丹江口市托幼机构消毒现状调查分析

1　材料与方法1.1　物体表面　将内径 5 cm× 5 cm的灭菌规板放在被检物体表面 ,用浸有灭菌生理盐水采样液的棉拭子 1支 ,在规板空心处往返各涂抹 5次 ,移动规板 ,连续采样 1～ 4个小规板面积 ,剪去手触部分 ,将棉拭子放入装有灭菌生理盐水的采样管内 ,送检验室检测。将每个采样管充分敲打。 10倍递增稀释成每个稀释度 ,每个稀释度分别取 1m l放入灭菌平皿内 ,用普通营养琼脂作倾注培养 ,置 37℃培养箱 2 4小时观察结果。各类物质表面细菌总数 <15 cfu/ m2 。1.2　空气　采用平板沉降法采样 ,在幼儿活动室或卧室按东南西北中布放平板 ,暴露 …     

医院物体表面和医护人员手细菌污染的监测

(一)采样方法:物体表面采样时,将内径为5×5cm的灭菌规格板放在被检物体表面,用浸有灭菌生理盐水的棉拭子,在规格板空心处均匀涂抹后,将棉拭子放入装有10ml灭菌生理盐水的采样管内。医护人员手采样时,将浸有灭菌生理盐水的棉拭子,在医护人员右手每个手指掌面往返涂抹1次。将棉拭子放入装有10ml灭菌生理盐水的采样管内。     

十堰市城区托幼机构消毒效果监测报告

一、材料与方法1．采样方法（1）空气：采样时间选择消毒处理后与进行医疗活动之间，室内在东、西、南、北、中取5个点，距地面1m处在右，用9cm直径普通营养琼脂平板在采样点暴露5分钟后送检。结果计算：50000N空气钿菌菌落总数（2）物体表面：采样用5×5cm~2的标准灭菌规格板，放在被检物体表面，用浸有无菌生理盐水采样液的棉拭子1支，在规格板内横竖往返各涂抹5次，采4个规格板面积，剪去手接触部分，将棉拭子放入装有10ml采样液试管中送检。结果计算：细菌菌落总数（cfu／m~3）=平皿上菌落的平均数×采样液稀释倍数采样面积（cm~2）（3…     

庆元县2003-2007年托幼机构预防性消毒效果检测

为了解庆元县托幼机构预防性消毒工作质量,确保幼儿身心健康,我们于2003-2007年对全县托幼机构进行预防性消毒效果检测工作,现将结果报告如下。对象与方法1对象全县托幼机构共42家,其中城关镇26家,乡镇16家。2方法2·1空气采用平板暴露法,室内面积≥30m2时,设东、南、西、北、中5个采样点,<30m2时设里、中、外3个采样点,高度约为80cm,用直径9cm无菌普通营养琼脂平皿及血平皿按上述位置布放,暴露5min后培养检测。2·2物体表面及玩具采用涂抹法,将灭菌的内径为5cm×5cm的规格板放在检测的物体表面,根据物体表面面积的大小,采平行样品1~4个,用浸有灭菌生理盐水的棉签,在规格板内横竖往返涂擦5次,剪去手接触部分的棉棒,将棉签放入10mL生理盐水的采样管中(玩具根据实际面积采样)。2·3餐(饮)具采用大肠菌群快速检测纸片法。2·4手表面采用涂抹法,被检人5指并拢,用浸有生理盐水的棉签在双手指曲面,从指尖、指沟处到指端来回涂擦2次,然后剪去手接触部分棉棒,放入10mL生理盐水的采样管中。3评价标准按《浙江省托幼机构消毒技术规范》规定的要求评价,室内空气中细菌菌落总数<1000cfu/m3,不得检出溶...     

1993～1995年惠州市个体医疗机构消毒质量监测对比分析

为了解我市个体医疗机构消毒质量监测效果，1993～1995年对市辖惠阳市、惠城区个体医疗机构使用中消毒剂与物体表面进行了抽样调查，报告如下：1方法1．1使用中消毒剂监测用无菌吸管吸取被检消毒剂1ml加至内装有9ml相应中和剂的试管中，摇匀稀释，经培养后观察结果，计算菌落数，以菌落数＜250CFU／ml为合格指标。1．2物体表面监测用灭菌棉拭子浸泡灭菌生理盐水，在（SX、5）cm’灭菌规格板内的被检物体表面来回涂抹100cm’（25X4）后放入装有10ml灭菌生理盐水的采样管内，样品稀释后置37℃24h培养观察结果，计算菌落数，以菌落数＜SCFU…     

