经皮椎体成形术与经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折

目的比较经皮椎体成形术(PVP)与经皮椎体后凸成形术(PKP)治疗老年骨质疏松椎体压缩性骨折(OVCF)的临床效果。方法采用随机数表法将2017年1月至2018年8月在许昌龙耀医院就诊的86例老年OVCF患者分为A、B两组,每组43例。A组行PVP术,B组行PKP术。比较两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、骨水泥注入量和术后伤椎高度增加量,比较两组手术前后Cobb角、椎体压缩比,采用视觉模拟疼痛量表(VAS)评估患者疼痛程度。结果 B组患者手术时间、骨水泥注入量和术后伤椎高度增加量大于A组,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。B组术后Cobb角、椎体压缩比和VAS评分均低于A组,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。结论 PKP术治疗老年OVCF临床效果优于PVP术,可作为临床首选。     

导航仪引导下经皮椎体成形术和后凸成形术治疗73例骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折临床观察

[背景]观察导航仪引导下经皮椎体成形术(PVP)和经皮椎体后凸成形术(PKP)治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折(OVCF)的治疗效果.[病例报告]采用导航仪引导下PVP和PKP治疗OVCF 73例共107个椎体.给其中陈旧性骨折(PVP组)24例29个椎体行PVP治疗,给新鲜骨折(PKP组)49例66个椎体行PKP治疗.给再发骨折9例10次共12个椎体均行PKP治疗.PVP组骨水泥注入量为2³mL,PKP组为33mL,PKP组为3⁴mL.随访104mL.随访10³7个月,平均为15个月,观察疼痛视觉类比评分(VSA)变化、伤椎高度丢失及再发骨折频度.PVP组与PKP组手术前后1dVAS间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).两组术后1d伤椎平均高度与术前比较均恢复(P<0.05),PKP组恢复更加显著(P<0.05).随访10个月时与术后1d的VSA比较两组均无明显差异(P>0.05),两组伤椎高度均有丢失,而PKP组丢失略大(P<0.05).PVP组中术后再发骨折2例,PKP组中7例.[讨论]导航仪引导下PVP和PKP治疗OVCF均有较好的治疗效果,可降低并发症的发生.     

局部麻醉下经皮椎体成形术和经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折的临床效果比较

目的 比较局部麻醉下经皮椎体成形术(percutaneous vertebroplasty,PVP)和经皮椎体后凸成形术(percuta-neous kyphoplasty,PKP)在治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折(osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture,OVCF)的临床效果.方法 选取2016年5月至2019年5月中南大学湘雅医学院附属海口医院(海口市人民医院)和浙江大学医学院附属金华医院(金华市中心医院)诊断为OVCF并获得有效随访患者260例,其中127例采用PVP,133例采用PKP治疗,分别对两组术前及术后的椎体恢复高度、骨水泥渗漏率、疼痛视觉模拟评分(visual analogue score,VAS)、障碍功能指数(os-westry dability index,ODI)进行对比分析,评价两组术后症状的改善情况.结果 260例患者均有效随访,随访时间12～48个月,平均30个月.PKP组术后椎体高度恢复情况明显优于PVP组[(15.20±6.12)mm比(12.61±8.01)mm],差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);骨水泥渗漏PVP组15例(11.8％),PKP组1例(0.8％),均未出现明显神经损害症状,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).PKP组和PVP组术后VAS较术前均显著降低[(1.62±1.83)分比(8.57±1.21)分,(1.56±1.37)分比(8.65±1.01)分],差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),组间比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);两组术后ODI较术前均明显改善[(7.68±1.28)比(45.57±1.92),(9.89±1.05)比(45.65±1.25)],差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),组间比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 PVP与PKP治疗骨质疏松性胸腰椎骨折安全有效,PKP椎体高度恢复及骨水泥渗漏方面更优于PVP.     

骨填充网袋经皮椎体成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的临床疗效及预后观察

目的 观察骨填充网袋经皮椎体成形术(PVP)治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折(OVCF)的临床疗效及预后.方法 选择2018年2月至2020年2月于我院治疗的84例OVCF患者,按随机数字表法将其分为两组,各42例.对照组采用经皮椎体后凸成形术(PKP)治疗,观察组采用骨填充网袋PVP治疗.对比两组视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评...     

