDNA水平在血清HBV DNA两阳性组间尢明显差异,而阴性组明显低于阳性组(χ2=9.6948,P<0.01;χ2=9.2824,P<0.01).35例达到血清病毒学应答后行肝活组织检查的患者,肝组织cccDNA水平随继续治疗时间的延长而降低(χ2≥6.4674,P<0.05),肝组织cccDNA水平在抗-Hbe(+)组明显低于HBeAg(+)组、HBeAg(-)/抗-Hbe(-)组(χ2=10.7482,P<0.01;χ2=11.7549,P<0.01).14例肝组织cccDNA水平低十检测限的患者,有12例已经发生HBeAg血清学转换,占抗-Hbe(+)组的2/3,其在血清病毒学应答后继续治疗时间平均为35个月,发生HBeAg血清学转换后继续治疗时间平均为30个月.结论 当患者发生血清病毒学应答后,肝组织cccDNA水平随继续治疗时间延长而降低;继续治疗35个月以上且血清抗-Hbe持续(+)30个月以上时,有2/3的患者肝组织cccDNA定量低于检测限水平.     

HBV特异性抗原对HBV携带者T淋巴细胞免疫功能的影响

目的 通过分析不同类型HBV携带者外周血单个核细胞(PBMCs)的细胞免疫功能,分析HBV抗原对其的影响,探索HBV慢性感染的机制并寻求可能的免疫治疗方法.方法 用不同的抗原和(或)细胞因子刺激培养的无症状HBV携带者PBMCs,酶联免疫吸附法检测细胞培养上清液中不同细胞因子的水平;流式细胞术检测PBMCs的细胞表型.对数据进行t检验分析和相关性分析.结果 HBsAg刺激无症状HBV携带者PBMCs后产生的干扰素(IFN)γ为(48.3±19.8)Pg/ml,较健康对照人群低[(196.2±104.3)Pg/ml(t=3.023,P＜0.05)].HBsAg和HBcAg刺激HBeAg阳性患者PBMCs分泌的IFN y水平分别为(50.4±51.6)Pg/ml和(63.2±36.9)pg/ml,明显低于HBeAg阴性组[(86.2±42.3)Pg/ml和(101.4±32.5)pg/ml],t值分别为2.468和3.184,P值均＜0.05;HBeAg阳性患者组分泌白细胞介素(IL)-12 P70明显低于HBeAg阴性组(P＜0.05);补偿外源性IL-12可明显促进HBV携带者PBMCs分泌IFN γ(P＜0.01),IL-12协同HBV抗原可激活CD8+CD45RA+CCR7及CD8+CD45RA CD62L+细胞.结论 HBeAg阳性患者PBMCs分泌IL-12减少,这可能是HBV携带者持续感染的重要原因;外源性IL-12可促进HBV携带者PBMCs中的中枢记忆性T淋巴细胞的免疫功能.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the effect of HBV antigens and pathological mechanism of chronic HBV infection by analyzing the cellular immune function of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from HBsAg carriers. Methods PBMCs were prepared from individuals with chronic asymptomatic HBV infection and cultured in the presence of different antigens and/or cytokines. The levels of cytokines in culture supernatants were detected by ELISA method. The phenotype of the cells was detected by FACS.Results The levels of IFN γ secreted by PBMCs from HBsAg carriers were (48.3 ± 19.8) pg/ml, significantly lower than that from healthy controls (t = 3.023, P ＜ 0.05＝; The IFN γ produced by PBMCs from HBeAg positive patients due to HBsAg and HBcAg stimulation were (50.4±51.6) pg/ml and (63.2 ± 36.9)pg/ml, significantly lower than that of HBeAg negative patients (t = 2.468 and 3.184, P ＜ 0.05, respectively＝.The IL-12p70 secreted by PBMCs from HBeAg positive patients was also significantly lower than that of HBeAg negative patients (P ＜ 0.05＝; Exogenous IL-12 promoted significantly PBMCs to secrete IFN γ (P ＜0.01＝ and IL-12 combined with HBV antigens activated CD8+CD45RA+CCR7+ and CD8+CD45RA-CD62L+cells. Conclusion IL-12 secreted by PBMCs decreased in HBeAg positive patients, which may be the crucial reason of viral persistence in chronic HBV carriers. Exogenous IL-12 combined with specific HBV antigen could promote the central memory CD8+ T cells to produce IFN γ.     

