高场MRIFLAIR及SWI序列在蛛网膜下腔出血诊断中的价值

目的 :探讨高场MRI FLAIR及SWI序列在蛛网膜下腔出血(subarachnoid hemorrhage,SAH)诊断中的价值。方法 :回顾性分析我院47例分别行高场MRI和CT检查的SAH患者的临床和影像资料,比较CT、MRI常规序列、FLAIR和SWI对不同类型病变的显示情况。结果:MRI FLAIR序列显示SAH呈高信号影,而在SWI序列上均呈不同程度的低信号。T1WI、T2WI对于急性SAH检出率较低,对于亚急性SAH和陈旧性SAH检出率更低;CT对急性SAH和亚急性SAH的检出率分别为75.00%和52.94%;SWI、FLAIR对急性SAH的检出率分别为100%和93.75%,对亚急性SAH的检出率分别为94.12%和82.35%,对陈旧性SAH的检出率分别为100%和92.86%,均明显高于CT和T1WI、T2WI序列,SWI、FLAIR联合诊断准确率为100%,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:高场MRI FLAIR和SWI对SAH诊断敏感性高,具有较好的诊断价值,应常规应用。     

蛛网膜下腔出血磁共振成像与CT的对照研究

目的：利用磁敏感加权成像（SWI）、液体衰减反转恢复（FLAIR）、CT诊断蛛网膜下腔出血（SAH）,进一步比较联合磁共振成像（MRI） SWI/FLAIR与CT比较评估MRI是否优于CT。方法25例经临床证实的蛛网膜下腔出血的患者纳入本研究,所有患者均在发病3 d内进行CT、MRI检查。观察CT及MRI图片,将蛛网膜下腔分为8个区进行分析。结果总共145个区域被诊断为SAH,CT诊断了105个区域（72．4％）, FLAIR诊断了125个区域（86．2％）,SWI诊断了137个区域（94.5％）,FLAIR联合SWI诊断了135个区域（93．1％）。结论 FLAIR、SWI对于SAH的显示优于CT,FLAIR对颞枕部病灶的显示具有优势,SWI对中央区域的SAH比较敏感,将FLAIR、SWI两者融合,可以互补,能更准确地诊断SHA。     

自发性蛛网膜下腔出血的放射学进展

自发性蛛网膜下腔出血是指除外伤原因之外的蛛网膜下腔出血(简称SAH)。近年来随着医学影象学的发展,许多新技术的应用(如CT、DSA、B超、MRI、PET等)以及常规检查方法的不断改进(如脑血管造影等),SAH的放射学诊断取得了很大进展。本文概述近期有关文献。     

64排CT灌注及血管成像对蛛网膜下腔出血后脑血管痉挛的诊断价值

目的：探讨64排CT脑血流灌注（ CTP）联合CT脑血管成像（ CTA）在判断蛛网膜下腔出血患者脑血管痉挛诊断中的价值。方法收集蛛网膜下腔出血患者37例,通过64排螺旋CTP及CTA检查,检出脑动脉瘤,同时以灌注参数评估蛛网膜下腔出血后脑血管痉挛的变化情况。结果研究中37例患者,CTA检出动脉瘤35例38个,CTP联合CTA检查,共检出血管痉挛23例,出血后急性期（3天）,检出血管痉挛5例,其余为出血后4～10天检出,其中有7例轻度脑血管痉挛,8例患者为中度脑血管痉挛,8例显示为重度脑血管痉挛,未检出血管痉挛14例中,发生局部脑低灌注者6例。结论 CTA联合CTP检查不仅能够诊断SAH原因,并能同时显示SAH后脑血管痉挛的情况,有助于对SAH患者预后的判断,同时给临床治疗提供指导。     

高场磁共振磁敏感加权成像联合液体衰减恢复序列对蛛网膜下腔出血的诊断价值

目的：评价高场磁共振磁敏感加权成像（SWI）联合液体衰减恢复序列（FLAIR）对蛛网膜下腔出血（SAH）的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析50例经磁共振诊断为蛛网膜下腔出血的患者MR表现,行常规T1WI、T2WI扫描及FLAIR、SWI序列扫描。结果50例蛛网膜下腔出血患者FLAIR及SWI均可显示,FLAIR表现为脑沟裂池内高信号,SWI为低信号,6例患者T1WI可见高信号蛛网膜下腔出血,T2WI无一例显示。结论常规MR序列诊断SAH准确率不高,FLAIR联合SWI对SAH敏感性高,诊断准确率高,可作为诊断SAH的常规序列组合。     

