USPIO在评价肿瘤微血管生成中的作用及其临床应用

肿瘤血管生成是肿瘤生长和转移的必要条件,传统的微血管密度计数方法有其局限性.动态增强MRI作为一种无创性的检查方法,可快捷、准确评价肿瘤血管生成情况且颇具发展前景.超小超顺磁性氧化铁颗粒 (USPIO)在评价血流量、鉴别肿瘤良恶性、肿瘤分期、监测抗癌治疗反应以及鉴别术后复发与瘢痕方面都具有较大的应用价值,并且随着分子成像技术的发展,对肿瘤微血管生成的研究已经深入到受体和基因水平.     

RSNA2015分子影像学

RSNA2015报道的分子影像学研究进展主要包括以下几个方面:①靶向特异性分子探针及复合分子探针的研发和应用:如靶向特异性超顺磁氧化铁纳米探针,放射性核素示踪剂免疫,复合超声微泡对比剂及光学对比剂等,应用于肿瘤血管靶向显像,肿瘤诊断、治疗疗效评估及肿瘤淋巴结转移等.③新型的放射学分子成像方法:如磁性粒子成像,磁共振波谱成像及化学交换饱和转移成像等.③多模态或多参数分子显像:MRI、PET、SPECT、超声及光学分子成像技术中两种或多种技术的结合.④干细胞追踪及显像.     

USPIO在评价肿瘤微血管生成中的作用及其临床应用

肿瘤血管生成是肿瘤生长和转移的必要条件,传统的微血管密度计数方法有其局限性。动态增强MRI作为一种无创性的检查方法,可快捷、准确评价肿瘤血管生成情况且颇具发展前景。超小超顺磁性氧化铁颗粒（USPIO）在评价血流量、鉴别肿瘤良恶性、肿瘤分期、监测抗癌治疗反应以及鉴别术后复发与瘢痕方面都具有较大的应用价值,并且随着分子成像技术的发展,对肿瘤微血管生成的研究已经深入到受体和基因水平。     

联合钆和超顺磁性氧化铁对比剂MR增强成像评估多发性硬化的活动性

摘要目的应用钆和超微超顺磁性氧化铁(USPIO)颗粒作为对比剂,比较多发性硬化病变随时间变化的MR成像特征。方法该研究获得当地伦理委员会批准,所有受试者签署知情同意书。对24例多发性硬化病人(10例复发型、14例进展型)给予钆和USPIO增强MRI检查并随访6个月。采用Pearsonχ2或Fisher确切检验比较单独使用钆增强强化的病变、USPIO增强强化的病变及两者都强化的病变数量,用U检验比较病变大小。     

USPIO在直肠癌淋巴结转移MRI诊断中的研究进展

术前准确评价直肠癌的淋巴结转移情况,可指导临床利用化疗等手段减轻肿瘤负荷,降低临床分期,从而减少术后局部复发和远处转移的风险.常规的影像学检查方法对直肠癌淋巴结转移的评价存在局限性.超微型超顺磁性氧化铁粒子(USPIO)已作为MRI 对比剂用来评价多种恶性肿瘤的淋巴结转移情况.就利用USPIO 评价直肠癌淋巴结转移的MRI 诊断现状及应用前景予以综述.     

USPIO在动脉粥样硬化易损斑块检出中的应用

超小超顺磁性氧化铁(ultra-small superparamagnetic iron oxide,USPIO)是一种新型的磁性MRI对比剂,具有能被网状内皮系统(reticuloendothelial system,RES)识别巨噬细胞所摄取的特点,且由于其血浆半衰期长,能广泛地分布于RES中的器官外巨噬细胞.目前,利用USPIO作为巨噬细胞特异性对比剂的特点,诸多研究者对动脉粥样硬化(artherosclerosis,AS)、淋巴结转移、自身免疫性脑脊膜炎,肾毒性肾炎,移植物反应和软组织细菌感染等病变做了大量的研究.笔者就USPIO的理化、生物学性质及应用于AS检测易损斑块的的现状作一综述.     

