nm23-H1 protein immunoreactivity in intraepithelial neoplasia and invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix

Differences In the Immunohlstochemlcal expression of the 17 kDa protein encoded by the human nm23-H1 gene were studied In premallgnant lesions and Invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) (N = 8) of the cervix using routine streptavldln-blotln Immunohistochemlstry and a polyclonal antibody to the nm23-H1 protein. The premalignant lesions were kollocytic atypla due to wart virus Infection (N = 5), low-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) (N = 7) and high-grade CIN (N = 7). The carcinomas were either moderately (N = 3) or poorly differentiated (N = 5). The non-neoplastlc controls were normal squamous epithelium from cases with uterine prolapse (N = 7) and normal squamous epithelium not affected by the Infective or neoplastic areas of some of the cases with wart virus Infection (N = 2) and carcinoma (N = 2). Moderate to strong cytoplasmic and, occasionally, nuclear Immunostainlng for the nm23-H1 protein was seen in all cells above the basal layer of the normal squamous epithelium. However, most of the cervical SCC show a relative reduction in nm23-H1 immunoreactivity (7/8 cases; 88%). This difference In nm23-H1 expression was statistically significant (P = 0.0006; Chi-squared test with continuity correction). All of the cases with wart virus Infection (N = 5; 100%) displayed moderately strong nm23-H1 immunostaining throughout the squamous epithelium except for the basal layer where no staining was observed. The cases that had low-grade squamous dysplasia of the cervix (CIN Ml) (N = 7; 100%) also displayed moderate to strong nm23-H1 Immunoreactivity In the epithelium except for the basal layer (CIN I) or the lower two-thirds of the epithelium (CIN II). nm23-H1 Immunoreactivity was either absent or was significantly reduced in all of the high-grade CIN (CIN III) cases (At = 7; 100%) in which only the non-dysplastJc superficial third of the squamous epithelium displayed nm23-H1 immunolabeling. The difference in nm23-H1 expression between low-grade and high-grade CIN cases was statistically significant (P = 0.0013; Chi-squared test with continuity correction). Similarly, the difference between low-grade CIN and SCC cases in the expression of nm23-H1 was also significant (P = 0.0041; Chi-squared test with continuity correction). However, no statistically significant difference in nm23-H1 immunoreactivity was found between cases of high-grade CIN and SCC. In conclusion, nm23-H1 protein immunoreactivity is reduced in high-grade CIN and cervical SCC but not in low-grade CIN. These findings suggest that reduced expression of the protein may be Important early in the sequential development of cervical squamous neoplasia.     

Squamous cell lung carcinomas: the role of nm23-H1 gene

 This analysis of 32 pairs of human squamous cell lung carcinomas and normal matched control DNA demonstrates that loss of heterozygosity (LOH) is infrequent at the nm23-H1 locus, affecting only 2 of the 18 informative cases. Both LOH cases were in the tumor stage IIIA. One tumor was of poor and the other of moderate histological grade. These and an additional 34 tumor samples were also analyzed immunohistochemically for the presence of nm23-H1 protein. Of the 66 cases tested for the presence of nm23-H1 protein 54 were negative. Eight samples exhibited up to 35% positive cells (with weak immunostaining intensity) and four between 35% and 70% (moderate immunostaining intensity); no sample showed more than 70% positive cells. Noncancerous lung parts contained no nm23-H1 protein. nm23-H1 expression was independent of TNM stage, grade, tumor size, and patient’s survival. Two samples with LOH were negative for nm23-H1 protein. We therefore conclude that neither loss of heterozygosity of the nm23-H1 gene nor the intensity of specific protein expression are related to squamous cell lung carcinoma development and progression. Received: 27 January 1997 / Accepted: 9 May 1997     

