巨噬细胞对卵巢癌细胞SKOV3生物学功能的影响

目的:研究巨噬细胞对卵巢癌细胞株SKOV3生物学功能的影响。方法:(1)体外采用IL-4和佛波醇酯(PMA)分别诱导M2和M1型巨噬细胞,流式细胞仪鉴定分型;(2)Tranwell小室建立巨噬细胞与卵巢癌细胞SKOV3体外非接触式共培养模型。比较共培养后,SKOV3的增殖和凋亡、迁移和侵袭的变化。MTT法检测增殖;流式细胞仪Annexin V-FITC/PI双染检测凋亡;Transwell检测侵袭和迁移。结果:(1)IL-4诱导的巨噬细胞高表达CD163,为M2型,PMA诱导组高表达HLA-DR,为M1型。SKOV3和普通巨噬细胞共培养后,巨噬细胞CD163高表达。(2)SKOV3的增殖和凋亡:M2共培养组SK-OV3的增殖活性显著高于M1共培养组和普通共培养组(P<0.05)。M2共培养组SKOV3的凋亡率显著低于M1共培养组和普通共培养组(P<0.05)。(3)SKOV3的迁移和侵袭:M2共培养组SKOV3的侵袭能力显著强于M1共培养组和普通共培养组(P<0.01)。M2共培养组SKOV3的迁移能力显著强于M1共培养组和普通共培养组(P<0.05)。结论:共培养卵巢癌细胞使巨噬细胞M2表型极化。M2型巨噬细胞促进卵巢癌细胞增殖,提高侵袭、迁移能力,减少凋亡,而M1型起相反作用。     

S1P/S1PR对人卵巢癌SKOV3细胞的促血管生成作用的研究

目的:探究鞘氨醇-1-磷酸/鞘氨醇-1-磷酸受体(S1P/S1PR)对人卵巢癌SKOV3细胞促血管生成作用的影响和机制。方法:管腔形成实验探究S1P对人卵巢癌SKOV3细胞的促血管生成作用的影响;实时定量聚合酶链式反应(qRT-PCR)检测S1P处理后的人卵巢癌SKOV3细胞中血管生成因子白细胞介素8(IL-8)、IL-6、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)的变化情况;设计合成小干扰RNA(siRNA)干扰序列基因沉默SKOV3细胞中S1PR1、S1PR2和S1PR3的表达,蛋白质印迹(Western-blot)和qRT-PCR检测SKOV3细胞中S1PR的下调结果;qRT-PCR检测S1PR对SKOV3细胞IL-8、IL-6、VEGF表达的影响。结果:管腔形成实验结果显示,S1P处理后的SKOV3细胞培养上清液重悬人脐静脉内皮细胞融合细胞(EA.hy926),其管腔形成的数量多于对照组(t=3.667,P=0.021),表明S1P促进了人卵巢癌细胞SKOV3的促血管形成能力。S1P处理后的SKOV3细胞中血管生成因子IL-8、IL-6、VEGF mRNA的表达水平较对照组升高,差异有统计学意义(均P0.05)。S1PR1和S1PR3基因沉默可显著降低SKOV3细胞中IL-8、IL-6、VEGF的mRNA表达水平,差异有统计学意义(均P0.05),而S1PR2基因沉默后IL-8、IL-6、VEGF的mRNA变化不明显。结论:S1P通过S1PR1/3上调人卵巢癌SKOV3细胞中IL-8、IL-6、VEGF的表达,从而增强了SKOV3细胞的促血管生成作用,S1P/S1PR通路有望成为抑制卵巢癌生长的治疗新靶点。     

