Treatment of degloving injury of three fingers with an anterolateral thigh flap

The degloving injuries of the digits and palm remain a persistent challenge. We used an anterolateral thigh flap to treat an 18-year-old, right-handed male worker with degloving injuries of the index, middle and ring fingers. The flap was designated to wrap the entire circumference of three fingers sustaining degloving injury and to form mitten-hand. The total lengths of the distal phalanxes of three fingers were retained almost complete. The donor defect was covered with split-thickness skin graft. Three months after the first operation, roentgenograms revealed terminal phalanxex resorption in three injured fingers, and the surgical syndactyly between the middle and ring finger was separated at the same time. One month later, the syndactyly between the index and middle fingers was also separated. Good coverage of the soft tissue defects with good function and appearance was achieved. Therefore,we considered that the length of the degloved finger could be preserved using free flap.     

髂腹股沟带蒂真皮下血管网皮瓣修复手部皮肤脱套伤

目的应用髂腹股沟带蒂真皮下血管网皮瓣修复手部皮肤脱套伤.方法将带旋髂浅血管或腹壁浅血管为蒂的髂腹股沟皮瓣的远端1/3～1/2修剪成带真皮下血管网薄皮瓣,修复除拇指以外的手部大面积皮肤缺损.结果临床应用9例,皮瓣全部成活,外形及运动功能恢复满意.结论带蒂髂腹股沟真皮下血管网皮瓣修复手部皮肤脱套伤是简单、有效的方法.     

腹部皮瓣瓦合足背皮瓣修复手部严重皮肤脱套伤

目的报道利用腹部带蒂皮瓣瓦合足背游离皮瓣移植修复手部严重脱套伤的手术方法及,临床疗效。方法2003年2月～2010年6月．收治手部严重脱套伤患者9例。彻底清创后2—5指末节或中节中部平面以远指骨截除,创面先采用腹部带蒂皮瓣包埋手部创面,3～4周后行腹部皮瓣断蒂,并用腹部皮瓣覆盖手（指）背侧创面,游离足背皮瓣修复手（指）掌侧创面,足背供区行游离植皮术。皮瓣成活后3个月、6个月分别行手指分指术。结果术后9例手掌、手背皮瓣均顺利成活,伤口均一期愈合,足部供区植皮区及腹部供区伤口一期愈合。随访以最后一次分指术后开始计算,时间为6～48个月．平均15个月。手掌、手背皮瓣无臃肿。2—5指掌指关节活动为0°-80°,指间关节僵直于伸直位,2—5指可完成与拇指的对指、对捏等功能。手（指）背皮瓣感觉恢复为S1-S2,手（指）掌皮瓣感觉恢复为S2～S3＋。足背供区及腹部无明显瘢痕挛缩,行走无明显影响。结论利用腹部带蒂皮瓣瓦合足背游离皮瓣移植修复手部严重脱套伤,可以修复手部创面,重建手部分功能,是一种较好的治疗方法。     

Pedicled neurocutaneous anterolateral thigh flap for groin reconstruction – A case report

Several different flaps based on the feeding vessels of sensitive nerves have been described in the limbs. This article reports the case of a neurocutaneous flap based on the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (LFCN), employed for reconstruction of an inguinal defect. A 61‐years‐old female patient had undergone vulvectomy and bilateral inguinal lymphadenectomy for vulvar cancer with postoperative left groin wound breakdown. After a 3 weeks negative pressure therapy course, she presented a 10 × 4 cm skin and subcutaneous defect with undermined edges in the left inguinal area. Reconstruction with 14 × 6 cm pedicled left anterolateral thigh flap was planned. After the dissection of the vascular pedicle and of the sensitive nerve, complete thrombosis of both the veins and arterial spasm of perforating pedicle was detected. As the flap color was good, and slow marginal bleeding was present, we inspected the small vessels surrounding the nerve that were pulsating. To confirm the vascularization coming from the neural pedicle, we clamped the perforator and performed intraoperative indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence angiography that showed a good fluorescence of the flap with a proximal to distal pattern of progression. The flap was transferred on the neural pedicle, survived completely, and wounds healed normally. Three months after surgery, the patient underwent radiotherapy, with uneventful course. In her last follow‐up, 2 years after surgery, patient was free of disease and the flap showed normal scarring. This is the first case reported of a pedicled neurocutaneous flap based on the LFCN, indicating that in case of unsuitable perforators it could be an alternative pedicle.     