nm23-H1基因对人肺腺癌A549细胞增殖和侵袭的抑制作用

目的:研究转染nm23-H1基因对体外培养A549细胞增殖和侵袭的抑制作用及其机理。方法:构建nm23-H1基因的真核表达载体,转染到体外培养的人肺腺癌细胞A549中,通过G418筛选出稳定表达克隆,RT-PCR及免疫组化检测nm23-H1在细胞内的表达情况。绘制细胞生长曲线检测nm23-H1基因对细胞生长的影响,流式细胞仪检测细胞周期,原子力显微镜观察细胞膜表面伪足的超微结构。结果:转染后的肿瘤细胞能稳定表达nm23-H1基因,抑制了肿瘤细胞的增殖。nm23-H1基因没有诱导细胞凋亡但使G1期细胞增加而S期细胞减少,停滞于G0期。转染nm23-H1基因后细胞边缘的伪足减少。结论:nm23-H1基因能抑制体外培养的A549肿瘤细胞的增殖,可能通过改变细胞表面结构减弱细胞的侵袭能力。     

环孢素A对人滋养细胞nm23-H1表达的调控作用

目的:探讨环孢素A（CsA）对人滋养细胞系Bewo的23号非转移性基因（nometastatic gene23）H1型即nm23-H1表达的调控作用，为治疗滋养细胞疾病提供新的依据。方法:将Bewo细胞分为对照组（加溶媒）、环孢素组加入终浓度由10-2 μmol/L-10 μmol/L环孢素A。分别于48 h后用RT-PCR检测nm23-H1基因mRNA表达水平，于72 h后用In cell Western分析nm23-H1蛋白表达水平。结果:与对照组相比，nm23-H1的表达水平随环孢素A浓度10-2 μmol/L-1 μmol/L呈现降低趋势，其中1.0 μmol/L环孢素A nm23-H1 mRNA和蛋白水平均明显降低（P＜0.05， P＜0.01）；当浓度升高至10 μmol/L时，nm23-H1则呈升高趋势。结论:低浓度环孢素A可通过降调节nm23-H1的表达，继而改善滋养细胞的侵袭力。     

Coexistence of MACC1 and NM23‐H1 dysregulation and tumor budding promise early prognostic evidence for recurrence risk of early‐stage colon cancer

The tumor‐node‐metastasis (TNM) classification, the presence of a mucinous component, and signet ring cells are well‐known criteria for identifying patients at a high risk for recurrence and determining the therapeutic approach for early‐stage colon cancer (eCC). Nevertheless, recurrence can unexpectedly occur in some eCC cases after surgical resection. The aims of the present study were to evaluate the relation of dysregulated MACC1, c‐MET, and NM23‐H1 expression with the histopathological features of tumors in recurrence formation in eCC cases. A total of 100 sporadic eCC patients without poor prognosis factors were evaluated in this study. The relationship between the altered expression of MACC1, c‐MET, and NM23‐H1 and pathological microenvironmental features, including the presence of tumor budding and desmoplasia, were assessed. The primary outcomes, including 5‐year overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS), were also measured. Compared with nonrecurrent patients, the expression level of MACC1 was 8.27‐fold higher, and NM23‐H1 was 11.36‐fold lower in patients with recurrence during the 5‐year follow‐up (p = 0.0345 and p = 0.0301, respectively). In addition, the coexistence of high MACC1 and low NM23‐H1 expression and tumor budding was associated with short OS (p < 0.001). We suggest that the combination of reduced NM23‐H1, induced MACC1, and the presence of tumor budding are promising biomarkers for the prediction of recurrence and may aid the stratification of patients with stage II colon cancer for adjuvant chemotherapy.     

