Medpor Titan外科种植体在眼眶爆裂性骨折修复术中的应用

目的评价镶嵌钛网高密度多孔聚乙烯（Medpor Titan）外科种植体在眼眶爆裂性骨折修复术中的作用。方法回顾性分析采用Medpor Titan修复眼眶爆裂性骨折的患者11例（11只眼）。术前存在眼球内陷、眼球运动障碍及复视,眼眶CT证实为眼眶爆裂性骨折。术后观察眼球突出度、眼球运动及复视等变化,并复查眼眶CT。结果术前9例合并眼球内陷有8例完全矫正,1例欠矫3 mm。术后眼球内陷1~3 mm,平均（-0.89±1.17）mm,与术前比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）;术前10例眼球运动障碍的患者9例恢复正常,1例好转;合并复视的6例患者中5例复视消失,1例改善。复查眼眶CT见眶壁骨折复位良好,Medpor Titan无移位、脱出,无肌肉及软组织嵌顿。结论 Medpor Titan不仅能较好的用于眼眶骨折修复,且能在影像学上很好地显影,是较理想的眼眶骨折修复材料。     

Effect of stem cells and fibrin concentration on the vascularization of the Medpor orbital implant

Background: To determine the effect of adipose‐derived adult stem cells (ADASCs) and optimal concentration of fibrin on fibrovascular ingrowth into porous polyethylene orbital implants (Medpor). Methods: Medpor sheet treated with O.25% fibrin only and ADASCs in mixtures containing fibrin (0.25%, 0.5% or 1.25%) were applied to a Medpor sheet and implanted in the back of each of 20 athymic nude mice. After 10 days, implants were removed and observed for fibrovascularization and stability. Haemoglobin, collagen and cellular DNA content were determined in quantitative assays. Results: Haemoglobin, collagen and cellular DNA levels were significantly higher in ADASC group than in the cell‐free implant (0.25% fibrin only) group (P < 0.01). The level of haemoglobin and collagen content was significantly higher in the ADASC + 0.5% fibrin group among the ADASC and fibrin mixtures (P < 0.01). Conclusion: ADASCs significantly improved fibrovascularization on Medpor compared with implants alone. Fibrin, used together with ADASCs to potentiate fibrovascularization, was most effective at concentrations of 0.5%.     

A prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of orbital radiotherapy for Graves' ophthalmopathy

CONTEXT: Although widely used for more than 85 years, the efficacy of radiotherapy for Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO) has not been established convincingly. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of radiotherapy for GO. DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, internally controlled, double-blind clinical trial in a tertiary care academic medical center. PARTICIPANTS: The patients were ethnically diverse males and females over age 30 seen in a referral practice. The patients had moderate, symptomatic Graves' ophthalmopathy (mean clinical activity score, 6.2) but no optic neuropathy, diabetes, recent steroid treatment, previous decompression, or muscle surgery. Forty-two of 53 consecutive patients were enrolled after giving informed consent and fulfilling study entry criteria. Eleven eligible patients declined to participate because of inconvenience, desire for alternative therapy, or concern about radiation. INTERVENTION: One randomly selected orbit was treated with 20 Gy of external beam therapy; sham therapy was given to the other side. Six months later, the therapies were reversed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Every 3 months for 1 year, we measured the volume of extraocular muscle and fat, proptosis, range of extraocular muscle motion, area of diplopia fields, and lid fissure width. Effective treatment for GO will modify one or more of these parameters. RESULTS: No clinically or statistically significant difference between the treated and untreated orbit was observed in any of the main outcome measures at 6 months. At 12 months, muscle volume and proptosis improved slightly more in the orbit that was treated first. CONCLUSIONS: In this group of patients, representative of those for whom radiotherapy is frequently recommended, we were unable to demonstrate any beneficial therapeutic effect. The slight improvement noted in both orbits at 12 months may be the result of natural remission or of radiotherapy, but the changes are of marginal clinical significance.     

