年龄相关性黄斑变性的病因学研究进展

年龄相关性黄斑变性(age-related macular degeneration,AMD)是发达国家老年人致盲最主要的原因,我国的老年性黄斑变性患者也日趋增多,而其发病机制尚未明确。近年来,AMD的发病机制也得到了越来越多的学者们的关注。我们从病因学的角度对AMD的发展进行综合阐述。     

年龄相关性黄斑变性的病因学研究进展

年龄相关性黄斑变性已经成为老年人群的一个重要的公共卫生问题,但是其具体的病因学发病机制至今尚不清楚。本综述概述了国内外有关年龄相关性黄斑变性最新研究结果,为进一步探索年龄相关性黄斑变性潜在的发生机制提供依据和方向。     

吸烟与年龄相关性黄斑变性

吸烟是年龄相关性黄斑变性（AMD）最重要和唯一公认的可修正危险因素。吸烟可增加AMD的患病风险,促进病变发展,而且与一些遗传易感因素可能具有联合作用。其作用机制包括影响血流动力学、氧化损伤和促进新生血管形成等。吸烟在AMD发生发展中的重要作用使其成为AMD防治研究中关注的焦点之一。     

炎症与年龄相关性黄斑变性

近年来炎症与年龄相关性黄斑变性（AMD）的关系受到关注，主要包括与炎症相关的免疫分子与AMD的关系，如补体系统和炎症相关基因、单核细胞趋化蛋白（MCP）、C反应蛋白（CRP）等，以及炎症与AMD病理改变的关系如视网膜色素上皮细胞（RPE）损伤、玻璃膜疣以及脉络膜新生血管形成（CNV）等。     

年龄相关性黄斑变性的治疗进展

最近美国国家眼科研究所公布了“年龄相关性眼病研究”(ａｇｅ ｒｅｌａｔｅｄｅｙｅｄｉｓｅａｓｅｓｔｕｄｙ ,ＡＲＥＤＳ)的结果。在美国 ,年龄相关性黄斑变性 (ａｇｅ ｒｅｌａｔｅｄｍａｃｕｌａｒｄｅｇｅｎｅｒａｔｉｏｎ ,ＡＲＭＤ)和老年性白内障是导致视力下降和致盲的首要原因。目前美国约有 170万ＡＲＭＤ患者 ,其中近 10万患者已失明。至今 ,对于晚期ＡＲＭＤ的治疗方法非常有限 ,也无有效的措施减缓中期ＡＲＭＤ的进展。随着人类寿命的延长 ,ＡＲＭＤ患者将会急剧增加。如果仍然无有效的治疗和预防方法 ,ＡＲＭＤ盲人将成为不…     

年龄相关性黄斑变性致病危险因素

随着人口日趋老龄化,年龄相关性黄斑变性（AMD）已经成为老年人重要的致盲性眼病之一,其流行病学研究资料显示,AMD存在大量危险因素,主要包括：社会人口学因素、个人行为和生活方式、全身疾病和药物、遗传学因素以及眼部情况。本文综述近年来与AMD发病有关的危险因素,以期为今后AMD的病因学研究和临床防治提供线索和依据。     

年龄相关性黄斑变性与氧化应激相关性研究进展

年龄相关性黄斑变性(age-related macular degeneration,ARMD)是发达国家老年人致盲的首要疾病.ARMD是一种多因素疾病,其发病受遗传、环境、饮食、炎症反应及氧化应激等多种因素的影响,其中氧化应激在ARMD的发生、发展中起重要作用.近年研究发现氧化应激与ARMD的发病明显相关.这篇综述概括总结了ARMD的病理学特点、氧化应激与视网膜的关系以及氧化应激在ARMD形成过程中的研究进展.     

脂褐素与年龄相关性黄斑变性

年龄相关性黄斑变性是发达地区老年人最常见的致盲眼病之一,其具体发病机制不清,治疗效果也不明显。近年来,人们发现视网膜色素上皮内脂褐素的增多和年龄相关性黄斑变性的发生有一定关系,我们就2者之间关系的研究情况加以综述。     

年龄相关性黄斑变性的预防

年龄相关性黄斑变性在发达国家已是致盲原因之一,尽管目前有抗VEGF药物、激光、光动力学等湿性黄斑变性的治疗方法,但治疗效果有限.因此,目前最经济实惠的是黄斑变性的预防.我们对目前有据可依的一些黄斑变性的预防方法进行综述,包括4个方面:(1)合理膳食:维生素C、叶黄素、玉米黄素和脂肪酸等;(2)生活方式的管理,例如:戒烟和体重管理;(3)减少光照暴露,如太阳眼镜及滤波人工晶状体;(4)早期筛查.     

Tissue factor with age-related macular degeneration

Wet age-related macular degeneration which incidence increases year by year is a blinding eye disease, but current clinical methods of treatment on this disease arelimited and the outcome is not ideal. Recent studies have found abnormally high expression of tissue factors which are targets for the treatment of wet age-related macular degeneration to achieve a certain effect in the choroidal neovascularization. Related literatures are reviewed as following.     