nm23-H1基因在人肺癌细胞L9981恶性表型逆转中的作用

nm23-H1基因是肿瘤转移抑制基因,转染野生型的nm23-H1基因可以逆转肺癌的恶性表型,我们拟建立转染野生型nm23-H1基因的人大细胞肺癌细胞株L9981-nm23-H1,并初步探讨nm23-H1基因在逆转L9981细胞株恶性表型中的作用。应用基因克隆技术构建质粒载体pLXSN-nm23-H1-EGFP,并建立L9981-nm23-H1细胞株。同时应用Westernblot检测L9981-nm23-H1细胞中nm23-H1蛋白表达。细胞培养及改良的Boyden小室法分别检测L9981-nm23-H1细胞株的体外生物学行为,动物实验检测L9981-nm23-H1细胞株在裸鼠体内的成瘤性及肺部转移能力。结果成功构建了逆转录病毒载体pLXSN-nm23-H1-EGFP;并建立了人大细胞肺癌细胞株L9981-nm23-H1;nm23-H1基因在细胞株L9981-nm23-H1中稳定、高效表达;L9981-nm23-H1细胞体外增殖能力,克隆形成力,体外侵袭力显著降(P<0.01);L9981-nm23-H1裸鼠体内的成瘤性及肺部转移能力显著低于L9981和L9981-pLXSN(P<0.01);nm23-H1基因的抑瘤率82.56%。本研究资料提示转染野生型nm23-H1基因可以逆转人大细胞肺癌细胞株L9981的恶性表型。     

肝细胞癌nm23－H1蛋白表达的研究

应用免疫组化检测８８例肝细胞癌（ＨＣＣ）中ｎｍ２３－Ｈ１蛋白的表达。癌旁肝组织强阳性表达，５１例肝癌组织阳性表达（５８％）。阳性产物主要定位于肿瘤细胞胞浆。ｎｍ２３－Ｈ１蛋白表达与ＨＣＣ肿瘤体积，组织分型及Ｅｄｍｏｎｄｓｏｎ分级无关，而与肝内或肝外转移显著负相关。结果表明ｎｍ２３－Ｈ１在抑制ＨＣＣ肝内或肝外转移中起着重要作用，有可能成为评价ＨＣＣ病人预后的一项新指标。     

乳腺癌组织中uPA、uPAR及nm23-H1的表达

目的　观察乳腺癌组织中uPA、uPAR、nm2 3 H1的表达并探讨与腋窝淋巴结转移的关系。方法　用免疫组化EnVi sion两步法检测 6 9例乳腺癌组织中uPA、uPAR和nm2 3 H1表达的分布情况 ,观察其与肿瘤的分化程度以及与腋窝淋巴结转移的关系。结果　 (1)uPA阳性表达定位于癌细胞胞质 ;uPAR和nm2 3 H1阳性表达定位于癌细胞胞膜及胞质 ,多数癌旁乳腺上皮细胞呈nm2 3 H1阳性表达 ;高分化乳腺癌 (Ⅰ级 )uPA和uPAR表达阳性率 (30 0 %和 2 5 0 %)低于中低分化乳腺癌 (Ⅱ、Ⅲ级 ) (分别为 6 8 1%、72 7%和 70 0 %、74 1%) (P <0 0 5 ) ;nm2 3 H1表达阳性率在乳腺癌组织不同分化程度间差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5 ) ;(2 )腋窝淋巴结有转移者uPA和uPAR的表达阳性率 (73 2 %和 75 6 %)高于无淋巴结转移者 (35 7%和35 7%) (P <0 0 5 ) ;有腋窝淋巴结转移者nm2 3 H1的表达阳性率 (2 4 4 %)显著低于无淋巴结转移者 (5 0 0 %) (P <0 0 5 ) ;uPA、uPAR和nm2 3 H1的表达与淋巴结转移的个数均无关 ;(3)uPA阳性表达的癌组织其nm2 3 H1表达阳性率 (15 0 %)低于uPA阴性表达的癌组织 (6 2 1%) (P <0 0 5 )。结论　uPA和uPAR的高表达与乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结转移密切相关 ;uPA、uPAR和nm2 3 H1可以作为乳腺癌侵袭与淋巴结转移的     