经皮椎体成形术在骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折中的应用比较

目的比较3种椎体成形术在治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折优缺点,总结经验。方法对疼痛性骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折(OVCF)患者51例(88病椎),分别采取经皮椎体成形术(PVP)、经皮球囊椎体后凸成形术(PKP)、经皮膨胀式椎体后凸成形术(SKY)3种术式,术后对疼痛、椎体高度等指标进行分析总结。结果 3种方法近期止痛效果显著,无差别,椎体后凸畸形矫正效果PVP、PKP优于PVP,中远期椎体止痛、矫正效果PVP、PKP较PVP下降。结论 3种方法各有优缺点,需综合患者的年龄、身体、病椎及经济情况,个体化选择。     

用经皮椎体成形术和经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗椎体压缩性骨折的疗效观察

目的 :探讨用经皮椎体成形术(percutaneous vertebroplasty,PVP)和经皮椎体后凸成形术(percutanous kyphoplasty,PKP)治疗椎体压缩性骨折的临床效果。方法 :对2010年10月~2013年12月期间我院收治的212例椎体压缩性骨折患者的临床资料进行回顾性研究。将这212例患者分为PVP组和PKP组,其中PVP组共有114例患者,PKP组共有98例患者。我院为PVP组患者(共133个椎体)使用PVP手术进行治疗,为PKP组患者(共106个椎体)使用PKP手术进行治疗。治疗结束后,比较两组患者进行手术前1天和进行手术后1天的VAS评分、术后伤椎增加的高度以及术后12个月伤椎高度丢失的情况。结果 :两组患者进行手术前1天和进行手术后1天的VAS评分相比差异不明显,不具有统计学意义(P>0.05)。PVP组患者术后伤椎增加的高度明显低于PKP组患者术后伤椎增加的高度,二者相比差异具有显著性(P<0.05)。在手术后12个月,我院对两组患者均进行了随访,结果发现,PVP组患者伤椎高度的丢失值明显低于PKP组患者伤椎高度的丢失值,二者相比差异具有显著性(P<0.05)。结论 :对椎体压缩性骨折患者使用PVP术和PKP术进行治疗均可起到缓解由椎体压缩性骨折引起的疼痛感。但用PKP术对椎体压缩性骨折患者进行治疗后,其复位的效果要优于PVP术,且患者在治疗过程中发生不良反应的几率较低。所以,PKP术在治疗椎体压缩性骨折方面更具优势,尤其适用于多个椎体压缩性骨折伴有脊柱侧弯畸形的患者。     

经皮椎体后凸成形术(PKP)在骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折中的应用

目的探讨经皮椎体后凸成形术(PKP)在骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折中的应用。方法选取2011年1月~2013年12月我院骨科行手术治疗的骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折患者68例。采用随机数字表将选取的68例患者分为PKP组(n=34)和PVP组(n=34),分别采用PKP和PVP方法进行手术治疗。观察两组患者的手术时间、骨水泥注入量、骨水泥渗漏和疼痛缓解情况,随访术后1个月椎体压缩率和Cobb’s角恢复情况。结果 PVP组患者的单个椎体手术时间和骨水泥注入量明显少于PKP组(P<0.05)。PVP组发生骨水泥渗漏14例(41.18%),PKP组发生骨水泥渗漏6例(17.65%),PVP组骨水泥渗漏发生率明显高于PKP组(χ2=4.53,P<0.05)。术后1周,两组患者VAS疼痛评分均较术前明显下降(P<0.01),两组患者VAS疼痛评分下降值比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后1月,两组患者椎体压缩率和Cobb’s角均较术前改善(P<0.05或P<0.01),且PKP组改善率明显优于PVP组(P<0.05)。结论 PVP和PKP治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的止痛效果均较好,均能有效地缓解患者的疼痛症状,PKP能更好地恢复椎体高度,减少骨水泥渗漏的发生率。     

经皮椎体后凸成形术与经皮椎体成形术治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的效果对比探讨

目的:探讨老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折患者应用经皮椎体后凸成形术(PKP)与经皮椎体成形术(PVP)治疗后的疗效。方法:采用随机数字表法将我院109例老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折患者分组,对照组54例应用PVP治疗,观察组55例给予PKP治疗,对比两组患者治疗后椎体压缩率、Cobb角改善情况、疼痛评分、生活质量及安全性。结果:观察组术后1、6个月Cobb角、椎体压缩率、VAS评分均低于对照组,SF-36评分高于对照组,并发症发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:PKP术能够更为有效减轻骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折患者疼痛,恢复脊柱序列,提升患者生活质量,安全性高。     