凝血因子Ⅱ可诱导单核细胞和巨噬细胞分化为卵巢癌腹膜内肿瘤相关巨噬细胞

目的 探讨激活的凝血因子Ⅱ(Ⅱ因子)能否诱导外周血单核细胞分化为卵巢上皮性癌(EOC)腹膜微环境肿瘤相关巨噬细胞.方法 分离正常女性外周血单核细胞和巨噬细胞(MO/MA)以及EOC腹水内肿瘤相关巨噬细胞(TAM);凝血因子Ⅱ刺激后,检测MO/MA和TAM表面Ⅱ因子受体PAR1、3、4表达,分析MO/MA在Ⅱ因子或(Ⅱ因子+水蛭素)刺激后CD14、CD68和CD163表达比例,ELISA检测Ⅱ因子刺激后巨噬细胞表达的细胞因子,Real-time PCR检测细胞因子、趋化因子mRNA表达.结果 MO/MA及TAM细胞表面上均有Ⅱ因子受体PARI、3、4表达;Ⅱ因子刺激后,MO/MA高表达CD14[(50.23±4.34)%]及CD163[(3.82±1.93)%],与Ⅱ因子+水蛭素刺激组[CD14(32.37±6.24)%,CD163(0.56±0.28)%]及培养液对照组[CD14(40.06±8.06)%,CD163(1.02±0.38)%]相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);ELISA结果示Ⅱ因子刺激后IL-8、IL-10及TGF-β分泌表现出时间依耐性特征,刺激后3h表达量达高峰;Real-time PCR显示IL-8、IL-10、IL-12、CXCR2、CCR2、CCL18mRNA表达上调,CXCR1和TGF-β表达下降.结论 激活的凝血因子Ⅱ能诱导外周血MO/MA分化为CD163highIL-10highIL-12highCCL18highIL-8high,具有类似肿瘤相关巨噬细胞特征的M2型巨噬细胞亚型;Ⅱ因子可能参与了EOC腹膜微环境浸润的TAM的分化和极化作用.     

S1P/S1PR对人卵巢癌SKOV3细胞的促血管生成作用的研究

目的：探究鞘氨醇-1-磷酸/鞘氨醇-1-磷酸受体（S1P/S1PR）对人卵巢癌SKOV3细胞促血管生成作用的影响和机制。方法：管腔形成实验探究S1P对人卵巢癌SKOV3细胞的促血管生成作用的影响;实时定量聚合酶链式反应（qRT-PCR）检测S1P处理后的人卵巢癌SKOV3细胞中血管生成因子白细胞介素8（IL-8）、IL-6、血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）的变化情况;设计合成小干扰RNA（siRNA）干扰序列基因沉默SKOV3细胞中S1PR1、S1PR2和S1PR3的表达,蛋白质印迹（Western-blot）和qRT-PCR检测SKOV3细胞中S1PR的下调结果;qRT-PCR检测S1PR对SKOV3细胞IL-8、IL-6、VEGF表达的影响。结果：管腔形成实验结果显示,S1P处理后的SKOV3细胞培养上清液重悬人脐静脉内皮细胞融合细胞（EA.hy926）,其管腔形成的数量多于对照组（t=3.667,P=0.021）,表明S1P促进了人卵巢癌细胞SKOV3的促血管形成能力。S1P处理后的SKOV3细胞中血管生成因子IL-8、IL-6、VEGF mRNA的表达水平较对照组升高,差异有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。S1PR1和S1PR3基因沉默可显著降低SKOV3细胞中IL-8、IL-6、VEGF的mRNA表达水平,差异有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）,而S1PR2基因沉默后IL-8、IL-6、VEGF的mRNA变化不明显。结论：S1P通过S1PR1/3上调人卵巢癌SKOV3细胞中IL-8、IL-6、VEGF的表达,从而增强了SKOV3细胞的促血管生成作用,S1P/S1PR通路有望成为抑制卵巢癌生长的治疗新靶点。     