抗病毒治疗慢性丙型肝炎患者T细胞表面程序性死亡1和程序性死亡配体1的表达

目的 观察慢性丙型肝炎(CHC)患者抗病毒治疗24周时外周血CD4+和CD8+T淋巴细胞(T细胞)表面表面程序性死亡1 (PD-1)和程序性死亡配体1(PD-L1)表达水平,分析其与抗病毒治疗临床转归的关系.方法 24例CHC患者,均采用聚乙二醇干扰素α-2a (Peg-IFN α-2a)每周皮下注射一次,联合利巴韦林800 ～ 1200 mg/d,治疗24 ～ 48周.采用流式细胞术和实时荧光定量检测患者治疗前、治疗4、12、24周外周血CD4+和CD8+T细胞表面PD-1、PD-L1表达水平和外周血HCV RNA,全自动生化分析仪检测ALT.采用SPSS16.0软件.两样本计量结果分析采用t检验,治疗前后的计量结果采用重复测量的单因素或两因素方差分析,所有检验为双侧检验. 结果 CHC患者治疗后4周HCV RNA阴性者19例,CD4+和CD8+T细胞表面PD-1的表达率在治疗前分别为18.6％±6.1％和16.6％±13.8％,治疗24周时分别为10.3％±7.7％和9.4％±4.6％,治疗前后比较,PD-1的表达明显下降,F值为12.406和4.955,P值为0.002和0.039,差异有统计学意义.CD8+T细胞表面PD-L1的表达率在治疗前为17.5％±13.7％,治疗4、12、24周时分别为25.9％±11.1％、29.6％±15.1％、32.0％±15.7％,治疗后明显升高,F值分别为9.063、8.365、9.736,P值均＜0.01.治疗4周时,HCV RNA阳性者5例,仅发现CD8+T细胞表面PD-L1的表达治疗24周(39.2％±15.6％)与治疗前(17.4％±16.7％)比较明显升高,F=10.292,P=0.033.持续病毒学应答者20例:CD4+T细胞表面PD-1的表达在治疗4、12、24周分别为14.4％±7.5％、14.0％±6.9％、10.7％±7.6％,治疗前为20.2％±7.5％,与治疗前比较明显下降,F值分别为6.133、5.541、14.780,P＜0.05或P＜0.01.CD8+T细胞表面PD-1的表达在治疗12、24周分别为10.2％±4.6％和10.1％±4.9％,治疗前为16.8％±13.4％,治疗前后比较,PD-1的表达在治疗后明显下降,F值为4.964和4.613,P值均＜0.05.CD8+T细胞表面PD-L1的表达在治疗12、24周分别为30.8％±16.6％和35.2％±16.5％,治疗前为19.0％±14.5％,治疗后明显升高,F=6.442,P=0.020和F=12.349,P=0.002.复发组4例,各治疗时间点PD-1和PD-L1与治疗前比较,差异无统计学意义.结论 快速有效的抗病毒治疗可以下调CHC患者外周血CD4+和CD8+T细胞表面PD-1的表达,上调CD8+T细胞表面PD-L1的表达.CHC患者外周血CD4+和CD8+T细胞表面PD-1和PD-L1表达水平的变化可能与患者抗病毒治疗临床转归存在关系.     