Medpor板修复眼眶骨折合并眼球内陷的临床观察

目的：观察高密度多孔聚乙烯( Medpor )板在眼眶骨折合并眼球内陷修复术中的应用效果。
　　方法：对因眼眶骨折致眼球内陷患者17例17眼,采用Medpor板进行眶壁骨折修复手术。术后随访6mo,观察眼球突出度、眼球运动及复视等变化。
　　结果：术前患眼较对侧平均内陷(3.4±1.5) mm,术后6mo有2例残存眼球内陷1mm,其余15例眼球突出度与健眼差值小于1 mm。术前17例均存在眼球运动受限并伴有不同程度复视,术后6mo,16例患者眼球运动受限治愈,复视消失,1例患眼轻度外展受限并残存外侧水平复视。术后随访期间未见Medpor板的脱出、排斥、感染或其他不良反应。
　　结论：Medpor板可有效补充眼眶容积,修复眼球内陷等眼眶骨折并发症。     

The porous polyethylene (Medpor) spherical orbital implant: a retrospective study of 136 cases

PURPOSE: To evaluate complications and risk factors associated with the placement of wrapped and unwrapped porous polyethylene (PP) spherical implants after evisceration, enucleation, or secondary implantation. METHODS: A retrospective, interventional, noncomparative case series of consecutive cases of PP implant placement after anophthalmic socket surgery performed by three surgeons over a 5-year period. A PP spherical implant was placed in 133 patients, 61 women (2 bilaterally) and 72 men (1 bilaterally). There were 91 enucleations, 30 eviscerations, and 15 secondary implant placements. Sixty-six (48.5%) implants were wrapped prior to placement. Parameters evaluated included: age, sex, prior ocular surgery or radiation treatment, indications for surgery, procedure performed, size of PP sphere, material used to wrap the implant, and complications. RESULTS: A total of 17 of 136 (12.5%) cases had documented postoperative complications, with implant exposure being the most common. In 5 patients (3.7%), implant exposure developed: 1 after evisceration and 4 after primary enucleation. Three of the five exposures were small and resolved with either observation alone or in one case with surgical revision of the socket. In two cases, the exposures were large enough that removal of the implant was indicated, one after evisceration and the other after enucleation with placement of a wrapped PP sphere. CONCLUSIONS: Our series revealed no significant difference in exposure rate between wrapped and unwrapped PP sphere implants, nor was the exposure rate affected by whether an eye was eviscerated or enucleated.     

经结膜切口和经下睑缘切口眼眶爆裂性骨折Medpor修复的对比

目的对比两种不同切口进行眼眶爆裂性骨折多孔聚乙烯板Medpor修复的疗效。方法回顾性分析96例眼眶爆裂性骨折Medpor修复的手术效果,其中52例采用经结膜切口,44例采用经下睑缘下皮肤切口,术中均在分离还纳眶内容后植入修剪塑形的Medpor板。结果术后眼球突出度较术前均有不同程度的提高,经下睑缘下皮肤切口组提高更为明显。术前存在复视者术后均有改善。经结膜切口组18例术后早期结膜水肿,经治疗后17例消失1例残余小肉芽肿;经下睑缘切口组2例局部瘢痕明显,2例轻度下睑收缩巩膜暴露。结论两种切口行眼眶爆裂性骨折Medpor修复均可有效矫正眼球内陷及复视,但各有其优缺点,经结膜切口无可见瘢痕但术野小术后早期可出现结膜水肿及异物感;经下睑缘下皮肤切口术野暴露充分但术后可形成瘢痕,部分病例可形成下睑收缩或外翻。应根据具体情况选择最佳术式。     

Comparison between motility of biointegratable and silicone orbital implants

PURPOSE: To determine if there is a difference in motility between biointegratable orbital implants and silicone orbital implants in patients undergoing ocular evisceration. DESIGN: A retrospective comparative study. METHODS: We compared motility measuring the excursion of a mark on the conjunctiva at the center of the implant in eviscerated patients with silicone implants and biointegratable implants after same evisceration technique. RESULTS: Silicone implants had 0.5-mm increased movement in inferior and medial duction compared with biointegratable implants. The later had 0.1 mm of increased movement compared with silicone implants in lateral gaze. The greatest difference was in superior gaze, in which silicone implants had 1.5 mm more excursion than biointegratable implants. No significant difference was observed in horizontal and vertical movements between both groups. CONCLUSIONS: In our analysis, there does not seem to be any advantage, in terms of motility, in using biointegratable implants if "pegging" is not planned. Further studies are required.     