常州市13家医院消毒质量监测分析

为了解常州市医院消毒灭菌状况 ,于 2 0 0 2年 6～ 7月 ,我们对本市 13家医院的使用中消毒剂、工作台面、医护人员手表面和门诊输液室内空气进行了监测 ,结果报告如下。1　监测内容与方法1 1　监测内容与方法　采样方法、检测方法参照《医院消毒卫生标准 (GB 15 982 -1995 )》进行。医院门诊输液室内空气采用平皿沉降法 ,用 9cm直径普通营养琼脂平板和血平板在采样点暴露 5min后送检培养 ,分别检测细菌菌落总数和乙型溶血性链球菌。工作台面用浸有无菌生理盐水棉拭子涂抹采样 2 5cm2 ,将棉拭子放入 10ml无菌生理盐水中送检。医护人员手表面…     

新野县托幼机构细菌污染监测报告

1999年～ 2 0 0 0年对我县城区六家托幼机构的消毒工作做了连续监测 ,现将结果报告如下。1　采样对象和方法1.1　物体表面采样　用 5ｃｍ× 5ｃｍ规格板 ,用浸有采样液的无菌拭子涂抹并转动 ,采 4处共 10 0ｃｍ2 为 1份样品。将采样后的棉拭子在盛有 10ｍｌ采样液的试管中振荡 80次 ,取洗液及其稀释液分别接种普通培养琼脂平板 ,于37℃培养 2 4小时计算细菌总数。物体表面细菌总数≤ 80ｆｕ/ｃｍ2 为合格。1.2　空气采样　对面积≤ 30ｍ2 与 >30ｍ2 的室内分别设 3与 5个采样点 ,将普通营养琼脂平板置于离墙 1ｍ ,高 1.5ｍ处 ,沉降采样 5分…     

原锡山市医疗机构口腔科消毒质量分析

为了解医疗机构口腔科消毒质量情况 ,原锡山市卫生防疫站于 2 0 0 0年 11月对医疗机构口腔科的消毒质量进行了抽样调查。1　内容和方法1.1　调查对象　按地域分布随机抽样调查 1所市 (县 )级医院、1所中心镇卫生院、10所乡镇卫生院。每个单位采牙钳样 2件、空气样 1件、消毒剂样 3件、医生手表面样 1件 ,按 1991年《消毒技术规范》对样品隐血、乙肝表面抗原、细菌总数、需氧菌、厌氧菌、霉菌及消毒剂浓度进行检验。1.2　采样方法　对浸泡消毒过的牙钳表面和医生手双指层面 ,用沾有采样液的灭菌棉签涂抹采样 ,放入采样管送检。用普通琼脂平皿…     

通州市托幼机构细菌污染状况调查

为了解我市托幼机构细菌污染状况,以搞好托幼机构消毒工作,我们于１９９７～１９９９年对通州市２９所托幼机构进行了调查,现将结果报告如下。１材料与方法１．１室内空气细菌污染监测在室内设５个采样点（东、西、南、北、中）,将直径９ｃｍ的普通营养琼脂平板置于呼吸带高度,采样１５ｍｉｎ,３７℃培养２４ｈ,计算细菌菌落总数,＜２５００ｃｆｕ／ｍ３为合格。１．２手和物体表面细菌污染监测对手采样时,取右手指曲面,用浸有灭菌生理盐水的棉拭子从指尖到指根来回涂抹１０次为１份样品。对普通物体表面采样时,借助５ｃｍｘ５ｃ…     

广州市东山区幼儿园消毒状况调查

1999年 4至 6月 ,我站对广州市东山区内 77所幼儿园的消毒工作进行了监测调查 ,现将结果报告如下。1　方法1.1　物体表面采样　用 5ｃｍ× 5ｃｍ标准灭菌规格板 ,放在被检表面 ,用浸有无菌生理盐水棉拭子涂抹 4处 ,剪去手接触部分 ,放入装有 10ｍｌ采样液试管为 1份样品 ;小型玩具和物体表面采用棉拭子直接涂抹物体的方法 ;手部采样 :将浸有无菌生理盐水采样液的棉拭子在双手指曲面从指根到指端来回涂擦各 2次 ,边涂边转动棉拭 ,将棉拭头剪入装有 10ｍｌ采样液的试管中。振打试管 80次 ,取该洗液及稀释液分别接种在普通营养琼脂平板 ,于 37…     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.