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目的评价一次性全口龈下刮治和根面平整(full-mouth scaling and root planning,FM-SRP)与传统的分区龈下刮治和根面平整(quadrant scaling and root planning,Q-SRP)相比较是否更有利于慢性牙周炎临床指数的改善。方法将2008年9月至2009年6月沈阳市口腔医院牙周黏膜科收治的30例慢性牙周炎患者随机分为2组,每组15例。FM-SRP组在24h内完成全口所有象限的刮治和根面平整,而Q-SRP组每周进行1个象限的刮治,连续4周完成全口治疗。分别在基线和3个月时,检测菌斑指数(PLI)、龈沟出血指数(SBI)、探诊深度(PD)及附着丧失(AL)的变化,比较两种治疗方法的临床疗效。结果与基线时相比,两种治疗方式在3个月时的所有临床牙周指数均有显著改善(P<0.01),但两组之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 FM-SRP和Q-SRP两种方法可达到相同的临床效果,临床医生可以根据实际情况灵活选择任何一种治疗方法。     

一次性全口龈下刮治与分区龈下刮治的临床效果及术后全身反应的研究现状

龈下刮治及根面平整是牙周基础治疗的主要方法,可有效去除龈下病原微生物,改变龈下菌群生态环境,达到治疗目的。临床医生通常采用的是分区龈下刮治及根面平整（quadrant scaling and root planning Q-SRP）的方法,即将全口分为4个象限,间隔一定时间分次治疗。     

光动力疗法辅助治疗Ⅲ期、Ⅳ期牙周炎的临床效果评价

目的: 探讨光动力疗法（photodynamic therapy,PDT）辅助龈下刮治术（subgingival scaling and root planning,SRP）在Ⅲ、Ⅳ期牙周炎治疗中的临床效果。方法: 根据2018年牙周病新分类,选择Ⅲ期和Ⅳ期牙周炎患者,经龈上洁治1周后,记录牙周探诊深度（probing depth, PD）、牙龈指数（gingival index, GI）和探诊出血（bleeding on probing,BOP）为基线。将患者分为3组,SRP组进行SRP治疗;PDT1组在SRP后即刻对口内所有PD≥5 mm的位点进行PDT;PDT2组在SRP+PDT后6周,对原位点再进行1次PDT。基线治疗后3、6个月复查,比较PD、GI和BOP阳性率的变化。采用SPSS 22.0软件包对数据进行统计学分析。结果: 共纳入30例患者、1 289个位点。SRP组、PDT1组和PDT2组各10例患者,位点数分别为476个（36.9%）、384个（29.8%）和429个（33.3%）。3组治疗后3个月、6个月复查时,PD、GI、BOP阳性率较基线均显著降低（P<0.05）; 6个月与3个月的复查结果无显著差异。PD≥5 mm的位点,PDT1组和PDT2组可以显著降低患牙的GI和BOP阳性率（P<0.05）;PD≥7 mm时,PDT2组PD显著降低（P<0.05）。结论: 对于Ⅲ、Ⅳ期牙周炎,PDT辅助SRP治疗可以获得比单纯SRP更好的临床效果。     

米诺环素对慢性牙周炎辅助治疗的疗效观察

目的 评价牙周袋局部应用米诺环素软膏联合刮治和根面平整治疗慢性牙周炎的疗效。方法 64名患中到重度慢性牙周炎的男性吸烟者随机分成SRP和SRP+M两组。对SRP组患者施行刮治和根面平整,对SRP+M组患者在刮治和根面平整的基础上,牙周袋局部应用米诺环素软膏。记录两组患者在基线、3个月和6个月时的菌斑指数（PlI）、牙龈指数（GI）、探诊出血（BOP）、探诊深度（PD）及附着丧失（AL）的变化并进行统计学分析。结果 治疗过程中有6例患者被排除,有效病例数为58例,每组29例。牙周治疗3个月和6个月后,两组患者的PlI、GI和BOP均无统计学差异（P>0.05）,但PD和AL有统计学差异（P<0.05）。治疗后3个月SRP组PD下降1.32 mm,AL减轻1.14 mm;而SRP+M组PD下降1.98 mm,AL减轻1.87 mm。对于基线检查PD≥7 mm的深牙周袋,治疗后3个月SRP组PD下降2.21 mm,AL减轻1.23 mm;而SRP+M组PD下降3.48 mm,AL减轻2.62 mm。治疗后6个月PD和AL状况与3个月相比变化不大。与SRP组相比,SRP+M组临床症状改善更明显。结论 龈下局部应用米诺环素软膏辅助治疗慢性牙周炎可取得较好的疗效,特别是对于有深牙周袋、吸烟的牙周炎患者,机械治疗联合局部应用缓释抗菌素较单纯机械治疗的疗效更好。     