凝血因子Ⅻ诱导外周血单核细胞分化为卵巢癌腹膜内肿瘤相关巨噬细胞的实验研究

目的:探讨凝血因子Ⅻ能否诱导外周血单核细胞(MO)分化为卵巢癌(EOC)腹膜微环境中的肿瘤相关巨噬细胞(TAM)。方法:分离正常女性外周血MO,在体外经Ⅻ因子刺激,流式荧光激活细胞分选技术(FACS)检测刺激后CD14、CD68和CD163表达的比例;ELISA检测TNF-α、IL-4、IL-8、TGF-β、IL-10、MMP2等因子的表达;Real-timePCR检测IL-10、IL-8、CCL18、CCR2、TGF-β、CXCR1及CXCR2等细胞因子及相关受体mRNA的表达,添加Ⅻ因子抑制物-C1酯酶抑制剂(C1-INH)后检测相应mRNA转录变化。结果:经Ⅻ因子刺激后,MO表面CD14,CD163表达比例上调[CD14:(57.025±11.135)%,CD163:(1.09±0.21)%],与阴性对照组[CD14:(45.2±5.24)%,CD163:(0.7±0.08)%]相比有统计学差异(P0.05);经Ⅻ因子刺激后MO分泌IL-8,IL-10及TGF-β分泌表现出时间依赖性,IL-8及TGF-β于刺激后12h分泌达到高峰,IL-10分泌高峰为刺激后3h;刺激后IL-8,IL-10,CXCR2,CCR2以及CCL18mRNA的表达上调,添加C1-INH后,相应mRNA的转录水平下调。结论:凝血因子Ⅻ能诱导外周血MO分化成表型为CD14highCD163highIL-10highCCL18highIL-8high的单核巨噬细胞,类似TAM特征的巨噬细胞亚型,Ⅻ因子可能参与EOC腹膜微环境中浸润的MO分化,从而调控EOC的腹膜转移。     

卵巢癌相关成纤维细胞与卵巢癌淋巴结转移的关系

目的:探讨肿瘤相关成纤维细胞(CAFs)与卵巢癌临床病理学特征特别是淋巴结转移的关系,研究CAFs在卵巢癌淋巴管生成和淋巴管内皮细胞(LEC)增殖迁移中的作用。方法:免疫组化法检测、计算机图像处理软件分析71例卵巢癌组织间质中α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)阳性面积百分比,以此代表卵巢癌CAFs的数量。用D2-40标记淋巴管内皮细胞,检测淋巴管密度(LVD)。EdU标记法和Transwell迁移实验检测与CAFs共培养前后淋巴管内皮细胞增殖和迁移情况。结果:卵巢癌有淋巴结转移组间质中CAFs百分比明显高于无淋巴结转移组(P=0.024),分别为(29.39±4.32)%和(22.56±6.78)%。卵巢癌间质CAFs数量与淋巴管密度呈正相关(r=0.504,P=0.0003)。与卵巢癌成纤维细胞共培养后,淋巴管内皮细胞增殖增多2.8倍(P<0.0001),迁移增多5.2倍(P<0.0001)。结论:卵巢癌间质成纤维细胞可能通过促进淋巴管内皮细胞增殖、迁移和淋巴管生成,参与卵巢癌的进展和淋巴结的转移。     

凝血因子Ⅻ刺激外周血单核细胞对卵巢癌细胞侵袭能力的影响

目的 探索凝血因子Ⅻ刺激正常人外周血单核细胞(monocytes,MOs)后对卵巢癌细胞侵袭能力的影响.方法 正常女性外周血来源MOs在体外经Ⅻ因子刺激12h后,以卵巢癌患者腹水来源的肿瘤相关巨噬细胞(TAM)为阳性对照,通过印度墨汁吞噬实验检测经Ⅻ因子刺激后,MOs吞噬功能的变化;检测经Ⅻ因子刺激后MOs培养上清对卵巢癌细胞系ES-2,SKOV-3,HO-8910体外侵袭能力的影响;采用AP-1、STAT、Inflammation-1、Oncogene-3家族转录因子试剂盒筛选Ⅻ因子可能通过何种细胞信号转导途径激活MOs.结果 (1)卵巢癌腹水来源的TAM和经Ⅻ因子刺激后MOs吞噬印度墨汁的比例分别为0.66±0.04和0.36±0.03,显著高于外周血来源的MOs(0.27±0.018)(P<0.01,P=0.033).(2)卵巢上皮性癌细胞ES-2在MOs+Ⅻ因子组上清为趋化诱导物时侵袭细胞数目为110.9±5.046,略少于腹水组(157.5±14.86),但显著高于使用普通培养基作为趋化诱导物的阴性对照组(39.14±10.91),在MOs+Ⅻ因子组上清中添加Ⅻ抑制剂西妥昔单抗后,侵袭细胞数量减少为42.43±9.097.结论 卵巢癌腹膜内上调的Ⅻ因子可能通过教育和诱导MOs向具有类似TAM特征的M2型巨噬细胞亚型分化,成为加速卵巢癌细胞在腹膜转移的诱导因素之一.     