经皮椎体后凸成形术与经皮椎体成形术治疗老年胸椎压缩性骨折的临床效果比较

目的探讨经皮椎体后凸成形术(PKP)和经皮椎体成形术(PVP)治疗老年胸椎压缩性骨折的效果。方法选取2019年1月至2020年9月于我院治疗的老年胸椎压缩性骨折患者80例,根据手术差异性分为PVP组和PKP组,每组各40例,比较两组患者术中骨水泥注入量、术中透视时间、手术时间及术后并发症发生率及术前、术后3个月患者视觉模拟评分(Visual analogue scale,VAS)、伤椎前缘椎体高度及Cobb角。结果 PVP组患者骨水泥注入量为(4.79±0.92)mL,低于PKP组的(5.78±0.89)mL,术中透视时间为(8.14±1.02)min,手术时间为(28.15±6.63)min,短于PKP组的(9.94±1.38)min和(35.84±6.98)min,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);PVP组患者术后并发症发生率为27.50%,高于PKP组的10.00%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);术前PKP组和PVP组患者的VAS评分、伤椎前缘椎体高度及Cobb角比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);术后3个月PKP组患者伤椎前缘椎体高度为(27.27±2.04)mm,高于PVP组的(22.45±2.47)mm;Cobb角为(10.25±1.22)°,低于PVP组的(13.42±1.73)°,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 PKP可有效恢复压缩性椎体高度、降低骨水泥渗漏率,PVP手术时间短,临床上对于身体状况好者可首选PKP;而对于椎体压缩程度不严重、Cobb角相对较小的患者可首选PVP。     

经皮椎体成形术与经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的疗效分析

目的比较经皮椎体成形术（PVP）和经皮椎体后凸成形术（PKP）治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折（OVCF）的疗效与并发症。方法对64例骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩性骨折的患者随机分为A、B两组,其中A组35例采用PVP治疗,平均年龄76．5岁,B组29例采用PKP治疗,平均年龄75．4岁,分别于术前、术后1d及术后1年进行疼痛视觉类比评分（VAS）,并观察随访期间Cobb角矫正程度、骨水泥渗漏情况及相邻椎体骨折的发生率。结果两组术后各时间点的VAS评分、Cobb角矫正程度均明显改善（P〈0．05）,B组术后Cobb角矫正程度明显好于A组（P〈0．05）,B组术后骨水泥渗漏发生率明显低于A组（P〈0．05）,随访期间A组发生相邻椎体骨折发生率明显高于B组（P〈0．05）。结论PVP与PKP均可以显著缓解OVCF的疼痛,但与PVP相比较,PKP更有利于矫正脊柱后凸畸形,降低骨水泥渗漏及相邻椎体骨折的发生率。     

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy

A new method of removing calculi from the renal collecting system, in which the large and traumatic incision in the loin currently used is unnecessary, was attempted in 31 patients. Small dilators were introduced over a guide wire through a nephrostomy tube into the renal pelvis and a catheter inserted. The track was dilated in stages and two days later the nephrostomy tube was removed and a cystoscope introduced into the interior of the kidney. A stone basket was introduced down the operating channel of the cystoscope and maneuvered to secure the stone; the cystoscope, stone basket, and stone were then removed. The procedure failed in 11 of the 31 patients, in five because the needle could not be placed accurately initially and in six because the stone could not be removed despite the establishment of a nephrostomy track. In the remaining 20 patients the procedure was successful. This procedure is far less traumatic than the conventional operation. With the development of a flexible nephroscope and an ultrasonic stone disintegrator it will be possible also to remove larger stones and stones in the peripheral calices using this method.     

Percutaneous cholecystolithotomy

A percutaneous method was used to remove stones from otherwise normal gall bladders, as assessed by cholecystography and ultrasonography. The procedure was performed in a single stage under general anaesthesia, adopting the method and instruments used for one stage percutaneous nephrolithotomy. A Foley catheter was left in the gall bladder and the system checked with contrast at 10 days to ensure free drainage and exclude residual calculi. Seven out of eight patients had a successful percutaneous cholecystolithotomy. An adequate track could not be secured in one man; he had an uneventful cholecystectomy under the same anaesthetic. Follow up at three months of the seven patients showed no calculi and no complications. Percutaneous cholecystolithotomy may prove complementary to extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy in patients in whom there is difficulty focusing the shock waves on the gall bladder or who have had incomplete disintegration of stones.     

Percutaneous absorption

Clinical effectiveness of topically applied medications depends on the ability of the active ingredient to leave its vehicle and penetrate into the epidermis. The stratum corneum is that layer of the epidermis which functionally is the most important in limiting percutaneous absorption, showing the characteristics of a composite semipermeable membrane. A mathematical expression of transepidermal diffusion may be derived from Fick's Law of mass transport; factors altering the rate of diffusion are discussed.     

Percutaneous feeding gastrostomy

Percutaneous endoscopic gastrotomy tubes have been inserted in 50 patients with no mortality and minimal morbidity. The principal indications for their insertion were an inability to swallow (39 patients), a need for nutritional support (eight patients) and venting (three patients). The most common complication was peristomal wound infection (14 patients), the incidence of which was reduced significantly by the use of single-dose prophylactic antibiotic therapy. Percutaneous gastrostomies provide adequate nutrition with minimal morbidity in an acceptable way to both patients and those who care for them.