Programmed death-1 expression is associated with the disease status in hepatitis B virus infection

AIM： TO define the potential role of programmed death-i/programmed death-ligand （PD-1/PD-L） pathway in different hepatitis B virus （HBV） infection disease status; we examined the expression of PD-1 on antigen specific CD8＋T cells in peripheral blood of patients with chronic hepatitis B （CriB） and acute exacerbation of hepatitis B （AEHB） infection.
METHODS： The PD-1 level on CD8＋ T lymphocytes and the number of HBV specific CD8＋ T lymphocytes in patients and healthy controls （HCs） were analyzed by staining with pentameric peptide-human leukocyte antigen2 （HLA2） complexes combined with flow cytometry. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （PCR） was used to measure the serum HBV- DNA levels.
RESULTS： The level of PD-1 expression on total CD8＋ T cells in CHB patients （13.86% ± 3.38%） was significantly higher than that in AEHB patients （6.80%± 2.19%, P 〈 0.01） and healthy individuals （4.63% ± 1.23%, P 〈 0.01）. Compared to AEHB patients （0.81% ± 0.73%）, lower frequency of HBV-specific CD8＋ T cells was detected in chronic hepatitis B patients （0.37% ± 0.43%, P 〈 0.05）. There was an inverse correlation between the strength of HBV-specific CD8＋ T-cell response and the level of PD-1 expression. Besides, there was a significant positive correlation between HBV viral load and the percentage of PD-1 expression on CD8＋ T cells in CriB and AEHB subjects （R = 0.541, P 〈 0.01）. However, PD-1 expression was not associated with disease flare-ups as indicated by alanine aminotransferase （ALT） levels （R = 0.066, P 〉 0.05）.
CONCLUSION： Our results confirm previous reports that HBV specific CD8＋T-cell response in the peripheral blood is more intense in patients with AEHB than in chronic hepatitis B wlth persistent viral infection. Moreover, there is a negative correlation between the level of PD-1 and the intensity of virus specific CD8＋ T cell response.     

聚乙二醇干扰素α-2a对乙型肝炎病毒e抗原阳性慢性乙型肝炎患者记忆性CD8+T淋巴细胞CD127表达影响的动态研究

目的 观察聚乙二醇干扰索α-2a抗病毒治疗对HBeAg阳性慢性乙型肝炎患者记忆性CD8+T淋巴细胞CD127分子表达的影响.方法 30例HBeAg阳性慢性乙型肝炎患者接受聚乙二醇干扰素α-2a治疗,每周1次,共48周.根据CD45RA、CD27分子表达来判定记忆性CD8+T淋巴细胞,以流式细胞术检测CD127在CD8+T淋巴细胞上的表达.组间均数比较采用Mann-Whitney检验.结果 HBeAg阳性慢性乙型肝炎患者在CD45RA-CD27+记忆性CD8+T淋巴细胞上CD127的表达较健康对照组明显降低(Z=2.889,P＜0.05),其表达水平与血清HBV DNA水平和HBeAg呈负相关.聚乙二醇干扰素α-2a抗病毒治疗应答较佳者随着HBV DNA和HBeAg水平的下降,记忆性CD8+T淋巴细胞表面CD127分子的表达在治疗24、48和72周都明显增加,而应答欠佳者则无明显变化(Z24周=1.954,Z48周=2.789,Z72周=2.989;均P＜0.05).结论 慢性乙型肝炎患者通过有效的抗病毒治疗,CD8+T淋巴细胞表达CD127增加,CD127在记忆性CD8+T淋巴细胞上的表达水平可作为判定抗病毒治疗有效的重要标志.     

Viral infection parameters not nucleoside analogue itself correlates with host immunity in nucleoside analogue therapy for chronic hepatitis B