一次性全口龈下刮治和根面平整术治疗慢性牙周炎的Meta分析

目的:评价比较一次性全口龈下刮治和根面平整术(FM-SRP)和传统的分象限刮治法(Q-SRP)治疗慢性牙周炎的疗效和安全性。方法:计算机检索Cochrane图书馆、MEDLINE、EMbase、CBM、CNKI、VIP等数据库,收集相关随机对照试验。由两名评价者独立评价研究质量和提取数据,对同质研究采用RevMan5.2软件进行Meta分析。结果:最终纳入10个RCT,Meta分析结果显示FM-SRP和Q-SRP在降低探诊深度、改善附着水平和探诊出血、以及术后反应发生率方面的差异无统计学意义。FM-SRP组患者的术后疼痛程度高于Q-SRP组,差异有统计学意义[MD=1.12,95%CI(0.60,1.64)]。结论:FM-SRP治疗慢性牙周炎的疗效与Q-SRP相当,但术后疼痛程度较高,医生应根据实际情况选择。     

阿莫西林与甲硝唑联合龈下刮治和根面平整术治疗侵袭性牙周炎的短期疗效观察

目的观察龈下刮治和根面平整术（scaling and root planing,SRP）联合应用阿莫西林和甲硝唑治疗侵袭性牙周炎的短期临床疗效。方法采取随机法将30例侵袭性牙周炎患者分为单纯机械洁刮治的对照组与机械洁刮治联合药物治疗的试验组。分别在治疗前、治疗后3个月检查记录探诊出血（bleeding on probing,BOP）、探诊深度（probing depth,PD）及临床附着丧失（clinical attachment loss,CAL）情况,对所得数据进行统计学分析。结果 2组治疗3个月后BOP阳性率、PD、CAL均较治疗前明显改善。对照组患牙的平均PD值为（3.2±0.6）mm,试验组为（2.7±0.5）mm,2组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;30例患者治疗后CAL均有改善,平均改善0.96 mm;试验组PD〈5 mm的平均位点百分比的增加值明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论 SRP联合应用阿莫西林和甲硝唑治疗侵袭性牙周炎短期效果显著优于单纯SRP治疗,临床指标得到明显改善。     

二次牙周龈下刮治与牙周翻瓣术短期临床疗效比较

目的比较二次牙周龈下刮治和根面平整（scaling and root planning,SRP）与牙周翻瓣术治疗慢性牙周炎的短期临床疗效。方法选取牙周基础治疗3个月后牙周探诊深度为5～7mm的前牙或前磨牙共52颗作为研究对象,随机分为2组,二次SRP组行龈下刮治和根面平整术,翻瓣组进行改良Widman翻瓣术。分别在治疗前、治疗后3个月和6个月,检查记录探诊出血（bleeding on probing,BOP）、探诊深度（probing depth,PD）、牙龈退缩（gingival recession,GR）及临床附着水平（clinical attachment level,CAL）,并比较分析。结果二次SRP组和翻瓣组患牙的BOP阳性率、PD、GR、CAL治疗前分别为91.30%、（5.60±0.99）mm、（0.37±0.49）mm、（5.98±1.17）mm和92.13%、（5.87±1.02）mm、（0.30±0.47）mm、（6.03±1.30）mm,治疗后6个月分别为17.39%、（2.87±0.78）mm、（2.00±0.62）mm、（5.07±1.01）mm和11.23%、（2.53±0.51）mm、（2.36±0.68）mm、（4.89±0.84）mm,2组治疗后6个月各项指标与治疗前比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。治疗后6个月2组间BOP阳性率、PD及CAL比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,但翻瓣组GR明显高于二次SRP组（P〈0.05）。结论对于前牙或前磨牙,二次SRP与牙周翻瓣术可达到相同的治疗效果,翻瓣术后牙龈退缩较二次牙周龈下刮治和根面平整后明显。     