Abscessed porous polyethylene (Medpor) orbital implant: a case report

We report the evolution of clinical features of orbital implant infection in a 42-year-old man. Despite appropriate treatment recurrent conjunctival dehiscence could not be prevented. Explanation of the implant resulted in complete resolution of symptoms. Histopathological examination confirmed focal necrotising acute inflammation with the presence of colonies of the organism in the deep substance of the implant.     

复合性眼眶骨折手术中外科种植体的应用研究

目的 探讨高密度多孔聚乙烯（Medpor）及镶嵌钛网高密度多孔聚乙烯（Medpor Titan）外科种植体在复合性眼眶骨折整复手术中的应中应用的效果.方法 回顾性分析10例（10眼）Medpor或Medpor Titan外科种植体植入修复复合性眼眶骨折手术.观察眼球内陷、眼球位置及眼球运动等变化.结果 术后随访12个月,随访期间未发现外科种植体的脱出、排斥、感染或其他不良反应.术前患眼凹陷平均（3.00±0.75）mm,眼球下移平均（2.10±0.88） mm,6例存在眼球运动障碍.术后3例残存眼球凹陷1 mm,7例眼球凹陷矫正;8例眼球下移完全矫正,2例残留眼球下移1 mm;5例眼球运动障碍得以矫正,1例外展功能受限;8例复视消失,1例残存下方垂直复视,1例残存患眼外侧水平复视.结论 应用Medpor及Medpor Titan外科种植体治疗复合性眼眶骨折,可有效恢复眼眶容积,矫正眼球内陷等并发症.     

Silicone nasolacrimal intubation with mitomycin-C: a prospective,randomized, double-masked study

OBJECTIVE: To determine if mitomycin-C (MMC) application during silicone intubation (SI) can effectively substitute for dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) or Jones tube insertion. DESIGN: A prospective, randomized, double-masked study. PARTICIPANTS: Twenty-four patients (7 males, 17 females; aged 2-69 years) with 27 eyes (three bilateral cases) with an obstructed lacrimal system who were candidates for DCR or Jones tube. METHODS: All study patients underwent SI with application in a randomized, double-masked fashion of MMC or placebo, with the former receiving 0.2 mg/ml MMC for 2 minutes before SI. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Clinical assessment of tearing and discharge; Schirmer I and II tests at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months; and the need for eventual DCR or Jones tube insertion. RESULTS: Follow-up ranged from 13 to 23 months (mean, 18 months; median, 17 months). Seven of the 12 eyes in the MMC group and 8 of the 15 eyes in the placebo group had a successful outcome and remained symptom free. The difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.79). Dacryocystorhinostomy or Jones tube was performed in five eyes in the MMC group and in seven eyes in the placebo group 3 to 18 months later; all had successful outcome and no complications. Untoward effects of MMC application included a slit canaliculus and a transient conjunctival injection. A successful outcome using this combined technique does not appear to correlate with age, gender, laterality, and intraoperative bleeding observed at the punctum or for the duration of symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Mitomycin-C application during SI did not benefit outcome. Complications from such application were mild and infrequent.     