USPIO-PEG-sLeX 分子探针在裸鼠鼻咽癌移植瘤模型 MRI 的初步研究

目的：通过超顺磁性氧化铁(USPIO)螯合唾液酸化酶 X(sLeX )形成靶向内皮细胞黏附分子-1(ELAM-1)的特异性磁共振成像的分子探针(USPIO-PEG-sLeX ),并探讨其在鼻咽癌移植瘤的应用价值。方法利用物理沉积方法合成 USPIO 纳米颗粒,通过 PEG 修饰形成 USPIO-PEG-sLeX 。裸鼠鼻咽癌移植瘤模型分为实验组和对照组,分别经尾静脉注入 USPIO-PEG-sLeX 和USPIO-PEG 前后进行 MR T2 mapping 成像,比较分析注射对比剂前后移植瘤的 T2值变化。结果USPIO-PEG-sLeX 具有良好表征。对照组和实验组的鼻咽癌移植瘤的平扫 T2值差异无统计学意义(P >0.05),增强扫描后2组的 T2值下降,2组的 T2值差异有统计学意义(P <0.05);实验组的强化率更低,2组的强化率差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。实验组中瘤体与肌肉的强化率差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。结论USPIO-PEG-sLeX 纳米磁性颗粒有望作为鼻咽癌 ELAM-1表达的靶向对比剂,在非创伤动态监测 ELAM-1的表达方面具有良好的潜在应用前景。     

在非酒精性脂肪肝病人使用USPIO增强MR成像无创性鉴别肝脂肪变性和脂性肝炎:概念证实性研究

正摘要目的 (a)研究超顺磁性氧化铁(USPIO)增强MRI在非酒精性脂肪肝的合适扫描时间和剂量;(b)评估在非酒精性脂肪肝中肝脏对于USPIO的摄取是否会降低;(c)研究USPIO增强MR成像对于诊断非酒精性脂肪肝和单纯性肝脂肪变性的准确性。材料与方法该前瞻性的研究得到了当地伦理委员会的批准,所有病人均签署知情同意书。在注射USPIO时和之后72 h采集量化的肝脏R2*MR影像,被试对     

实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎巨噬细胞活性MR成像的研究进展

MR成像是监测多发性硬化(MS)病情及其演变、评价疗效的重要手段,实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎(EAE)是公认的研究人类多发性硬化的动物模型。常规MR扫描仅能分析MS和EAE炎症反应的继发性改变。巨噬细胞是MS和EAE炎症反应中重要的效应细胞,超微超顺磁性氧化铁(USPIO)粒子能被巨噬细胞摄取,MR成像能显示MS和EAE病灶内吞噬了USPIO的巨噬细胞,分析其炎症反应自身的信息,是动态观察巨噬细胞浸润过程、进一步探索MS免疫病理机制的有效手段。本文综述超微超顺磁性对比剂的特性及其MR成像在EAE和MS病理机制方面的研究进展,评价其发展前景。     

MRI评估直肠癌淋巴结转移的价值

淋巴结转移是预测直肠癌预后的最重要因素,准确评估淋巴结有无转移有助于临床制定更合理的治疗方案。常规MRI主要依靠淋巴结大小诊断淋巴结性质,准确性不高。扩散加权成像(DWI)能够敏感地发现淋巴结,但转移性淋巴结与非转移性淋巴结的ADC值有部分重叠。动态增强MRI(DCE-MRI)定量分析能反映淋巴结微环境情况,有利于鉴别淋巴结性质。超微超顺磁性氧化铁-MRI(USPIO-MRI)可以诊断淋巴结性质且诊断敏感度较高,但尚未应用于临床。就常规MRI、DWI、DCE-MRI、USPIO-MRI对直肠癌淋巴结转移的诊断价值予以综述。     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.