siRNA抑制nm23-H1基因表达对鼻咽癌6-10B细胞生物学行为的影响

目的：采用RNA干扰技术下调nm23-H1基因在鼻咽癌6-10B细胞中的表达,探讨nm23-H1表达下调对6-10B细胞生物学行为的影响。方法：采用脂质体法将nm23-H1基因siRNA(nm23-H1 siRNA)瞬间转染6-10B细胞,Western 印迹检测转染细胞中nm23-H1蛋白的表达水平,然后利用MTT法、流式细胞术和Transwell小室实验分别检测转染6-10B细胞的增殖、细胞周期和体外迁移侵袭等生物学行为的变化;测序检测6-10B细胞nm23-H1基因有无S120G 点突变。结果： nm23-H1 siRNA有效地下调nm23-H1基因的表达, nm23-H1 siRNA转染6-10B细胞的增殖能力增强,S期细胞增多,体外迁移和侵袭能力增强（P<0.05）。6-10B细胞nm23-H1 基因无S120G 点突变。结论：nm23-H1基因具有抑制人鼻咽癌细胞6-10B增殖和体外迁移侵袭的作用。     

人结肠直肠癌组织中B7-H1的表达及其临床意义

探讨共刺激分子B7-H1在人结肠直肠癌组织中的表达及其意义。运用免疫组织化学SP法检测B7-H1分子在60例结肠直肠癌组织中的表达,并对其表达水平与结肠直肠癌临床病理参数之间的关系进行相关性分析。结果显示,B7-H1分子在结肠直肠癌组织中的阳性表达显著高于正常结肠直肠组织(P<0.01);B7-H1在结肠直肠癌组织中阳性表达率为60%,与患者性别、年龄、肿瘤组织的类型、分级和分期无关(P>0.05),而与淋巴结是否转移显著相关(P<0.01)。B7-H1在结肠直肠癌组织中的高表达,可能在肿瘤的发生、发展中起到一定作用,有望成为结肠直肠癌免疫治疗的一个新靶点。     

子宫内膜异位症中nm23-H1基因表达的意义

目的：探讨nm23-H1基因在子宫内膜异位症发生中的作用。方法：采用免疫组织化学SP法检测25例子宫内膜异位症和22例正常子宫内膜组织中nm23-H1的蛋白表达情况；采用RT-PCR检测研究33例子宫内膜异位症的异位子宫内膜组织和30例正常子宫内膜组织中nm23-H1基因的mRNA表达情况。 结果：25例子宫内膜异位症组中，nm23-H1的蛋白表达缺失为3例、弱阳性12例、强阳性10例，对照组中nm23-H1的蛋白表达缺失为0例、弱阳性3例、强阳性19例，两组差异显著（P<0.01）。33例子宫内膜异位症组中nm23-H1 mRNA表达缺失为4例、弱表达15例、强表达14例，30例对照组中，nm23-H1的mRNA表达缺失为1例、弱表达6例、强表达23例，子宫内膜异位症组明显低于正常对照组（P<0.05）。 结论：nm23-H1在子宫内膜异位症的发病过程中可能起重要的作用，进一步明确nm23-H1基因在子宫内膜异位症发生中的作用及其作用机制，对了解子宫内膜异位症的发病机制、临床诊断和治疗可能有一定意义。     

Simultaneous real-time PCR detection of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Bacillus anthracis</Emphasis>, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Francisella tularensis</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Yersinia pestis</Emphasis>

This report describes the development of in-house real-time PCR assays using minor groove binding probes for simultaneous detection of the Bacillus anthracis pag and cap genes, the Francisella tularensis 23 KDa gene, as well as the Yersinia pestis pla gene. The sensitivities of these assays were at least 1 fg, except for the assay targeting the Bacillus anthracis cap gene, which showed a sensitivity of 10 fg when total DNA was used as a template in a serial dilution. The clinical value of the Bacillus anthracis- and Francisella tularensis-specific assays was demonstrated by successful amplification of DNA from cases of cow anthrax and hare tularemia, respectively. No cross-reactivity between these species-specific assays or with 39 other bacterial species was noted. These assays may provide a rapid tool for the simultaneous detection and identification of the three category A bacterial species listed as biological threats by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.     