卵巢上皮癌细胞SKOV3通过分泌外泌体促进单核巨噬细胞分化为肿瘤相关巨噬细胞的研究

目的:研究上皮性卵巢癌细胞SKOV3分泌的外泌体(exosomes)能否调控单核巨噬细胞分化为M2型肿瘤相关巨噬细胞(TAMs),并进一步参与肿瘤的转移。方法:分离SKOV3细胞外泌体,透射电镜观察形态。卵巢癌细胞外泌体、M-CSF+IL-4和空培养基分别与人外周血CD14+单核细胞共培养3天,观察细胞形态。结晶紫计数单核细胞贴壁率;流式细胞仪检测共培养后单核细胞CD206、HLA-DR的表达情况;ELISA法检测共培养后上清中IL-10和IL-12的含量;体外迁移实验检测肿瘤细胞迁移能力的变化。结果:透射电镜显示,外泌体近似圆形,直径30~80nm。结晶紫计数显示,外泌体共培养组和M-CSF+IL-4组的OD值(分别为0.13±0.06,0.16±0.04)较空培养基组(0.04±0.01)增加,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。倒置显微镜发现,细胞贴壁,形态类似巨噬细胞。流式结果显示,外泌体共培养组和M-CSF+IL-4组的单核细胞CD206(分别为71.86±5.62、99.27±0.32)表达水平升高,HLA-DR(分别为12.71±7.22、3.55±0.27)表达水平降低,与空培养基组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。ELISA检测结果显示,外泌体共培养组和M-CSF+IL-4组的上清IL-10含量(分别为71.72±0.81、82.13±2.11)增加,IL-12含量(分别为34.88±4.75、19.71±4.28)减少,与空培养基组比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。体外迁移实验显示,外泌体刺激单核细胞上清组的肿瘤细胞迁移数(121.58±2.25)明显增加,分别与空培养基对照组、单核细胞上清组比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:卵巢上皮癌细胞SKOV3的外泌体可诱导单核巨噬细胞分化极化为卵巢癌腹膜内TAMs表型,从而促进卵巢癌细胞的迁移能力。     

上皮性卵巢癌患者肿瘤局部微环境中Treg/Th17比例平衡的研究

目的:探讨上皮性卵巢癌(EOC)患者外周血、卵巢癌组织和癌旁腹膜中Treg/Th17是否存在失衡。方法:选取2011年9月至2013年12月同济大学第一妇婴保健院收治的16例EOC(EOC组)、11例良性上皮性肿瘤(良性肿瘤组)及14例健康成年女性(对照组),收集患者外周血并分离淋巴细胞;收集4例EOC患者腹水并分离淋巴细胞。流式细胞术检测外周血及腹水中Th17、Treg细胞占CD4+T细胞的比例。选取同一时间段在本院手术患者术中留取的卵巢肿瘤组织、腹膜组织及转移灶组织,包括13例EOC、16例EOC种植灶癌旁腹膜、5例良性卵巢肿瘤组织及腹膜,用免疫荧光染色分析Th17及Treg细胞在良性卵巢肿瘤、EOC原发灶和癌旁腹膜中的浸润情况。结果:(1)EOC患者外周血中Treg比例为(5.16±3.85)%,显著高于对照组[(2.41±1.76)%])和良性肿瘤组[(2.3873±2.336)%](P=0.025,P=0.043),后两组比较无统计学差异。EOC患者外周血中Th17细胞比例为(3.15±3.045)%,显著高于对照组[(1.22±1.13)%](P=0.044);良性肿瘤患者[(1.93±1.745)%]与EOC患者和对照组比较,差异均无统计学意义;Treg/Th17细胞比值在3组间均无统计学差异。EOC患者腹水与外周血中的Th17、Treg细胞比例及Treg/Th17比值比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。(2)EOC组肿瘤组织中Treg和Th17细胞比例及Treg/Th17比值分别为(0.1062±0.077)%、(0.143±0.056)%和0.80±0.56,与良性肿瘤组织[0%、(0.0789±0.11)%、0]比较,均显著增高(P均0.05)。(3)卵巢良性肿瘤腹膜中未见Treg及Th17细胞浸润,EOC腹膜种植灶癌旁腹膜中Treg、Th17细胞比例及Treg/Th17比值分别为(0.1024±0.1)%、(0.2254±0.23)%和0.8113±1.097,较良性肿瘤组均显著提高(P0.05)。(4)早期和晚期EOC组织中Th17、Treg比例以及Treg/Th17比值比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:卵巢癌患者外周血Treg和Th17比例升高,但并未发现失衡。卵巢癌组织及癌旁腹膜微环境中存在失衡,这一失衡可能促进肿瘤增殖与迁移。     