全口超声龈下刮治两次法对轻中度慢性牙周炎老年患者的近期疗效观察

目的:观察全口超声龈下刮治两次法对轻中度牙周炎的治疗效果。方法:按病例纳入标准选择年龄60岁以上、轻中度牙周炎患者42例,经口腔卫生宣教、超声龈上洁治术后,进行基线检查:牙龈出血指数(GBI),探针出血(BOP)阳性位点,牙周探诊深度(PD)及附着水平(AL),然后进行两次全口超声龈下刮治。术后1个月、3个月复查。所得数据进行配对t检验,统计学分析各临床指标治疗前后的变化。结果:术后1个月的PD由治疗前平均3.18 mm减少至平均2.45 mm(P<0.05),附着水平由平均4.51 mm提高至平均3.34mm(P<0.05),术后3个月的PD及AL分别为2.37 mm(P<0.05)及3.27 mm(P<0.05)。GBI术前平均为3.17,术后一个月及三个月分别减少至1.67(P<0.05)及1.82(P<0.05)。BOP阳性率由术前的37.2%,在术后一个月及三个月分别下降至13.2%(P<0.05)和16.8%(P<0.05)。结论:全口超声龈下刮治两次法短期可改善老年轻中度牙周炎患者的牙龈出血及附着水平,牙周袋探诊深度也有减少的趋势,同时相对于传统的分区龈下刮治及根面平整术,可减少患者复诊次数。     

龈下刮治配合补肾固齿丸治疗中、重度牙周炎的短期疗效评价

目的：探讨龈下刮治配合补肾固齿丸对中、重度牙周炎的短期治疗效果。方法：纳入中、重度牙周炎患者共44例,随机分为两组,每位患者选择2颗指数牙。所有患者试验前均进行龈上洁治和龈下刮治,试验组同时给予口服补肾固齿丸4g／次,2次／日,连服3个月。测定治疗前后指数牙的探诊出血（BOP）、探诊深度（PD）、附着丧失（AL）及其牙槽骨平均灰度值（MGVs）。结果：试验组BOP阳性率、PD和AL均较治疗前有明显下降（P〈0．05）,而MGVs升高（尸〈0．05）。对照组治疗后BOP阳性率和PD明显降低（P〈0．05）,但AL及MGVs无明显改善（P〉0．05）。试验组与对照组对中、重度牙周炎的短期疗效有显著差异@〈0．05）。结论：龈下刮治配合口服补肾固齿丸治疗中、重度牙周炎的短期疗效明显优于单纯龈下刮治组,可能与补。肾固齿丸能促进牙槽骨新骨形成、降低AL有关。     

重度广泛型侵袭性牙周炎患者牙周序列治疗的临床研究

目的：观察重度广泛型侵袭性牙周炎（generalized aggressive periodontitis, GAgP）患者牙周序列治疗后临床指标的变化,并评价其治疗效果。方法：15例GAgP患者在龈上洁治后1个月内完成龈下刮治、根面平整及光动力治疗,刮治后4周再评估,行翻瓣及翻瓣植骨术,每3个月进行1次牙周维护,序列治疗后纵向观察12个月。在基线和维护期各时间点记录全口探诊深度（probing depth,PD）、探诊出血（bleeding on probing, BOP）和牙齿松动度,磨牙记录根分叉病变的程度。结果：在基线时患者平均PD（3．96±2．21）mm,BOP阳性位点占88．1％。序列治疗后12个月平均PD（2．36±1．28）mm,BOP阳性位点减少至8．7％,其中轻、中、重度位点治疗后PD值与治疗前比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：GAgP患者经牙周序列治疗和定期牙周维护能取得良好的治疗效果。     

一次完成与分次完成龈下刮治的短期疗效观察

目的：比较一次完成和分次完成龈下刮治治疗牙周炎的短期临床疗效。方法：30例中度牙周炎患者，进行洁治和口腔卫生指导后随机分为两组，实验组为一次性完成龈下刮治，洗必泰含漱；对照组为传统的分4次完成龈下刮治，每次间隔1周。记录各组刮治前，治疗后6周的改良龈沟出血指数（SBI）、探诊深度（PD）、附着丧失（AL）等相关指标。结果：一次性和分次完成龈下刮治均使SBI、PD、AL等指标明显改善，但实验组与对照组相比较SBI、PD、AL等指标明无统计学差异。结论：一次和分次完成龈下刮治治疗牙周炎疗效肯定，一次性龈下刮治较传统的分次法治疗周期短，复诊次数少，提高患者的依从性，值得在临床上推广。     