Semiquantitative immunoblot analysis of nm23-H1 and -H2 isoforms in adenocarcinomas of the lung: prognostic significance

Total amounts of nm23 protein and relative levels of H1 and H2 isoforms were studied in 27 fresh-frozen samples of pulmonary adenocarcinoma and adjacent non-neoplastic tissues that were obtained at surgery. Semiquantitative immunoblotting with a monoclonal antibody (Pan-242) against nm23 protein demonstrated both isoforms, recognized as 20.5 kDa for H1 and 18.5 kDa for H2, to be present in all cases. Both H1 and H2 levels in neoplastic tissues were higher than in the corresponding non-neoplastic samples. Expression of H2 was usually greater than of H1. The H2/H1 ratio varied from 1.9 to 14.1 (mean value 5.2) in non-neoplastic tissues and 1.0-5.9 (mean value 2.5) in neoplastic tissues, although this ratio did not correlate with any prognostic factor like tumor size, nodal status or distant metastasis (TNM tumor stage). H1 and H2 levels were significantly lower (mean values 4.3 and 2.4) in well-differentiated than in moderately and poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas (8.3 and 3.0) (P < 0.03 and P < 0.05, respectively). These data indicate that H1 and H2 isoform levels correlate with histological differentiation, but not the metastatic potential or stage of pulmonary adenocarcinoma.     

C-<Emphasis Type="Italic">erb</Emphasis>B-2 oncogene and <Emphasis Type="Italic">P21</Emphasis><Superscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">WAF/CIP1</Emphasis></Superscript> tumor suppressor gene expression as prognostic factors in canine mammary adenocarcinomas

To evaluate the use of c-erbB-2 oncogene and p21 ^WAF1/CIP1 suppressor gene products as the prognosis markers for canine mammary tumors, expression of these gene products were examined immunohistochemically using tumor tissues and clinical data from 96 dogs with malignant mammary tumors. Semiquantitative data was compared with histopathological grades, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)-positive index, and clinicopathological matters. The expression c-erbB-2 protein was found in the cellular membrane and cytoplasm of neoplastic epithelial cells, and the positive index had no significant relation to the histopathological features and PCNA-positive index, except for the individual age of affected dogs (P < 0.05). The product of p21 ^WAF1/CIP1 was mostly found in cytoplasm and occasionally in the nucleus of neoplastic cells. The quantitative data had significant association to the malignancy grade and size of tumors (P < 0.05). However, that had no significant relationship to the PCNA-positive index. The present study concluded that both gene products could not apply as the direct markers to evaluate the prognosis of canine mammary tumors. The detection of c-erbB-2 product may be partly beneficial to the differential diagnosis of epithelial type of mammary cancer. The use of p21 ^WAF1/CIP1 product in prognosis of canine mammary cancer needs further investigation.     

NM23基因相关信号通路在肿瘤转移中作用机制的研究进展

浸润和转移是恶性肿瘤的重要特征,也给肿瘤的治疗带来困难,是预后不良的重要因素。NM23基因是最早发现的抗肿瘤转移基因之一。现在已经发现NM23是一个基因家族,包括NM23-H1、NM23-H2等重要的基因家族成员。研究表明NM23基因表达与实体瘤转移抑制有关,在很多实体瘤中可以作为进展和预后的分子标记。随着对NM23基因调控肿瘤转移的分子机制的研究的进一步开展,已经发现了一些NM23肿瘤转移抑制通路上下游的相关调控分子,为进一步的信号通路研究创造了条件。本文概述了近年来对NM23基因转移抑制通路研究的新近展,提出了以后可能的研究方向和需要解决的关键问题。     