全手皮肤脱套伤的分型和治疗

目的总结全手皮肤脱套伤的伤情特点,探讨全手皮肤脱套伤的分型标准及治疗方法。方法 1999年12月-2010年5月,收治41例全手皮肤脱套伤。男28例,女13例;年龄18～58岁,平均35岁。致伤原因:碾压伤28例,挤压伤13例。受伤至手术时间1～10 h,平均3 h。根据自定全手皮肤脱套伤分型标准:Ⅰ型11例,Ⅱ型5例,Ⅲ型4例,Ⅳ型8例,Ⅴ型13例。Ⅰ型采用吻合血管回植术;Ⅱ型采用带足背皮瓣的甲瓣、第2趾甲瓣再造术;Ⅲ型采用双足带足背皮瓣的第2趾甲瓣再造术;Ⅳ型采用吻合血管回植术;Ⅴ型采用带足背皮瓣的甲瓣再造(8例)或腹部皮瓣修复术(5例)。足背皮瓣切取范围为9 cm×6 cm～17 cm×11 cm,足背供区游离植皮修复。结果术后Ⅰ型6例发生部分手指坏死,Ⅳ型6例发生部分手指及手掌皮肤坏死;其余患者皮瓣、再造指及回植皮肤均成活。足背供区及腹部供区均顺利愈合。40例患者获随访,随访时间6个月～7年,平均14个月。采用吻合血管回植治疗者,手部皮肤颜色、质地接近正常,功能恢复佳,感觉恢复至S2～S4;采用甲瓣及趾甲瓣再造手指者,手功能基本恢复,再造指感觉恢复至S2～S3;采用腹部皮瓣者,手功能恢复欠佳,手部感觉恢复至S1～S2。结论采用自定标准对全手皮肤脱套伤程度进行分型,并指导临床治疗方案的选择,可获得较好临床疗效。     

The vascular pedicle of the anterolateral thigh flap as an alternative recipient site for thigh free flaps

The indications for a free flap for thigh defects are relatively uncommon. Regardless, a reasonable recipient site will always be of paramount importance. The major femoral vessels, usually accessed via the medial thigh, would be a conventional selection. If these are at risk within the zone of injury, or if the defect is more lateral, the descending branch of the lateral circumflex femoral vessels might be a more suitable alternative. The surgical approach is virtually identical to that used to raise the familiar anterolateral thigh flap, where in a similar fashion a long pedicle of large caliber can be obtained to simplify end-to-end microanastomoses. This has proven to be an invaluable resource as demonstrated in two clinical cases.     

Composite anterolateral thigh perforator flaps in the management of complex hand injuries

The anterolateral thigh (ALT) fasciocutaneous flap has been well described for hand skin cover, however its use in its composite (multiple tissue) form incorporating bone, muscle and/or fascia has been less well described. We report the usefulness of the composite ALT flap in six complex hand trauma cases, four male and two female (age range 14-46 years). The palm of the hand was affected by injury in three cases, the dorsum in two cases, and the radial side in one case. The first web formed part of the injury in three cases. There was variable involvement of the tendons, nerves and bones. Fascia lata was included in the flap to provide a gliding surface in four cases, part of the vastus lateralis muscle was included to obliterate dead space in two cases and to create a first web in one case, and a bone block from the iliac crest was included to reconstruct the lost metacarpals in one case. All flaps survived with minimal complications. This work shows that the anterolateral thigh composite flap is a reliable option when multiple tissue types are required in hand reconstruction.     

A pedicled anterolateral thigh flap for abdominal reconstruction after previous degloving injury of the donor site: Revascularisation of the donor site

A pedicled anterolateral thigh flap was used to reconstruct an abdominal defect after traumatic degloving of the entire skin of the right upper leg two-and-a-half years earlier. There are few reports about revascularisation of skin flaps after previous interruption of the blood supply. As far as I know this is the first report of a revascularised (anterolateral thigh) perforator flap.     

A pedicled anterolateral thigh flap for abdominal reconstruction after previous degloving injury of the donor site: revascularisation of the donor site.

A pedicled anterolateral thigh flap was used to reconstruct an abdominal defect after traumatic degloving of the entire skin of the right upper leg two-and-a-half years earlier. There are few reports about revascularisation of skin flaps after previous interruption of the blood supply. As far as I know this is the first report of a revascularised (anterolateral thigh) perforator flap.     