AIM: To determine the relationship between host immunity and the characteristics of viral infection or nucleoside analogues (NAs) themselves in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) receiving NA therapy.METHODS: Fifty-two hepatitis B envelope antigen (HBeAg) positive CHB patients were enrolled and divided equally into two groups. One group received telbivudine (LDT, 600 mg/d), and the other group received lamivudine (LAM, 100 mg/d). Clinical, virological and immunological parameters were assessed at the baseline and at 4, 12, 24, 36 and 48 wk.RESULTS: Both groups achieved significant hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication inhibition and alanine aminotransferase normalization at 48 wk. At the baseline, compared to healthy controls, CHB patients had a lower circulating CD8 T cell frequency (29.44% ± 11.55% vs 37.17% ± 7.30%, P = 0.03) and higher frequencies of programmed death 1 positive CD8 T cells (PD-1+ CD8 T) (16.48% ± 10.82% vs 7.02% ± 3.62%, P = 0.0001) and CD4+ CD25+ FoxP3+ T regulatory cells (Tregs) (23.64% ± 9.38% vs 13.60% ± 6.06%, P = 0.001). On therapy, at the beginning 24 wk with the levels of hepatitis B virus deoxyribonucleic acid (HBV DNA) and HBeAg declining, the frequencies of PD-1+ CD8 T cells and Treg cells gradually and significantly declined at 12 and 24 wk in both therapy groups. At treatment week 4, patients treated with LDT had a lower frequency of PD-1+ CD8 T cells compared to patients treated with LAM (10.08% ± 6.83% vs 20.51% ± 20.96%, P = 0.02). The frequency of PD-1+ CD8 T cells in all of the CHB patients was significantly correlated with both the HBV DNA level (r = 0.45, P = 0.01) and HBeAg level (r = 0.47, P = 0.01) at treatment week 24, but the frequency of Treg cells was only significantly correlated with the HBeAg level (r = 0.44,P = 0.02). Furthermore, the ability of CD8 T cells to secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines was partially restored after 24 wk of therapy.CONCLUSION: NA-mediated HBV suppression could down-regulate the production of negative regulators of host immunity during the first 24 wk of therapy and could partially restore the ability of CD8 T cells to secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines. This immune modulating response may be correlated with the levels of both HBV DNA and HBeAg.     

替比夫定与恩替卡韦治疗e抗原阳性慢性乙型肝炎的近期疗效比较

目的 观察替比夫定与恩替卡韦治疗HBeAg阳性慢性乙型肝炎患者近期疗效及安全性. 方法 80例患者随机分为替比夫定治疗组和恩替卡韦治疗组,分别在治疗前,治疗第12周和24周检测患者血清HBV DNA水平、ALT复常率、HBeAg阴转率和HBeAg/抗-HBe转换率,并比较不同基线血清HBV DNA水平患者治疗12周和24周时的血清HBV DNA下降值,HBV DNA低于检测值率,HBV DNA＜104拷贝/ml患者的比例.观察治疗过程中药物使用的安全性.结果 替比夫定和恩替卡韦组患者的基础人口学、临床和病毒学特征均具有可比性.治疗12周时,替比夫定组和恩替卡韦组患者HBV DNA低于检测值率均为50.0%,ALT复常率分别为52.5%和60.0%(P＞0.05),HBeAg阴转率分别为30.0%和5.0%(P＜0.01),HBeAg血清学转换率分别为20.0%和5.0%(P＜0.05);在治疗24周时,两组HBV DNA低于检测值率分别为80%和70%,(P＞0.05),ALT复常率分别为77.5%和75.0%(P＞0.05),HBeAg阴转率分别为45.0%和32.5%(P＞0.05),HBeAg血清学转换率分别为27.5%和17.5%(P＞0.05),两组均未发现明显不良反应.结论 替比夫定与恩替卡韦治疗HBeAg阳性的慢性乙型肝炎的近期HBV DNA水平低于检测值率,ALT复常率无明显差异;12周时替比夫定HBeAg血清学转换率高于思替卡韦组,但24周时两组间差异无统计学意义.     

