全膝关节置换术围手术期镇痛

目的探讨全膝关节置换术(TKA)围手术期镇痛效果,获得最佳的镇痛方案。方法2005年1月至2006年4月的82例单侧TKA手术患者随机分成两组,采用不同的镇痛方案进行围手术期镇痛治疗。对术后疼痛进行评分分析并观察并发症。结果两种镇痛方法均具有明显的镇痛效果,患者满意率及功能康复效果取得明显改善,并发症发生率较低。结论TKA围手术期采用积极的综合镇痛措施,具有重要意义。     

全膝关节置换术后应用连续股神经阻滞镇痛和静脉自控镇痛的效果比较

目的比较连续股神经阻滞镇痛（CFNB）和静脉患者自控镇痛（PCIA）在全膝关节置换手术（TKA）围手术期的镇痛效果及术后1年膝关节功能评估的随访结果。方法选取2008年11月至2009年10月因膝关节骨关节炎行TKA的患者60例,数字随机分成2组,每组30例（n=30）。分别给予PCIA和CFNB作为术后镇痛方式。两组患者均采用腰麻联合硬膜外麻醉方式。在围手术期,采用视觉模拟（VAS）评分法观察患者的疼痛评分。记录吗啡累计用量,观察患肢肌力,初次下地时间及镇痛相关并发症等指标。在术后1年随访时,根据膝关节学会评分系统（KSS）对患者膝关节功能进行评估。结果在术后6、12、24、36、48h静息状态下,CFNB组的疼痛评分（VAS评分）均比PCIA组明显低（P〈0.05）。术后24h,48h进行膝关节持续被动活动（CPM）时累计吗啡用量均比PCIA组明显低（P〈0.05）。嗜睡、恶心呕吐等不良反应也低于PCIA组。术后1年,两组在膝关节功能评价方面无显著差异（P〉0.05）。结论 CFNB在TKA术中的初期镇痛效果优于PCIA。与PCIA相比,CFNB患者术后不良反应较少,膝关节功能恢复更好,患者的满意程度更高。为TKA术后镇痛策略中一种安全、实用和有效的方法。术后1年,两组患者在功能评估方面无统计学差异。     

人工全膝关节置换术后不同给药途径镇痛方式对比研究

目的对比研究2种不同给药途径镇痛方式在全膝关节置换（TKA）术后的镇痛效果。方法由同组医师完成的治疗骨性关节炎的TKA40例（40膝）,采用随机的方法分为术后静脉镇痛泵给药镇痛组（A组）和术后持续切口镇痛装置给药镇痛组（B组）,每组各20例。A组采用的药物为曲马多注射液和生理盐水混合,B组采用的药物为盐酸丁哌卡因注射液和生理盐水混合。比较2组在术后围手术期不同时间点疼痛视觉模拟评分（VAS）,辅助口服镇痛药物塞来昔布使用量及不良事件发生率。结果2组术后围手术期VAS评分不同时间点比较无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。辅助口服镇痛药物塞来昔布使用量及不良事件发生率方面B组明显优于A组（P〈0．05）。结论TKA术后采用术后持续切口镇痛装置给药镇痛明显优于传统静脉泵给药途径,可以明显降低辅助口服镇痛药物用量和不良事件发生率,获得了良好的镇痛疗效,镇痛的靶向性更强、使用更安全。     

全膝关节置换术围手术期镇痛研究进展

全膝关节置换术(TKA)围手术期的疼痛管理是TKA手术重要的一环,对疼痛的良好控制有助于减少术后相关并发症发生以及促进患者快速康复。口服镇痛药物、关节腔周围注射、外周神经阻滞等镇痛方式可以减轻患者术后疼痛,减少阿片类药物的应用及其不良反应,降低术后并发症发生的风险,但是目前还没有一种镇痛方式能够彻底缓解TKA围手术期疼痛。该文对目前TKA围手术期镇痛研究进展作一综述。     

可旋转铰链膝在晚期夏科氏膝关节病的应用

[目的]探讨可旋转铰链全膝置换(total knee arthroplasty,TKA)在晚期夏科氏膝关节病的应用及近期临床效果.[方法] 2013年1月-2020年1月可旋转铰链膝置换治疗膝Charcot关节病11例12膝,观察围手术期、随访及影像学情况.[结果]所有患者均顺利完成手术,术中无神经、血管损伤等严重并发...     