Clinical effects of scaling and root planing with an adjunctive periodontal endoscope for residual pockets: a randomized controlled clinical study

目的 比较牙周内窥镜辅助龈下刮治和根面平整（SRP）与传统SRP对慢性牙周炎患者基础治疗后残留牙周袋的临床疗效。方法 将牙周基础治疗后口内每个区至少有1个位点探诊深度（PD）≥5 mm的患者纳入研究,随机分为内窥镜组和SRP组,分别对残留牙周袋位点进行内窥镜辅助SRP治疗和传统SRP治疗。在治疗前（基线）、治疗后3、6个月检查PD、探诊出血（BOP）和附着丧失（AL）,采用SPSS 20.0统计学软件对数据进行统计分析。结果 与基线相比,治疗后3、6个月内窥镜组及SRP组PD≥5 mm位点百分比、PD、AL、BOP阳性位点百分比均降低（P<0.05）。治疗后6个月与3个月相比,内窥镜组PD≥5 mm位点百分比、PD、AL、BOP阳性位点百分比均降低（P<0.05）,而SRP组差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。与SRP组相比,内窥镜组治疗后3及6个月PD≥5 mm位点百分比、PD均降低,治疗后6个月AL、BOP阳性位点百分比降低（P<0.05）。结论 牙周内窥镜辅助SRP对于基础治疗后的残留牙周袋（PD≥5 mm）的临床疗效优于传统SRP,尤其具有更好的远期预后。     

黄连水提取物药膜辅助治疗慢性牙周炎的疗效评价

目的:制备并探讨黄连药膜对慢性牙周炎的辅助治疗作用。方法:应用黄连水提取物制备药膜;将30例患有中到重度慢性牙周炎患者的各4颗牙随机分为4组:黄连药膜组、碘甘油组、空白药膜对照组和空白对照组。在基线、4周和7周时分别检测菌斑指数(PI)、探诊深度(PD)、附着丧失(AL)和探诊出血(BOP)等牙周病的临床指标。对资料进行方差分析和卡方检验。结果:各组在4周和7周时,探诊深度、附着丧失和探诊出血与基线比较均有显著性差异(P<0.05);黄连药膜组治疗效果优于其他各组(P<0.05),且治疗结束后,各项指标呈继续改善状态。结论:机械治疗后,应用黄连药膜辅助治疗,可以显著提高牙周炎的治疗效果。     

内窥镜辅助下微创牙周基础治疗的临床疗效评价

目的 探讨牙周内窥镜辅助下超声龈下刮治及根面平整(subgingival scaling and root planning,SRP)对重度牙周炎治疗的临床疗效.方法 选取2017年6月至2019年1月于南京大学医学院附属口腔医院就诊的Ⅲ-Ⅳ期牙周炎患者19例,随机分为内窥镜组及对照组.内窥镜组在龈上洁治术1周后,牙周...     

四环素透明质酸凝胶辅助治疗慢性牙周炎的疗效观察

目的：观察四环素透明质酸凝胶辅助治疗牙周炎的临床疗效。方法：采用口内自身对照研究方法，选择68名牙周炎病人共200个牙周袋分为四环素透明质酸凝胶实验组和对照组。实验组患牙行洁治、刮治、根面平整后，龈下辅助给予四环素透明质酸凝胶，对照组仅作洁治、刮治、根面平整，观察两组患牙的临床指标（PLI、SBI、PD、AL、MD）和龈下菌斑螺旋体构成比的动态变化。结果：两组患牙各临床指标在治疗后均显著改善，治疗后4周，对照组PD、AL、MD及龈下菌斑螺旋体的构成比与治疗后1周相比无显著差异。结论：慢性牙周炎在基础治疗上，龈下局部应用四环素透明质酸凝胶辅助治疗牙周炎可取得较好的疗效。     

The effects of adjunctive use of a desiccant agent in the treatment of stage III periodontitis (Randomized controlled clinical trial)