Comparison of orbital volumes in enucleated patients with unilateral retinoblastoma: hydroxyapatite implants versus silicone implants

PURPOSE: To compare the difference in volume between enucleated and contralateral, uninvolved orbits in patients with unilateral retinoblastoma treated with primary enucleation who received either hydroxyapatite or solid silicone implants. METHODS: In this retrospective, comparative interventional case series, data were reviewed for all patients (N = 33) with retinoblastoma at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital who underwent unilateral enucleation and received either hydroxyapatite or solid silicone implant from 1969 to 1999. Patients who received external beam radiation or systemic chemotherapy were excluded. CT and/or MRI were used to compare the difference in orbital volumes between the enucleated orbit and the contralateral orbit in 13 patients who underwent enucleation with hydroxyapatite implants vs. 20 patients who underwent enucleation with silicone implants. The main outcome measure was the difference in volume between enucleated and contralateral, uninvolved orbits correlated to implant material, which we determined using the Wilcoxon rank sum test. RESULTS: The median difference in orbital volumes between enucleated and contralateral, uninvolved orbits was 0.9 cm (range, -3.78 to 3.09 cm; quartiles, -0.37, 2.72 cm; mean +/- standard error [SE], 0.76 +/- 0.64 cm; 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.49 to 2.01 cm) for patients treated with hydroxyapatite implants vs. 0.63 cm (range, -4.43 to 3.91 cm; quartiles, 0, 2.13 cm; mean +/- SE, 0.8 +/- 0.41 cm; 95% CI, -0.004 to 1.6 cm) in patients treated with silicone sphere implants. The median differences did not differ between the 2 types of implant (p = .74). The median follow-up time was 137 months (range, 10-244 months; quartiles, 37, 179 months; mean +/- SE = 118.31 +/- 22.83 months; 95% CI, 73.56-163.06 months) and 144 months (range, 57-251 months; quartiles, 98, 154 months; mean +/- SE, 136.1 +/- 10.78 months; 95% CI, 114.97-157.23 months), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In unilateral retinoblastoma patients treated with primary enucleation, hydroxyapatite-integrated orbital implants provide no better symmetry of orbital volume than do more traditional silicone implants.     

鼻内镜辅助下Medpor Titan植入治疗眶壁骨折的临床研究

目的：探讨鼻内镜辅助下经结膜切口联合Medpor Titan植入行眼眶壁骨折整复的临床疗效。

方法：对16例16眼外伤导致的眼眶内壁、下壁、内下壁骨折患者,鼻内镜辅助下经泪阜结膜切口、下穹窿结膜切口、泪阜联合下穹窿结膜切口径路分离暴露骨折区,将嵌入副鼻窦的直肌、眶脂肪还纳眶内,Medpor Titan材料修补骨折缺损区。观察术后视力、眼球突出度、眼球运动、复视情况、眼眶CT。

结果：患者16例16眼中,术后观察3mo,所有患眼视力无下降,眼球内陷矫正,眼球运动无明显受限,复视消失,眼眶CT 植入物位置满意,未见植入物移位脱出。

结论：鼻内镜下经结膜切口联合Medpor Titan植入行眼眶壁骨折整复术,具有直视操作、骨折范围暴露清晰且手术安全可靠等优点,既恢复了患者的视功能和外观,又减少了并发症的发生,同时也避免术后遗留面部瘢痕,是临床上一种安全、有效的手术方法。     

Late orbital haemorrhage around alloplastic orbital floor implants: a case series and review

Background: Alloplastic implants have been used to repair orbital wall fractures and correct anophthalmic enophthalmos (or volume deficiency in an anophthalmic socket). Orbital haemorrhage is a rare complication of these implants. Method: A retrospective review of patient files of two consultant oculoplastic surgeons. Results: Four cases of orbital haemorrhage following alloplastic implants were identified. The haemorrhages occurred 5?18 years after surgery, and occurred within the pseudocapsule of the implant. In one case, recurrent haemorrhages were noted. Conclusion: Although rare, orbital haemorrhage is a potential complication of alloplastic orbital floor implants, which may present many years after surgery.     