前列腺素E2通过环磷酸腺苷-蛋白激酶A信号通路上调人THP-1巨噬细胞血管内皮生成因子表达并促进体外血管生成

目的探讨前列腺素E2(prostaglandin E2,PGE2)是否上调人THP-1巨噬细胞血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)表达及其促进体外血管生成的分子机制。方法用不同浓度PGE2、2种PGE2受体(EP2和EP4)拮抗剂或环磷酸腺苷-蛋白激酶A(c AMP-PKA)通路特异性抑制剂SQ22536、H89处理人THP-1巨噬细胞,Western blotting检测人THP-1巨噬细胞内VEGF蛋白表达的变化,Transwell小室和Matrigel胶实验分析PGE2对人THP-1巨噬细胞促进人脐静脉血管内皮细胞(HUVECs)迁移和成管的影响。结果 PGE2通过EP2受体激活c AMP-PKA通路,上调人THP-1巨噬细胞VEGF蛋白表达,以及促进HUVECs的迁移和成管效应。结论 PGE2可能通过上调人THP-1源巨噬细胞VEGF的表达,并且促进血管生成,对胚胎着床起保护作用。     

Tyrosine kinase A receptor (trkA): a potential marker in epithelial ovarian cancer

Objectives

To evaluate the role of trkA receptor as a potential tumor marker in serous epithelial ovarian cancer and its relationship with the angiogenic factors expression as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and nerve growth factor (NGF). Additionally, to examine whether NGF and VEGF secreted by epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) explants and from epithelial ovarian cancer cell line (A2780) are involved in the process of angiogenesis, such as cellular proliferation, migration and differentiation of the human endothelial cell line (EA.hy926).

Methods

The mRNA levels of VEGF, NGF and trkA receptors were measured using PCR in 60 ovarian samples. Cellular localization and semi-quantitative estimation of VEGF, NGF, total trkA and p-trkA was performed using IHC in epithelial cells. NGF, total trkA and p-trkA protein were also evaluated in endothelial cells from the same tissues. Human endothelial cell line EA.hy926 was cultured with conditioned media obtained from both EOC explants and from the A2780 cell line, with or without NGF stimulus.

Results

Significantly higher levels of NGF, total trkA and p-trkA protein expressions were observed in epithelial and endothelial cells in poorly differentiated EOC versus normal ovary. Interestingly, the p-trkA receptor expression level showed the most significant difference and its presence was only found in borderline tumor and EOC samples indicating the importance of trkA receptor in EOC as a potential tumor marker.A significant increase in proliferation, migration and differentiation of EA.hy926 cells was observed with NGF, and this effect was significantly reverted when NGF was immuno-blocked and when a trkA inhibitor was used, showing that NGF is an important angiogenic factor in EOC by activating its trkA receptor.

Conclusion

These results indicate that p-trkA may be considered as a new potential tumor marker in EOC, and that NGF may also act as a direct angiogenic factor in EOC.     