散发性胆囊癌nm23-H1基因遗传不稳定性与错配修复基因hMLH1和hMSH2蛋白表达的研究

目的： 研究人类17号染色体D17S396位点微卫星不稳定性和杂合性缺失，对nm23-H1蛋白表达的影响，同时检测错配修复基因hMLH1和hMSH2蛋白的表达，为揭示nm23-H1基因、hMLH1和hMSH2基因与肿瘤发生和转移机制提供实验依据。方法: 采用石蜡包埋组织抽提DNA、PCR-SSCP、常规银染、Envision免疫组织化学等方法，对50例胆囊癌及其相应的正常组织，进行D17S396位点MSI、LOH的检测和nm23-H1、hMLH1和hMSH2蛋白表达研究。结果: ①原发性胆囊癌D17S396位点遗传不稳定发生率为42.55%，LOH的发生率与肿瘤组织分化程度差异显著（P <0.05）；在肝脏侵润和淋巴转移组高于无肝脏侵润和无淋巴转移组(P <0.01)，在NevinⅣ+Ⅴ期高于Ⅰ+Ⅱ+Ⅲ期(P <0.01)；而MSI发生率则相反；②nm23-H1蛋白阳性率为46.81%，在淋巴转移组低于无淋巴转移组(P <0.01)；NevinⅣ+Ⅴ期低于Ⅰ+Ⅱ+Ⅲ期(P <0.05)；③hMLH1和hMSH2蛋白阳性率分别为51.06%和42.55%，hMLH1蛋白表达在有无淋巴转移组和Nevin分期有显著差异(P <0.01)，肝脏侵润组低于无肝脏侵润组(P <0.05)；④MSI阳性组中hMLH1蛋白阳性率显著高于MSI阴性组(P <0.05)。LOH阳性组中nm23-H1和hMSH2蛋白阳性率显著低于LOH阴性组（P <0.05）；⑤hMSH2蛋白阳性组中nm23-H1蛋白表达明显高于hMSH2蛋白阴性组（P<0.05）。结论:nm23-H1基因的遗传不稳定性可能是胆囊癌发生、发展的一个重要分子机制。nm23-H1基因的MSI和LOH，通过相互独立的途径调控胆囊癌的发生和转移。hMLH1/hMSH2表达异常可能是胆囊癌的早期分子事件。提高胆囊癌局部nm23-H1、hMLH1和hMSH2蛋白的表达，可减缓肿瘤的侵润转移并提高预后率。     

Prognostic implication of nm23-H1 expression in colorectal carcinomas

AIMS: Expression of nm23 has been identified as a potential metastatic suppressor. In this study, nm23-H1 expression, clinicopathological parameters and influences on clinical outcomes were investigated in colorectal carcinoma patients. METHODS: Immunostaining was performed on 185 colorectal carcinomas using a polyclonal anti-nm23-H1 antibody. RESULTS: The nm23-H1 immunoreactivity was weak in 31 (17%), moderate in 48 (26%) and strong in 106 (57%) cases. The well differentiated adenocarcinomas showed significantly strong staining for nm23-H1 compared with the moderately and poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas (chi2 test, P<0.001). Advanced tumour stages were associated with reduced nm23-H1 expression (P<0.001). There was an inverse correlation with angiolymphatic invasion, nodal metastasis and liver metastasis (univariate logistic regression analysis, P<0.001). In univariate analysis, patients with reduced expression of nm23-H1 had significantly shorter overall and disease-free survival than the strong expression group (log-rank test for trend, P=0.002 and P=0.003, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicated that reduced nm23-H1 expression showed poor prognosis in colorectal carcinomas. As a result, nm23-H1 expression might be a useful marker to predict outcome while planning treatment.     

nm23—H1过表达与乳腺癌和皮肤癌转移的相关性

目的：对比研究乳腺癌与皮肤癌转移抑制基因ｎｍ２３－Ｈ１表达的意义。方法：用单克隆抗体免疫组织化学Ｓ－Ｐ法检测８１例乳腺癌及１００便皮肤癌。ｎｍ２３－Ｈ１阳性细胞数超过３０％的癌细胞定为过度表达。结果：乳腺癌中导管原位癌、无转移及有转移浸润性导管癌的过表达率分别为８２％、７７％和３３％。皮肤癌中基底细胞癌、无转移及有转移鳞状细胞癌的过表达率分别为７９％、６１％和２７％,判别有显著意义Ｐ〈０．００５％