Porous polyethylene (Medpor) orbital implant. Prospective study of 75 primary implantations

PURPOSE: To examine the incidence of orbital complications in patients who underwent primary placement of a porous polyethylene implant (Medpor) after enucleation. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Prospective non randomized case series of 75 consecutive patients in whom a porous polyethylene (PP) spherical implant wrapped with homologous sclera was implanted after enucleation. RESULTS: The mean age at the time of enucleation was 42.7 years (range, 1.4 to 80 years). The histopathological diagnoses after enucleation included uveal melanoma in 28 patients, retinoblastoma in 11 patients, phthisis bulbi in 23 patients, neovascular glaucoma in 5 patients, endophthalmitis in 3 patients, ruptured traumatic globe in 2 patients, microphthalmos in two patients, and medulloepithelioma in one patient. Thirty-four patients (45%) had had prior ocular surgery. The prosthesis was fitted after a mean interval of 4.5 weeks (range, 3 to 10 weeks). After a mean follow-up of 20 months (range, 3 to 33 months), there was one case (1%) of conjunctival dehiscence with material exposure secondary to massive postoperative orbital hemorrhage 2 weeks after enucleation. There was no case of orbital cellulitis, implant extrusion, or significant inflammatory response. No PP implant was drilled for peg placement. DISCUSSION-CONCLUSIONS: The anteriorly wrapped porous polyethylene orbital (Medpor) sphere appears to be well tolerated by all age groups with no major complication in primary implantation after enucleation.     

Intraoperative ketorolac and eye pain after viteoretinal surgery: a prospective,randomized, placebo-controlled study

PURPOSE: To compare the efficacy of one intraoperative dose of intravenous ketorolac tromethamine to saline placebo in controlling postoperative eye pain, nausea, and sedation following vitreoretinal surgery. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. METHODS: One hundred fourteen vitreoretinal surgical patients were randomized over a 7-month period to a single intraoperative intravenous dose of ketorolac tromethamine or placebo. All patients underwent surgery with intravenous sedation and retrobulbar anesthetic injection and had access to a standard postoperative analgesic regimen. After 2 and 5 hours, eye pain, nausea, and sedation levels were recorded using a standard visual analog scale. Analgesic requirements were tabulated. RESULTS: Patients given ketorolac were significantly less likely to have postoperative eye pain than were placebo-treated patients (P = 0.0043). Fewer ketorolac patients required postoperative analgesia than placebo patients did (P < 0.0001). Four ketorolac patients (7%) required a narcotic compared to 11 placebo patients (20%) (P < 0.0001). Fewer ketorolac patients experienced nausea and sedation than placebo patients did, but this difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Ketorolac tromethamine is an effective nonnarcotic choice for postoperative pain control following vitreoretinal surgery. Pain control is particularly important in this group of patients, whose compliance with postoperative procedures and positioning may significantly affect surgical outcome.     

Prophylactic laser treatment of soft drusen maculopathy: a prospective,randomized Nordic study

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate whether mild laser treatment of soft drusen maculopathy might reduce the incidence of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) and/or significantly reduce loss of visual acuity compared with outcomes in a control group. Methods: A total of 135 patients (mean age 70.4 years) were randomized into a treatment group of 67 subjects and a control group of 68 subjects. The treatment group was subdivided into a group of 54 subjects with bilateral soft drusen and a group of 13 subjects with unilateral soft drusen in the study eye and advanced AMD in the fellow eye. The control group was subdivided into a bilateral group of 54 subjects and a unilateral group of 14 subjects. Sub‐threshold or barely visible laser spots were scattered on and between drusen in the posterior pole. Inclusion of patients was stopped prematurely as other studies did not show any benefit from the treatment. Mean follow‐up time was 3.7 years. Results: More CNVs developed in the treated group (4/54 eyes in the bilateral group, 3/13 eyes in the unilateral group; 7/67 eyes in total) than in the control group (3/54 eyes in the bilateral group, 2/14 eyes in the unilateral group; 5/68 eyes in total) but these differences were not statistically significant for either the bilateral or unilateral groups (p = 0.20–0.32). No CNV developed in the bilateral treated group before 4 years of follow‐up. Visual acuity was significantly reduced from baseline to the last follow‐up in all groups (p < 0.0001–0.02) except the unilateral control group (p = 0.08), but there were no significant differences between the treated and control groups for either the bilateral or unilateral groups (p = 0.17–0.97). Conclusions: Mild prophylactic laser treatment of soft drusen maculopathy was neither beneficial nor harmful and cannot be recommended.