凝血酶刺激单核/巨噬细胞产生IL-8增强卵巢癌细胞侵袭力的实验研究

目的:研究凝血酶刺激正常人外周血来源单核/巨噬细胞(MO/MA)后对卵巢癌细胞侵袭力的影响。方法:分离正常女性外周血单核细胞后,用印度墨汁吞噬试验检测凝血酶刺激MO/MA后吞噬功能的变化;以凝血酶刺激MO/MA后的上清为趋化物,检测对卵巢癌细胞系(ES-2,SKOV-3,HO-8910)体外侵袭力的影响;阻断侵袭实验中加入IL-8单克隆中和抗体。转录因子试剂盒AP1、STAT、Inflammation 1、Oncogene 3家族筛选凝血酶通过何种细胞信号转导途径激活MO/MA。结果:(1)凝血酶未显著提高MO/MA的吞噬能力;(2)基质胶体侵袭实验表明,上皮性卵巢癌细胞系ES-2在MO/MA+凝血酶刺激组上清作用下,侵袭力增强(161.9±11.18,n=6),其侵袭细胞数目与卵巢癌腹水刺激组(157.5±14.86,n=4)类似,但显著高于阴性对照组普通培养基(47.25±12.45,P<0.05),添加水蛭素(凝血酶抑制剂)后能显著降低其侵袭力(73.5±17.3,P<0.01);抗IL-8单克隆抗体对ES-2细胞侵袭的阻断作用呈浓度依赖性,相同体外侵袭实验在SKOV-3细胞系(n=2)及HO-8910细胞系(n=2)中得到类似结果;(3)转录因子检测表明,In-flammation 1及Oncogene 3家族中几乎所有涉及炎症的转录因子包括c-Fos,c-Rel,NF-κbp50,NF-κb p65,c/EBPa,Egr-1,HIF-1,OctⅠ,OctⅡ在凝血酶刺激巨噬细胞后活性增加(n=4)。结论:凝血酶刺激MO/MA通过上调IL-8产生,显著增强卵巢癌细胞的侵袭力,表明卵巢癌腹膜内凝血酶可能通过教育和诱导MO/MA向TAM样细胞分化后,加速肿瘤细胞腹膜内转移。     

Ovarian carcinoma cells and IL-1beta-activated human peritoneal mesothelial cells are possible sources of vascular endothelial growth factor in inflammatory and malignant peritoneal effusions

OBJECTIVE: Inflammatory or malignant peritoneal diseases are associated with high levels of ascitic vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). We compared the VEGF secretion by human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMC) and ovarian carcinoma (OVCA) cells and its regulation by pro-inflammatory cytokines. MATERIALS AND METHODS: VEGF secretion in cultured HPMC, established human OVCA cell lines, and inflammatory or OVCA-associated ascites was determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: HPMC constitutively produced VEGF at median levels of 43 +/- 7 pg/10(5) cells. Treatment of HPMC with 1 ng/ml IL-1beta (567 +/- 213 pg/10(5) cells) or TNF-alpha (89 +/- 1 pg/10(5) cells) resulted in a 13-fold (P < 0.01) or 2-fold (P < 0.05) elevation of the VEGF secretion. In OVCA, the constitutive VEGF expression was 8-fold higher than VEGF levels in HPMC (364 +/- 185 pg/10(5) cells; P < 0.001). VEGF secretion in OVCA cells was also increased by IL-1beta (514 +/- 105 pg/10(5) cells; P < 0.01) or TNF-alpha (458 +/- 168 pg/10(5) cells; P < 0.01) reaching similar levels as in IL-1beta-activated HPMC. Median VEGF levels in malignant ascites (2761 +/- 1549 pg/ml) were 11-fold higher compared with levels in inflammatory fluids (244 +/- 170 pg/ml; P < 0.01). VEGF levels in both inflammatory- and OVCA-associated fluids correlated with ascitic IL-1beta levels (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: We identified ovarian cancer cells and/or IL-1beta-activated peritoneal mesothelial cells as important sources of ascitic VEGF. The present data indicate that IL-1beta-triggered VEGF production by neoplastic and normal cells is a common pathomechanism for ascites formation in both inflammatory and malignant conditions.     

Myxoma virus-mediated oncolysis of ascites-derived human ovarian cancer cells and spheroids is impacted by differential AKT activity

Objective

We propose that metastatic epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is a potential therapeutic target for the oncolytic agent, Myxoma virus (MYXV).

Methods

Primary EOC cells were isolated from patient ascites and cultured as adherent cells or in suspension using Ultra Low-Attachment dishes. MYXV expressing green fluorescent protein was used to infect cells and spheroids. Infection was monitored by fluorescence microscopy, viral titering and immunoblotting for M-T7 and M130 virus protein expression, and cell viability by alamarBlue assay. Akti-1/2 (5 μM) and rapamycin (20 nM) were used to assay the role of PI3K-AKT signaling in mediating MYXV infection.