Clinical application and improvement of an anterolateral thigh flap

Since 1984, the authors performed 15 anterolateral thigh cutaneous and myocutaneous flaps with vascular anastomosis and 1 island flap. Among them, 1 failed and 15 survived completely with satisfactory results. The sizes of the flaps used ranged from 6 x 7 cm to 11 x 20 cm. The flap seemed to have a constant vascular anatomy with a long pedicle and a large diameter, so that dissection of the flap can be accomplished easily. The quality of the flap was good and suitable for the repair of soft tissue defect of the hand and foot. In this paper, improvement of operative technique and two representative cases are presented.     

A modification of technique to cover a large posterior thigh defect using an anterolateral thigh flap

Anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap is one of the popular flaps for soft-tissue reconstruction. It is a versatile flap which commonly used to resurface external skin defect and internal mucosal lining. In addition if raised as musculocutaneous flap, the muscle portion provides bulk to fill up any potential space. With increase knowledge on the vascular anatomy of this flap, it is possible to harvest 2 skin paddles base on more than one branches of the supplying vessel. This technique is commonly employed to provide coverage of more than one epithelial surfaces such as the complex facial defect after maxillectomy where both the cheek skin and oral mucosa reconstruction are required. Using similar concept, we report a case in which a large external skin defect was successfully covered with an ALT flap and the donor site could be closed primarily without skin grafting.     

双足带有同蒂多叶皮瓣的趾甲皮瓣移植治疗全手皮肤套脱伤

目的 探讨应用组合组织移植修复全手皮肤套脱伤的方法.方法 对3例全手皮肤套脱伤患者,分别采用一侧足部以胫前动脉为蒂的带踝前皮瓣、足背皮瓣、足内侧皮瓣和足外侧皮瓣的拇甲皮瓣再造拇指,修复桡侧手掌手背及虎口区皮肤缺损;另一侧足部带以上相同皮瓣的第二趾甲皮瓣再造示指(或中指),修复尺侧手掌及手背皮肤缺损.结果 术后3例,除一再造示指坏死外,其余组织瓣全部存活.术后随访3～12个月,修复后手部外形和捏、握、抓等功能基本恢复.皮瓣及再造拇、示指(或中指)感觉恢复至S2～S4.结论 双足带有同蒂多叶皮瓣的趾甲皮瓣移植治疗全手皮肤套脱伤是一种有效的治疗方法.     

应用双股前外侧修薄皮瓣串联瓦合修复足部脱套伤

目的：探讨游离股前外侧修薄皮瓣瓦合修复足部皮肤软组织脱套伤的临床疗效。方法游离切取双侧股前外侧修薄皮瓣,两皮瓣串联瓦合修复足部脱套伤,皮瓣血管与胫前动脉或胫后动脉吻合,吻合对应动静脉。结果术后10例皮瓣全部成活,随访时间为3～6个月,受区皮瓣无色素沉着,皮肤质地软,弹性佳,无明显臃肿。结论游离双侧股前外侧修薄皮瓣瓦合修复足部脱套伤临床效果良好。     

同种异体肌腱联合股前外侧皮瓣一期修复手背软组织缺损

目的 评价同种异体肌腱加皮瓣对手背复合软组织缺损一期修复重建的临床疗效. 方法 2006年7月至2011年7月,对15例手背复合软组织缺损患者一期采用股前外侧皮瓣联合同种异体肌腱行手背伸肌腱修复和创面覆盖,皮瓣大小9 cm×5 cm ～ 14 cm×11 cm,每例修复手背肌腱缺损2～4条,术后2周皮瓣成活后利用被动伸指支具进行早期康复训练. 结果 15例皮瓣均成活,12例患者术后获得随访12 ～ 24个月,平均16个月.2例患者因肌腱粘连术后6个月行肌腱松解,其余10例患者手指屈伸良好.随访结束时,患手腕关节主动屈40°～ 70°,伸25°～50°,掌指关节60°～85°、指间关节80°～90°活动范围,总体优良率达92％. 结论 一期同种异体肌腱联合皮瓣修复手背皮肤及伸指肌腱缺损的方法安全可靠,疗效肯定.同期异体肌腱重建不仅可以避免自体肌腱移植引起的新创伤,而且可以确保及时的手指康复训练,避免了延期手术所致的伸指功能丢失.     

Immediate emergency free anterolateral thigh flap after car-tyre friction injury: A case report with eight years follow-up

The car-tyre friction injury has differences from other injuries. The components of injury which are burn, crushing, shearing, and degloving occur. Many treatment options can be performed for coverage of wound which are Vacuum Assisted Closure system (V.A.C), skin grafting, free flaps, local flaps and cross leg flap.