洛索洛芬在全膝关节置换的围手术期镇痛与术后镇痛中的研究

目的分析洛索洛芬钠片剂对于全膝关节置换（TKA）术后短期临床效果的影响。方法 2009年1月至2009年12月因膝骨关节炎行单侧全膝关节置换手术患者197例,其中围手术期使用镇痛药物为洛索洛芬和（或）阿片类药物的患者84例。仅使用阿片类药物镇痛的患者为对照组,共27例（男9例,女18例）;仅术后使用洛索洛芬镇痛的患者为POST组,共31例（男9例,女22例）;术前和术后均使用洛索洛芬的患者为PERI组,共26例（男7例,女19例）。结果三组患者在平均年龄、体重指数、术前患病时间、术前疼痛评分、术前膝关节活动度、术前HSS评分、手术时间、术中止血带时间、术后引流量、术后2周疼痛评分、术后2周活动度、术后2周HSS评分及术后2周行走距离等指标方面无显著差异。但POST组和PERI组阿片类药物使用时长均短于对照组,阿片类药物末次使用时间也早于对照组（P〈0.05）。与POST组相比,PERI组洛索洛芬用药总量略少,但无统计学显著意义。结论洛索洛芬联合阿片类药物可有效地控制TKA术后疼痛,达到满意的临床效果。联合用药可减少阿片类药物的用量、缩短阿片类药物的使用时间。洛索洛芬围术期镇痛与术后镇痛相比具有基本相同的临床镇痛效果,但前者的用药量略少。     

硬膜外罗哌卡因、芬太尼及氟哌啶混合液用于高龄患者全髋置换术后镇痛的可行性

高龄患者常合并高血压、冠心病、糖尿病及肺功能障碍，接受人工假体全髋关节置换手术创伤大，出血多，手术风险较大。为确保患者围手术期的安全，减少心脑血管并发症，选择适当的麻醉及有效的术后镇痛方法至关重要。本研究拟评价在连续硬膜外麻醉下行全髋关节置换手术的高龄患者术后采用持续硬膜外罗哌卡因、芬太尼及氟哌啶混合液镇痛的可行性。     

鸡尾酒疗法在全膝关节置换术后镇痛60例报告

目的研究鸡尾酒疗法对全膝关节置换(TKA)患者术后镇痛的疗效。方法单侧TKA患者60例,采用术中单纯关节周围组织局部注射得宝松、吗啡及罗哌卡因进行术后镇痛。结果鸡尾酒疗法在TKA患者术后镇痛中的总优良率为93.3%(56/60)。结论鸡尾酒疗法对TKA患者术后镇痛简便易行,疗效肯定,值得推荐。     

髋、膝关节置换术加速康复围术期液体治疗方案

液体治疗是维持患者围术期生命体征平稳的重要环节,其治疗方案经历了开放性、限制性、目标导向等几次变革。随着加速康复外科(ERAS)模式在髋、膝关节置换(THA/TKA)患者围术期的应用,THA/TKA患者手术时间短、出血量少,在此背景下选择何种液体治疗方案进行围术期输液成为新的话题。与此同时,液体治疗途径和液体种类的选择也迎来了新的挑战。本文通过对相关文献的学习和总结,提出ERAS模式下THA/TKA患者围术期液体治疗的最佳方案,为临床决策提供参考。     

人工全膝关节置换围手术期护理

目的探讨人工膝关节围手术期的护理效果。方法对25例人工膝关节置换的患者进行心理、生活、功能锻炼等围手术期护理措施。结果 25例患者术后膝关节疼痛消失,功能改善明显,术后未发生并发症。结论提高围手术期护理质量,可提高全膝关节置换手术成功率,促进功能恢复。     

Revision of the Gunston polycentric knee arthroplasty with total knee arthroplasty

The Gunston polycentric knee arthroplasty, first designed and performed by Frank Gunston in 1971, is the first prosthesis considering the natural knee biomechanics. Although the polycentric knee arthroplasty showed encouraging results to relieve pain and to preserve the preoperative range of motion and joint instability, the improvements in prosthesis design and arthroplasty technology rapidly made the polycentric knee prosthesis obsolete. Herein, we report a 58-year old male patient who had revision of the Gunston polycentric knee arthroplasty with total knee arthroplasty performed 32 years after the initial operation.     