Results

Ascites-derived EOC cells grown in adherent culture are effectively killed by MYXV infection. EOC cells grown in suspension to form three-dimensional EOC spheroids readily permit MYXV entry into cells, yet are protected from the cytopathic effects of late MYXV infection. Upon reattachment (to model secondary metastasis), EOC spheroids are re-sensitized to MYXV-mediated oncolysis. The critical determinant that facilitates efficient MYXV infection is the presence of an activated PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. Treatment with the specific AKT inhibitor Akti-1/2 reduces infection of monolayer EOC cells and spheroids. Direct infection of freshly-collected ascites demonstrated that 54.5% of patient samples were sensitive to MYXV-mediated oncolytic cell killing. We also demonstrate that factor(s) present in ascites may negatively impact MYXV infection and oncolysis of EOC cells, which may be due to a down-regulation in endogenous AKT activity.

Conclusions

Differential activity of AKT serves as the mechanistic basis for regulating MYXV-mediated oncolysis of EOC spheroids during key steps of the metastatic program. In addition, we provide the first evidence that MYXV oncolytic therapy may be efficacious for a significant proportion of ovarian cancer patients with metastatic disease.     

脂质体转染白介素-12基因至卵巢癌SKOV3细胞检测VEGF表达及抗肿瘤作用探讨

目的:观察含mIL-12基因的质粒转染至SKOV3卵巢癌细胞,效应细胞存在情况下对卵巢癌细胞株血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)表达的影响。方法:用脂质体转染技术将基因质粒及空质粒转染至SKOV3卵巢癌细胞(SKOV3/IL-12)及SKOV3/neo;用ELISA法检测IL-12及INF-γ的表达;用逆转录聚合酶联反应(RT-PCR)半定量法测定SKOV3/IL-12+S(脾细胞)0,12,24,36,48,60hVEGFmRNA含量;用ELISA法测定细胞培养上清液中VEGF蛋白含量及其抑制率。结果:基因转染至SKOV3可检测到IL-12蛋白表达;分泌的IL-12蛋白具有活性,使脾细胞产生INF-γ,12h时迅速出现,作用后24h表达量最高;SKOV3/IL-12细胞与脾细胞作用12h后即出现VEGFmRNA表达抑制,24h达到高峰,与对照组有显著差异(P0.05);培养24h后上清中VEGF蛋白含量减少,与对照组有显著差异(P0.05)。结论:将IL-12基因转染至SKOV3卵巢癌细胞并表达IL-12;分泌的IL-12蛋白具有活性,使脾细胞产生INF-γ;SKOV3/IL-12与效应细胞脾细胞作用后产生INF-γ能在核酸水平下调VEGF并能抑制VEGF蛋白的表达。     

Interleukin-7 and suppression of local peritoneal immunity in ovarian carcinoma.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC) secretion of interleukin-7 (IL-7). METHODS: Levels of IL-7 were assayed by enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay and IL-7 mRNA, and protein expression in tissues and cell lines were detected by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: The median serum IL-7 level in patients with EOC (32 cases; 32.49 pg/ml) was significantly higher than that of patients with benign tumors (16 cases; 7.59 pg/ml) and healthy women (16 cases; 10.64 pg/ml) (P<0.05). The median peritoneal fluid IL-7 level in patients with EOC (17.39 pg/ml) was slightly higher than that of patients with benign tumors (14.09 pg/ml), but not significantly so (P>0.05). There were positive correlations between the serum and peritoneal fluid IL-7 levels in both ovarian cancer and benign group (P<0.05, both). Only two EOC specimens expressed IL-7 mRNA, and no IL-7 protein positive was found in any specimens. CONCLUSIONS: Epithelial ovarian carcinoma cells rarely express IL-7, and IL-7 levels are decreased in the ascitic fluid of patients with EOC.     