慢性乙型肝炎患者抗病毒治疗早期T细胞表面PD-1的表达

背景：慢性乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）感染者T细胞表面程序性死亡受体1（PD-1）呈持续性高表达。然而关于抗病毒治疗前后慢性乙型肝炎（CHB）患者T细胞表面PD-1表达变化及其与病毒载量关系的报道较少。目的：动态观察CHB患者抗病毒治疗早期外周血CD4＋和CD8＋T细胞表面PD-1表达水平,探讨其表达与血清HBV DNA载量和丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）水平之间的关系。方法：以流式细胞术分别检测31例CHB患者抗病毒治疗前或基线期（T1）、治疗后4～8周（他）和12．16周（T3）的外周血CD4^＋和CD8^＋T细胞表面PD-1表达水平,以实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应（PCR）检测血清HBV DNA载量,同时检测血清ALT水平。结果：抗病毒治疗早期,CHB患者外周血CD4^＋和CD8^＋T细胞表面PD．1表达水平逐渐下调（P〈0．05）,血清HBV DNA载量和ALT水平亦逐步降低（P〈0．01）;CD4^＋和CD8^＋T细胞表面PD-1表达与HBV DNA载量（P〈0．01）和ALT水平（P〈0．05）均呈正相关。结论：有效的抗病毒治疗可通过降低CHB患者的病毒载量使T细胞表面PD-1表达下调,T细胞表面PD-1表达水平与患者疾病状态密切相关。     

急性乙型肝炎患者程序性细胞死亡受体1表达与记忆性T淋巴细胞形成的关系

目的 观察急性自限性乙型肝炎发病过程中患者体内病毒抗原特异性细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(CTL)上程序性细胞死亡受体1(PD-1)表达的动态变化特点及其与记忆性抗原特异性CD8+T淋巴细胞形成的关系. 方法 针对不同表位合成4种五聚体,长期随访收集11例人类白细胞抗原(HLA)-A2阳性的急性乙型肝炎患者的外周血,流式细胞仪检测病毒特异性CTL上免疫抑制性分子PD-1、记忆性分子(CCR7、CD45RA、CD127)和活化标志物CD38的表达情况,并分析其相关性.同时进行肝功能,HBsAg、抗-HBs和血清HBV DNA载量检测.结果所有急性自限性乙型肝炎患者发病早期均表现出高频度、病毒抗原多表位的特异性CTL反应,而晚期各表位CTL频率均明显下降.CTL上PD-1表达在早期明显上调;与早期比较,晚期PD-1分子的表达明显降低(t=4.314,P＜0.01).同时CTL高表达记忆性分子CCR7,CD45RA和CD127,而低表达活化标志物CD38.提示病毒清除后记忆性CD8+T淋巴细胞形成. 结论 在急性自限性乙型肝炎发病过程中,HBV特异性CTL上PD-1分子表达的动态变化与记忆性T淋巴细胞的形成密切相关.     

乙型肝炎肝硬化患者外周血T细胞PD-1和PD-L1表达水平及意义

目的探讨乙型肝炎肝硬化患者外周血T淋巴细胞程序性死亡分子-1(PD-1)及其主要配体PD-L1的表达情况。方法在50例乙型肝炎肝硬化患者和25例健康体检者,使用流式细胞仪检测外周血T细胞PD-1和PD-L1表达;采用荧光定量核酸扩增及测序法检测血清HBV DNA载量。结果对照组和肝硬化组外周血T细胞PD-1阳性表达率分别为11.93±1.23%和33.13±3.38%(P<0.05),PD-L1阳性表达率分别为10.59±1.88%和32.47±2.18%(P<0.05);Child-Pugh A级(30.58±2.99%和32.19±1.44%)、B级(34.61±1.43%和33.46±2.58%)和C级(34.2±2.31%和31.76±2.33%)患者外周血T细胞PD-1和PD-L1表达率无显著性相差(P>0.05);在肝硬化患者,T细胞表面PD-l和PD-Ll表达水平与血清HBV DNA载量呈明显正相关(r2=0.8326和:r2=0.643,P<0.05)。结论肝硬化患者外周血T细胞PD-1和PD-L1表达水平明显上调,且与血清HBV DNA载量呈明显正相关,提示T细胞高表达的PD-1可能通过与其配体PD-L1作用而抑制T细胞免疫应答,并导致病毒感染持续。