超声和CT在诊断新生儿颅内出血中的价值

目的探讨新生儿颅内出血中超声和CT的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析从2014年11月～2017年8月在我院出生并收治儿科ICU室临床怀疑颅内出血患儿568例,超声于生后1～7天内检查,CT于14天内检查,观察比较二者诊断价值。以MRI结果为标准或根据新生儿颅内出血的诊断标准,分别计算超声和CT的敏感性、特异性和准确性。结果 568例患儿经临床证实为颅内出血的有556例,其中,室管膜下出血340例,蛛网膜下腔出血86例,硬膜下出血51例,脑实质合并脑室内出血79例。超声诊断颅内出血506例,其中室管膜下出血340例,蛛网膜下腔出血54例,硬膜下出血40例,脑实质合并脑室内出血72例。误诊1例,漏诊51例。诊断的敏感性为90. 8%,特异性为91. 7%,准确性为90. 8%; CT诊断颅内出血534例,其中室管膜下出血318例,蛛网膜下腔出血86例,硬膜下出血51例,脑实质合并脑室内出血79例。误诊0例,漏诊22例。诊断的敏感性为96. 0%,特异性为100%,准确性为96. 1%。结论早期颅内出血超声可作为筛查手段;超声对室管膜下出血敏感性高于CT,可作为首选检查方法;对于蛛网膜下腔出血、少量脑实质出血及硬膜下出血,CT优势于超声。     

兔急性少量蛛网膜下腔出血的模型建立及影像学表现

目的 拟通过动物实验,对比分析CT和MR常规序列对急性少量蛛网膜下腔出血(SAH)的诊断敏感度,以期发现更为敏感的检查方法.方法 选用新西兰大耳白兔18只,随机分为实验组(A组、B组)、对照组(C组)采用枕大池穿刺一次注血法建立SAH模型,分别于术后2 h、48 h行CT和MR扫描,记录CT和MR常规序列对SAH的显示.结果 ①实验组A组、B组MR FLAIR序列诊断兔急性少量SAH的敏感度较MR T1WI、T2WI及CT均高;MR FLAIR序列与CT比较,两者差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).②对照组C组未见SAH.结论 ①本研究成功建立了"枕大池一次注血法"兔SAH模型,为后续的影像学研究奠定了基础.②MR FLAIR序列对急性少量SAH的诊断较CT更为敏感,可常规用于急性少量SAH的诊断.     

中枢神经系统白血病的CT及MRI主要表现

目的 分析经临床证实的11例中枢神经系统白血病的CT及MRI表现,探讨其影像学特征,增进对该病的认识,为临床诊断提供依据.方法 回顾性分析经临床证实的11例中枢神经系统白血病CT及MRI的影像学表现.其中4例CT平扫后行MRI平扫及增强扫描检查;其余7例直接行MRI平扫或平扫+增强扫描检查.结果 ①白血病浸润软脑膜5例,CT表现为脑沟、脑池消失,内可见条状低密度灶,对应MRI表现为T1WI呈低信号,T2WI/FLAIR呈高信号,脑回肿胀,DWI呈稍高信号,增强后明显强化;合并蛛网膜下腔出血1例.②脑实质浸润6例,单发肿块2例,余均为多发,MRI表现T1WI低信号,T2WI/FLAIR高信号,DWI高信号,无明显占位效应,增强后明显强化;其中3例合并出血.③硬脑膜受累1例,累及额部板障,CT表现为软组织密度灶,MRI表现为软组织信号灶,增强后明显强化.结论 中枢神经系统白血病影像学表现有一定的特征性,影像学检查尤其是MRI增强检查有助于对中枢神经系统白血病表现的认识,以及诊断及鉴别诊断.     

蛛网膜下腔出血58例CT分析

本文通过对58例蛛网膜下腔出血（SAH）的CT图像分析，认为SAH的CT表现主要为广泛性SAH（23例）和局限性SAH（26例）,另有CT检查正常的SAH（9例），需结合临床表现及腰穿结果进行诊断，并且认为SAH的CT表现与出血原因、出血量、部位以及出血时间有密切关系，对临床疑有SAH的患者，CT应做为首选检查方法的问题进行讨论。     

MR FLAIR序列对急性蛛网膜下腔出血的诊断价值

目的评价MR液体衰减反转恢复(fluid attenuated inversion recovery,FLAIR)序列对急性蛛网膜下腔出血(subarachnoid hemorrhage,SAH)的诊断价值。资料与方法30例无颅脑疾病者和65例急性SAH患者在发病3天内行头MRI检查,观察急性SAH在FLAIR序列上的信号表现及CT表现,将两种检查结果进行比较。对颅脑正常者和SAH的FLAIR图像进行双盲分析,以评价FLAIR对SAH的诊断价值。结果MRFLAIR序列对急性SAH的显示率为96.9%(63/65),明显高于CT显示率(80.0%,52/65)。结论MRFLAIR序列对急性SAH的诊断优于CT,应作为常规检查方法。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.