葡萄球菌肠毒素激活肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞及外周血淋巴细胞体外抗人卵巢癌的对比研究

目的:探讨葡萄球菌肠毒素A(SEA)对卵巢癌肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞(TIL)及其外周血淋巴细胞(PBL)抗瘤活性的诱导作用。方法:取10例卵巢癌伴腹水患者实体瘤、腹水及外周血标本,分离TIL和PBL。在SEA及IL-2作用下培养,定时计数,了解其增殖情况;流式细胞仪检测其CD3、CD4、CD8表达;噻唑蓝(MTT)比色法测定其对K562及自体肿瘤细胞的细胞毒活性;酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)测定培养上清液中TNF-a和IFN-γ浓度。结果:10例中8例成功分离实体瘤TIL、腹水TIL及PBL。(1)SEA刺激的实体瘤TIL、腹水TIL及PBL增殖速率明显较IL-2诱导组快(P<0.05),但增殖高峰后出现下降趋势,IL-2组未出现此现象;(2)CD3+CD4+及CD3+CD8+T表达率均明显上升,其中SEA诱导组比IL-2组增加比例明显(P<0.05),以SEA作用的CD3+CD8+T比例增加最快;(3)TIL对自体肿瘤细胞的杀伤活性明显高于对K562细胞的杀伤活性(P<0.05),PBL对自体肿瘤细胞的杀伤活性则明显低于对K562细胞的杀伤活性(P<0.05),SEA激活组比IL-2组杀伤率高(P<0.05);(4)各效应细胞分泌的TNF-a、IFN-γ分别在培养的第2天和第4天达到高峰,高峰后迅速下降,SEA诱导组在前10天明显高于IL-2诱导组(P<0.05)。结论:SEA可高效、迅速诱导卵巢癌TIL的抗瘤活性。     

脱氧寡核苷酸对卵巢癌细胞核转录因子-κB活性和下游细胞分子表达的影响

目的 探讨核转录因子(NF)-κB诱捕物脱氧寡核苷酸(ODN)对人卵巢癌细胞株SKOV3细胞NF-κB活性和下游细胞分子如细胞间黏附分子1(ICAM-1)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活剂(uPA)表达的影响。方法 SKOV3细胞转染NF-κB诱捕物ODN后,用白细胞介素113(IL-1β)刺激6、12、24、48 h,采用凝胶电泳滞后实验测定NF-κB DNA结合活性,采用RT-PCR技术检测ICAM-1、VEGF、uPA mRNA表达水平,采用酶联免疫吸附实验(ELISA)检测VEGF蛋白表达水平。结果 (1)SKOV3细胞表达NF—κB DNA结合活性,IL-1β刺激后其活性上升,在转染NF—κB诱捕物ODN后SKOV3细胞NF-κB DNA结合活性被显著抑制,刺激6、12、24、48 h的抑制率分别为99.6％、86.4％、80.1％、21.6％。各时间点间比较,差异均有显著性(P<0.05～0.01)。(2)SKOV3细胞表达ICAM-1、VEGF、uPA mRNA和VEGF蛋白,IL-1β刺激后其表达率上升,转染NF-κB诱捕物ODN后其表达率下降。结论NF—κB诱捕物ODN转染SKOV3细胞后可能通过抑制NF-κB活性,从而抑制ICAM-1、VEGF、uPA的表达。NF—κB诱捕物ODN有望应用于卵巢癌的基因治疗。     

IL-1ra对IL-1β诱导子宫内膜异位症在位内膜基质细胞分泌RANTES的拮抗作用研究

目的 :研究IL -1受体拮抗剂 (IL -1ra)对IL- 1β介导的细胞生物学功能的影响 ,为基因工程药物IL- 1ra用于妇产科临床提供理论依据。方法 :取培养 3～ 5代的子宫内膜异位症的基质细胞分别加入不同浓度的IL -1β与IL- 1ra ,用ELISA双抗体夹心法测定细胞培养上清液中RANTE的含量。结果 :IL -1β作用后 ,EMs在位内膜基质细胞培养上清液中的RANTES含量明显增高 (P <0 .0 1)。当用一定浓度的IL 1ra封闭IL -1受体后加用IL -1β ,细胞培养上清液中RANTES含量呈降低趋势 ,结果有统计学意义 (P <0 .0 5 )。 结论 :IL- 1ra有拮抗IL- 1β诱导EMs在位内膜基质细胞分泌RANTES的作用。