补体因子H基因在年龄相关性黄斑变性中的研究进展

年龄相关性黄斑变性( age-related macular degeneration, AMD)是50岁以上的人视力不可逆性损害的主要原因之一,遗传因素在AMD的发生、发展中起重要的作用。近年来研究发现,补体因子H( complement factor H,CFH)基因与AMD的发生有明显的相关性,现就补体因子H在老年黄斑变性中的研究进展进行综述。     

年龄相关性黄斑变性免疫学发病机制的研究进展

免疫作用在年龄相关性黄斑变性(AMD)的玻璃膜疣形成、视网膜色素上皮萎缩、脉络膜新生血管形成等病变形成过程中贯穿始终.视网膜为免疫赦免器官并维持自身免疫稳态,该稳态失衡时免疫反应过度则演变为慢性炎症,持久的炎症反应可导致眼内炎症细胞积累、补体分子积累、免疫复合物沉积,造成组织损伤.目前认为,免疫产物沉积于眼主要涉及慢性炎症、亚炎症、自我吞噬功能失代偿等机制.本文就近年来在视网膜老化、免疫异常、自我吞噬作用与AMD发生发展相关的研究进展做一综述.     

Vascular endothelial growth factor and its inhibitor in age-related macular degeneration

Intraocular angiogenesis is considered the leading cause for severe loss of vision, and contributes to many ocular diseases such as neovascular age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, and retinopathy of prematurity, the main causes of blindness in developed countries.¹ An enormous body of work has demonstrated that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a prominent role as mediator in the procedure of pathological angiogenesis. This makes VEGF a potential target for the medical therapies of retinal angiogenesis and some clinical trials have proved the efficacy of anti-VEGF strategies. This review evaluates the role of VEGF in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration and provides an overview of recent developments in therapeutic modalities.     

Progress of clinical therapies for dry age-related macular degeneration

Dry age-related macular degeneration(AMD)is a progressive blinding disease that currently affects millions of people worldwide with no successful treatment available.Significant research efforts are currently underway to develop therapies aimed at slowing the progression of this disease or,more notably,reversing it.Here the therapies which have reached clinical trial for treatment of dry AMD were reviewed.A thorough search of Pub Med,Embase,and Clinicaltrials.gov has led to a comprehensive collection of the most recent strategies being evaluated.This review also endeavors to assess the status and future directions of therapeutics for this debilitating condition.     

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor in patients with advanced age-related macular degeneration

AIM: To investigate the serum level of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and healthy control subjects. The disruption in the tight balance of neuroinflammatory and neuroprotective processes in an immune-privileged site like retina is proposed to contribute to the pathogenesis of AMD. One of the main neuroprotective mediators in the central nervous system is BDNF with its serum level notably affected in several neurodegenerative disorders.METHODS:Thirty-six patients with AMD and 36 age-matched controls were enrolled in this study. The serum level of BDNF was measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Results were analyzed to compare case and control values. Comparisons were also made between the BDNF level of wet- vs dry-AMD, and male vs female patients and controls. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Student’s t-test were employed to analyze the data.RESULTS: The mean BDNF levels in AMD group were significantly higher than the control group. Furthermore, our analysis revealed greater BDNF values in all AMD subgroups compared to controls (P=0.004, 0.005, 0.001 and 0.02 for male wet-AMD, male dry-AMD, female wet-AMD and female dry-AMD vs controls, respectively). The BDNF level however did not vary between wet- and dry-AMD patients (P=0.74). While within-group comparisons in males and females of AMD and control groups did not show any difference in BDNF (P=0.16, 0.64 and 0.85 for wet-AMD, dry-AMD and control groups, respectively), between-group data showed a higher mean BDNF in both male and female AMD subjects than their peer controls.CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that the serum BDNF level is different in patients with AMD as compared to subjects without AMD. Future attempts should be done to unravel beneficial or deleterious effect of this neurotrophin in the pathogenesis of AMD.     

Development of age-related macular degeneration experimental models

We reviews different experimental models of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) used in recent studies. The most widely used one is Laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV), which represents the late severe stage in the exudative form of AMD. Other models are based on several different pathogenesis, like geographic atrophy, drusen formation or multifactorial effects, like age, light, high fat, etc. It is hoped that this article could become a good reference for researchers who need to choose suitable models for AMD study.     

年龄相关性黄斑变性的治疗研究进展

年龄相关性黄斑变性(age-related macular degeneration,AMD)又称为老年性黄斑变性,常伴有进行性视力损害,严重影响老年人的生存质量,是全世界第三位不可逆性致盲眼病。虽然AMD目前尚未成为我国人群致盲的首要原因,但是随着社会的老龄化,AMD在我国的发病率也逐渐升高。近年来,国内外学者对AMD进行了大量深入的研究,对本病有了更进一步的认识,现就AMD目前有关的治疗方法及其进展做一综述。