不同浓度氟对大鼠肝、肾功能及氧化应激的影响

目的:研究不同浓度氟对大鼠肝、肾功能及氧化应激的影响.方法:在饮水中加入不同剂量的氟化钠喂饲大鼠4个月后,检测血清内反映肝、肾功能的指标,测定血清、肝和肾的丙二醛(MDA)含量及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)活性.结果:与对照组比较,不同浓度的氟使大鼠血清、肝和肾的MDA含量逐渐升高,SOD、GR活性逐渐下降;但氟对大鼠的肝、肾功能的影响不明显.结论:慢性氟中毒可损伤机体的抗氧化功能,但对大鼠肝、肾功能的损害不明显.     

少龄、老龄小白鼠脏器超氧化物岐化酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶和过氧化脂质含量测定

作者对3月龄和13～16月龄昆明种雌性小白鼠部分脏器组织中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH－Px）活力和脂质过氧化降解产物丙二醛（MDA）含量进行了测定．结果显示，老龄组小鼠肝、肾、心肌组织SOD活力，肾、肝组织和全血中GSH－Px活力显著低于少龄组；而肝、心肌组织中MAD含量显著高于少龄组。老龄组小鼠肾组织中MAD含量和少龄组比较，差别无显著性。提示随着增龄．小鼠机体抗氧化功能逐渐减弱，抑制脂质过氧化反应的能力降低．     

三七对严重烫伤大鼠肝组织脂质过氧化影响的探讨

目的：探讨三七对烫伤大鼠肝组织脂质过氧化的影响及保护作用。方法：采用大鼠40％体表面积（TBSA）Ⅲ度烫伤模型，通过检测大鼠严重烫 伤后肝组织内丙二醛（MDA）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH－PX）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）的改变，观察三七对烫伤大鼠的保护作用。结果：40％TBSAⅢ度烫伤后大鼠肝组织内MDA显著升高，GSH－PX和SOD活力显著降低，三七治疗组大鼠肝组织内MDA含量显著降低，GSH－PX和SOD活力显著升高，与单烫伤组比较各指标均有显著性差异。结论：烫伤后肝组织内脂质过氧化增强，抗氧化能力减弱，三七具有较强的抗氧化、抗自由基损伤的保护作用。     

少龄,老龄小白鼠脏器超氧化物岐化酶,谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶…

作者对３月龄和１３￣１６月龄昆明种雌性小白鼠部分脏器组织中超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ），谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ）活力和脂质过氧化降解产物丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量进行了测定。结果显示，老龄组小鼠肝、肾、心肌组织ＳＯＤ活力，肾，肝组织和全血中ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ活力显著低于少龄组；而肝、心肌组织中ＭＡＤ含量显著高于少龄组。老龄组小鼠肾组织中ＭＡＤ含量和少龄组比较，差别无显著性。提示随着增龄，小鼠机体抗氧化功     

清肝利胆口服液对酒精性肝损伤的保护作用

目的：研究清肝利胆口服液对酒精性肝损伤的保护作用。方法：采用白酒制备大鼠酒精性肝损伤模型,清肝利胆口服液按高、低剂量灌胃。连续8周,测定血清天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）、丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT）的含量,检测肝组织丙二醛（MDA）及还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）的含量,并观察肝脏的病理组织学改变。结果：清肝利胆口服液组可显著降低大鼠血清AST、ALT含量。与肝损模型组比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01或P〈0．05）;受试样品高、低剂量组大鼠肝组织的MDA含量均值均低于肝损模型组;GSH含量均高于肝损模型组;肝组织病理学改变较肝损模型组显著减轻。结论：清肝利胆口服液对大鼠酒精性肝损伤具有保护作用,呈一定的量效关系。     

氟化物对小鼠脂质过氧化和抗氧化能力的影响

按三组不同剂量氟(F~-)摄入在小鼠中进行实验。结果,两低剂量组小鼠血浆谷胱甘肽过氧化酶活性显著升高,肝组织中此酶的活性亦呈升高趋势,肝组织丙二醛和巯基含量变化不明显,提示为期1mo短期摄入低剂量F~-可增强抗脂质过氧化作用。     

胸腺因子D对实验性大鼠肝纤维化防治作用的研究

目的 研究胸腺因子Ｄ（ＴＦＤ）的体内抗肝纤维化作用。方法 用四氯化碳（ＣＣＬ４）复制大鼠肝纤维化模型；造模开始或造模３０ｄ后予ＴＦＤ；实验结束后分别测定肝功能、纤维化指标（Ⅱ型前胶原、透明质酸和层粘连素）、肝组织中谷胱甘肽、超氧化物岐化酶及丙二醛含量，并作肝病理检查。结果 ＴＦＤ可显著减轻ＣＣｌ４肝纤维化程度，能明显降低血清Ⅱ型胶胶原、透明质酸、层粘连素和肝组织中丙二醛含量；显著提高谷胱甘肽和超氧     

稳恒磁场对小鼠肝肾组织脂质过氧化的影响

目的：研究稳恒磁场对小鼠肝、肾组织中脂质过氧化水平的影响。方法：利用10～60mT稳恒磁场作用于小鼠，每天4h，第30d处死小鼠分别测定肝、肾组织中脂质过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)含量。结果：经10～30mT暴露磁感应强度未引起小鼠肝、肾组织中MDA正常；当暴露磁感应强度为40～60mT时肝、肾组织脂质过氧化有明显增加。结论：提示当小鼠长期暴露于稳恒磁场40～60mT时，肝、肾组织中MDA有不同程度改变，这些改变与稳恒磁场暴露的强度有关。     

氟、硒、镉染毒对大鼠体内微量元素的影响

目的 研究氟、硒镉染毒对大鼠体内微量元素的影响。方法 采用氟、硒、镉单独或联合染毒后，检测大鼠血清，肝，肾，睾丸等组织中铁，硒，锌，镉4种微量元素的含量。结果 过量的氟，硒，镉都可引起大鼠各组织中铁含量的显著增加，并且三者表现出协同作用；硒和镉能导致各组织中相应含量的增加，特别是主要分布器官可成数倍的浓集。过量氟，镉可引起各组织中硒，锌的缺乏，硒则可使肝，肾，睾丸中锌水平普遍提高。氟＋硒，镉＋硒以及氟＋硒＋镉联合可减少肾硒，肝镉的蓄集，同时也可减少氟，镉所致锌的损失。结论 氟、硒、镉对锌、硒、镉的影响表现为相互拮抗作用。     

氟、硒、镉致大鼠脂质过氧化和抗氧化能力的研究

目的 探讨氟、硒、镉对大鼠体内脂质过氧化物(LPO)含量及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH—Px)活性的影响。方法 采用饮水给毒亚急性动物毒理实验，测定其血清、肝、肾及睾丸中LPO、GSH——Px的含量。结果 过量氟、硒、镉可诱导大鼠血清、肝组织中LPO含量显著增加，GSH——Px活性显著降低。氟、镉对肾脏和睾丸具有同样的作用，而硒则不明显。氟、硒、镉任意二者联合实验组较氟硒镉分别实验组LPO含量显著降低，GSH—Pk水平显著增高，氟、硒、镉三联实验组较二联实验组的这种作用更强，其LPO、GSH——Px的含量与对照组接近。结论 提示过量的氟、硒、镉均可促进动物体内脂质过氧化作用增强，并抑制GSH—Px的活性，使机体抗氧化能力降低。但当氟硒镉任意二种或三种元素共存时，表现为相互拮抗作用，从而减轻或消除对机体的损害作用。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.