IntroductionSeveral bacterial species inhabiting the dental plaque biofilms are associated with periodontitis.ObjectiveThe main objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of the desiccant agent HYBENX (HBX) as an adjunct to scaling and root planning (SRPX) versus scaling and root planning (SRP) alone in the treatment of periodontitis.Materials and MethodsThe study sample comprised 25 patients with periodontitis stage Ш (grades A and B). Each maxillary quadrant was randomly allocated to two groups: SRPX group, including 25 quadrants treated with SRP plus HYBENX, and SRP group, including 25 quadrants treated with SRP alone. The following clinical periodontal parameters were recorded at baseline (immediately after treatment, T0), and 1 month (T1), 3 months (T3), and 6 months (T6) after treatment: probing pocket depth (PPD), relative attachment level (RAL), plaque index (PLI), gingival index (GI), gingival height (GH), and bleeding on probing index (BOP).ResultsComparisons within each study group showed that all clinical parameters significantly improved (P < 0.001) at all follow-up intervals. In contrast, a statistically significant difference (P < 0.001) was observed in RAL, PPD, BOP, and GI indices at all follow-up intervals between the SRPX and SRP groups. In contrast, no significant differences (P > 0.05) were found in GH and PLI between the study groups.ConclusionBoth treatment groups showed improved periodontal parameters. However, applying desiccant gel as an adjunct to SRP was significantly effective in the treatment of stage III periodontitis.     

Scaling and root planing, systemic metronidazole and professional plaque removal in the treatment of chronic periodontitis in a Brazilian population. I. clinical results

OBJECTIVE: The current investigation evaluated the clinical effects of scaling and root planing (SRP) alone or in combination with systemic metronidazole and/or repeated professional removal of supragingival plaque in subjects with chronic periodontitis. METHODS: Fourty-four adult subjects (mean age: 45+/-6 years) with periodontitis were randomly assigned to four treatment groups; a control (C, n=10) that received SRP and placebo and three test groups treated as follows: Test 1 (T1) (n=12) received SRP and metronidazole (400 mg t.i.d., M) for 10 days; Test 2 (T2) (n=12) received SRP, weekly professional supragingival plaque removal for three months (professional cleaning (PC)) and placebo; and Test 3 (T3) (n=10) received SRP, M and PC. Pocket depth (PD), attachment level (AL), bleeding on probing (BOP) and presence of visible plaque and suppuration were measured at six sites per tooth at baseline and at 90 days post-therapy. Significance of differences over time was determined using the Wilcoxon test, and among groups using ancova. RESULTS: A reduction in full-mouth mean clinical parameters was observed at 90 days after all therapies. Sites with baseline PD<4 mm showed an increase in mean PD in the control group and in mean AL in all treatment groups. Sites with baseline PD of 4-6 mm in subjects who received PC as part of therapy (T2, T3) showed a marked reduction in PD, AL and in the % of sites with BOP. Subjects who received metronidazole (T1 and T3) showed the best clinical response at sites with an initial PD of >6 mm. The major clinical benefit occurred when the combination of SRP, M and PC was used. Group T3 showed the least attachment loss in initially shallow pockets. This group also exhibited the greatest reduction in the % of sites with BOP and suppuration as well as in mean PD and AL at sites with baseline PD>4 mm. CONCLUSION: The data suggest a significant clinical benefit in combining SRP, systemic metronidazole and weekly professional supragingival plaque removal for the treatment of chronic periodontitis.     

Clinical and Biochemical Evaluation of Lozenges Containing Lactobacillus reuteri as an Adjunct to Non‐Surgical Periodontal Therapy in Chronic Periodontitis

Background: This study evaluates the effects on clinical and biochemical parameters of Lactobacillus reuteri–containing probiotic supplementation adjunctive to initial periodontal therapy in patients with chronic periodontitis (CP). Methods: Thirty patients with CP were included and divided into two groups. Every patient had, in each quadrant, ≥2 teeth each with approximal sites with a probing depth (PD) of 5 to 7 mm and gingival index (GI) of ≥2. The test group received scaling and root planing (SRP) and probiotic‐containing lozenges. The control group received SRP and placebo lozenges. Plaque index (PI), GI, bleeding on probing (BOP), PD, and attachment gain were measured. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) was sampled for the analysis of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐8 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)‐1 by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. All evaluations were performed at baseline and on days 21, 90, 180, and 360. Results: Differences in intergroup comparisons of PI, GI, BOP, and PD were found to be significant (P <0.05) in favor of the test group at all time points. Decreased GCF MMP‐8 levels and increased TIMP‐1 levels were found to be significant up to day 180 (P <0.05). Mean values of attachment gain were significantly higher in the test group compared with the control group on days 90, 180, and 360. Conclusions: Lozenges containing L. reuteri may be a useful supplement in moderately deep pockets of patients with CP. Low MMP‐8 and high TIMP‐1 levels may indicate the role of the lozenges in reduction of inflammation‐associated markers up to day 180.