髌骨周围电灼去神经化对保留髌骨的全膝关节置换术膝前痛的Meta分析

目的 以Meta分析方法研究髌骨周围电灼去神经化对保留髌骨的全膝关节置换术（TKA）膝前痛和膝关节功能的影响.方法 检索关于保留髌骨行髌骨周围电灼去神经化TKA的相关文献,按照特定的纳入和排除标准筛选文献并提取相关数据,用Review Manager 5.0软件进行Meta 分析.结果共纳入四篇随机对照研究.分析表明髌骨周围电灼去神经化对保留髌骨的TKA患者术后膝前痛的发生率无影响[RR=0.76,95%CI （0.59,1.00）,P=0.05],但是可以改善其的Feller髌骨评分[MD=1.15,95%CI （0.74,1.55）,P〈0.01],KSS评分系统-膝关节评分[MD=1.30,95%CI （0.23,2.37）,P〈0.05]和KSS评分系统-膝关节功能评分[MD=1.45,95%CI （0.08,2.81）,P〈0.05].结论 在保留髌骨的全膝关节置换术中使用髌骨边缘电灼去神经化能改善术后膝前痛和膝关节功能.     

The effect of early weight-bearing in total knee arthroplasty

Patients undergoing bilateral simultaneous total knee arthroplasty experienced early supported-weight-bearing on both knees. They were compared with two similar groups of patients whose postoperative weight-bearing on the operated extremity was markedly restricted. The clinical results and incidence of complications were similar in the three groups. There were no significant differences in the incidence of radiolucent lines at follow-up examination two to five years later. Bilateral simultaneous total knee arthroplasty is an effective and safe method of managing patients with arthritic knees where both require replacement. Early supported bilateral weight-bearing does not appear to have any deleterious effects on the bone-cement interface that can be detected on clinical or radiographic analysis. However, all patients should not be considered for bilateral prosthetic knee arthroplasty simply because they have arthritic changes in both knees and the procedure is efficacious. Frequently, only one knee is significantly painful or deformed, and its correction may relieve the opposite knee for an extended period. Bilateral operations are indicated when the pain and deformity of an unoperated knee will significantly retard the reconstructed knee, as in severe flexion contractures or malalignment.     

Symptomatic heterotopic ossification following total knee arthroplasty

Heterotopic ossification has been reported to occur in less than 10% of total knee arthroplastics. When this condition has occurred, it has previously been reported either to be asymptomatic or to cause discomfort that resolves with the passage of time. This care report is the first to note persistent pain and snapping due to heterotopic ossification adherent to the distal femoral cortex that required surgical excision to relieve symptoms after total knee arthroplasty.     

连续股神经阻滞在全膝关节置换术后镇痛及早期康复锻炼中的作用

目的：前瞻性评价连续股神经阻滞在全膝关节置换术后镇痛及早期康复锻炼中的作用。方法：自2008年12月至2009年8月,将进行单侧全膝关节置换术的80例患者进行配对设计随机分组,每组40例。A组采用术后股神经阻滞,B组采用静脉止痛泵镇痛。A组男5例,女35例,平均年龄(65.0±4.2)岁;B组男5例,女35例,平均年龄(64.7±8.5)岁。两组患者术后镇痛持续3 d.记录VAS疼痛评分、睡眠状态、膝关节功能锻练情况和不良反应发生状况。结果：A组患者在术后2、6、24、36、48、56、72 h的VAS评分明显低于B组(P<0.05或P<0.01);A组睡眠状态好于B组。A组患者术后的膝关节主动活动早于B组,B组不良反应发生例数明显大于A组,并且B组止痛药的使用频率高于A组。结论：连续股神经阻滞术后镇痛,效果良好,安全性能好,不良反应发生率低,是全膝关节置换术后理想的镇痛方法也利于患膝关节术后的功能恢复。     

Debridement arthroscopy. 10-year followup.

The treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee is a difficult problem. In the senior author's opinion, nonaggressive arthroscopic debridement of the knee is an effective procedure to relieve pain and restore function in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee. A subjective telephone interview of patients done 10 or more years after arthroscopic debridement evaluated the long term results of this treatment in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee. The patients all were candidates for total knee replacement who selected arthroscopy as a temporizing procedure. Of the 191 knees in patients undergoing arthroscopic debridement, 77 patients (91 knees) were contacted for followup. Sixty-seven percent of the 91 knees did not have total knee arthroplasty at an average of 13.2 years followup. The Tegner activity score averaged 3.5 and patient satisfaction averaged 8.6 on a 0 to 10 scale. Twenty-one patients (30 knees) or (33%) had total knee arthroplasty at an average of 6.7 years. Seven of these had total knee arthroplasty within 2 years of arthroscopic debridement. Six of these seven knees had Outerbridge Grade 4 articular cartilage changes and clinically significant meniscus tears. Seven of the 19 knees (37%) with Outerbridge Grade 4 changes in 80% of one knee compartment did not require total knee arthroplasty after greater than 10 year followup. The difficulties in long term followup in this patient population is evident, yet the number of patients who had a functional lifestyle after arthroscopic debridement was notable.     

Effects of changes in whole-body alignment on ipsilateral knee pain after total hip arthroplasty

BackgroundTotal hip arthroplasty decreases hip pain and often reduces knee pain in patients with hip osteoarthritis. Whole-body alignment may be associated with knee pain, but to our knowledge this relationship has not been previously investigated. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of changes in whole-body alignment on ipsilateral knee pain in patients after total hip arthroplasty.MethodsIn total, 94 patients with unilateral hip osteoarthritis who underwent total hip arthroplasty were enrolled in this study. A visual analog scale (VAS) was used to investigate perioperative knee pain. An EOS 2D/3D X-ray system was used to quantify the whole-body alignment of the spine, pelvis, and lower extremities in the standing position. The relationship between perioperative changes in knee pain and whole-body alignment was investigated.ResultsAmong 61 patients who had preoperative ipsilateral knee pain, pain resolved in 30 (50%) and persisted in 31 (50%) after surgery. In these patients, average ipsilateral knee pain decreased significantly after surgery, from 41 mm to 14 mm on the VAS (P < 0.01). Preoperative knee pain was correlated with femorotibial rotation, and postoperative knee pain was correlated with K-L grade, preoperative knee pain visualized analog scale, and preoperative sagittal vertical axis. Multiple linear regression identified preoperative sagittal vertical axis as significantly associated with residual postoperative ipsilateral knee pain.ConclusionsIpsilateral knee pain decreased in half of patients after total hip arthroplasty. Patients with a considerable forward-bent posture may have residual ipsilateral knee pain after total hip arthroplasty.     

全膝关节置换治疗膝关节炎术后早期镇痛的研究进展

因膝关节炎而行全膝关节置换术的患者在术后早期多会出现程度不一的疼痛,这直接影响术后膝关节早期的功能锻炼及康复。目前,常用的镇痛方法有静脉自控镇痛、硬膜外自控镇痛、连续股神经阻滞镇痛、关节周围注射药物镇痛以及一些非药物性镇痛等。本文对全膝关节置换术后早期镇痛方法研究进展进行综述。     

人工全膝关节置换术的适应证选择及疗效分析

目的：探讨人工全膝关节置换术的手术适应证及影响疗效的因素。方法：对20例24膝人工全膝关节置换术进行临床分析和总结。结果：人工全膝关节置换术后疼痛，关节功能及活动度分别较术前改善70%，57%和35%，结论：人工全膝关节置换术是治疗严重类风湿性关节炎和骨性关节炎的有效方法。