The Role of Self-Identity in Predicting College Students’ Intention to Consume Fruits and Vegetables

Objective

To identify factors influencing intention to consume fruits and vegetables (F&V) among college students by applying the Theory of Planned Behavior with the inclusion of self-identity and past behavior.

富顺县商业性性服务男性顾客安全套使用及其影响因素

目的了解富顺县商业性性服务男性顾客安全套使用情况及其影响因素。方法采用横断面研究设计,通过多途径招募纳入调查对象,进行面对面问卷调查,调查问卷依据计划行为理论进行设计。结果共调查95人,调查对象最近1次商业性性活动中安全套使用率为65.3%,最近半年安全套坚持使用率为44.2%。最近1次商业性性活动中安全套使用的影响因素为安全套使用意向(OR=24.789,P=0.001)、主动拒绝安全套(OR=0.016,P=0.001)、暗娼主动提出使用安全套(OR=9.712,P=0.016);最近半年安全套坚持使用的影响因素为安全套使用意向(OR=71.743,P(0.01);安全套使用意向的影响因素为态度(OR=1.566,P=0.006)、主观规范(OR=0.603,P=0.049)、感受到的行为控制(OR=1.873,P(0.01)、暗娼主动提供安全套(OR=0.038,P=0.008)和艾滋病知识(OR=15.62,P=0.019)。结论商业性性服务男性顾客安全套使用率低,安全套使用行为与安全套使用意向及情境因素相关,同时安全套使用意向受到个体态度、主观行为规范、感受到的行为控制以及情境因素的影响。     

Predictors of intention to eat 2.5 cups of vegetables among ninth-grade students attending public high schools in eastern North Carolina

ObjectiveTo identify beliefs about eating 2.5 cups of vegetables and to assess how well these beliefs predict intention to eat them.DesignA survey based on the Theory of Planned Behavior.SettingTwo public high schools in 2 counties in eastern North Carolina.Participants157 ninth-grade students (mean age = 14.71 years [SD = 0.82]).AnalysisRegression analysis was performed to assess how well the variables of the Theory of Planned Behavior predicted behavioral intention to eat 2.5 cups of vegetables.FindingsAttitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control predicted 77.2% of variance of intention to eat 2.5 cups of vegetables (F [3, 154] = 178.05, P < .001). Attitude was the strongest predictor (β = 0.434, P < .001), followed by subjective norms (β = 0.372, P < .001) and perceived behavioral control (β = 0.159, P < .021).Conclusions and ImplicationsFactors such as impact of parents and peers, availability of vegetables at home and in school, and making sure that vegetables offered to teens are tasty are important in increasing their intention to eat the recommended amount of vegetables. These factors could help education campaigns targeted toward teens be more successful.     

Predicting Intentions to Eat a Healthful Diet by College Baseball Players: Applying the Theory of Planned Behavior

ObjectiveTo assess factors important to college baseball players regarding intention to eat a healthful diet within the Theory of Planned Behavior.DesignA survey based on the Theory of Planned Behavior was administered during the 2006 summer league season from 5 of the Northern Division teams of the Coastal Plain League.ParticipantsMale undergraduate college baseball players (mean [standard deviation (SD)] age 20.25 [1.12]).Phenomenon of InterestPrediction of behavioral intention to eat a healthful diet.AnalysisRegression analysis was used to assess how well the variables of the Theory of Planned Behavior predicted behavioral intention to eat a healthful diet.ResultsAttitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavior control variables accounted for 72% of the variance in behavioral intention to eat a healthful diet. Attitude had the greatest influence on intention (β = .383, P < .001), followed by subjective norms (β = .291, P < .001), and perceived behavioral control (β = .269, P < .001). Athletes' daily schedule and their perception of the impact of a healthful diet on their focus and concentration had the biggest impact on intention to eat healthful food.Conclusions and ImplicationsUniversity athletic administration must emphasize providing access to healthful food, especially during the season, both at home and while traveling to games.     

Predictors of Treatment Seeking Intention among People with Cough in East Wollega,Ethiopia Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior: A Community Based Cross-Sectional Study

Background

Early treatment seeking for cough is crucial in the prevention and control of Tuberculosis. This study was intended to assess treatment seeking intention of people with cough of more than two weeks, and to identify its predictors.

Methods

A community based cross-sectional study was conducted among 763 individuals with cough of more than two weeks in East Wollega Zone from March 10 to April 16, 2011. Study participants were selected from eighteen villages by cluster sampling method. Data collection instruments were developed according to the standard guideline of the theory of planned behavior. The data were analyzed with SPSS 16.0. Multiple linear regression was used to identify predictors.

Results

Mean score of intention was found to be 12.6 (SD=2.8) (range of possible score=3–15). Knowledge (β=0.14, 95%CI: 0.07-0.2), direct attitude (β=0.31, 95%CI: 0.25–0.35), belief-based attitude (β=0.03, 95%CI: 0.02–0.06) and perceived subjective norm (β=0.22, 95%CI: 0.13–0.31) positively predicted treatment seeking intention. However, perceived behavioral control and control belief were not significantly associated with treatment seeking intention (p>0.05). Being smoker (β=−0.97, 95%CI:−1.65 (−0.37)) and higher family income (β=−0.06, 95%CI:−0.07-(−0.01) were significantly associated with lower treatment seeking intention.

Conclusion

TPB significantly predicted treatment seeking intention among the study participants. Attitude and silent beliefs held by the respondents play an important role and should be given emphasize in prevention and control of Tuberculosis.     

艾滋病/性病/安全性行为同伴教育项目评价设计

本文简述了同伴教育的涵义及特征：提出了在１９９８ 年９ － １２ 月,于北京某医科和某工科大学一年级学生中开展艾滋病／ 性病／ 安全性行为同伴教育项目评价的设计问题,内容包括形成评价、制定计划方案、同伴教育者的征募、培训评价、项目评价等,以保证该项目的合理性和有效性,并获得成功。     

北京某医科大学学生对艾滋病／性病／安全性行为教育需求的定性研究

1997年6－7月，运用定性研究方法，对在一年级学生中开展艾滋病／性病／安全性行为教育的需求和态度在北京某医大学生和教工中进行了调查并配合问卷调查进行了5个专题小组讨论和11人次的个人深入访谈。为制定教育计划收集了背景信息。对专题小组讨论和个人访谈的方法学作了简要的介绍和讨论。     

大学生安全性行为意向影响因素的通径分析

目的 探讨大学生的艾滋病/安全性行为相关知识，认知，态度和自我效能对婚前性行为意向和安全性行为意向的影响强度和方向。方法 利用通径分析法进行分析。结果 大学生艾滋病/安全性行为知识会促进其对安全性行为益处和艾滋病易感性的认知。进而增强其自我效能，最终增强其采纳安全性行为的意向；自尊心是决定自我效能的重要因素；大学生对待婚前/外性行为的赞成程度在很大程度上决定了其发生婚前性行为的意向，而安全性行为益处的认知和安全性行为意向越强，发生婚前性行为的意向也越强。结论 初步建立了大学生预防艾滋病/采纳安全性行为意向的模式，建议在教育内容选择中考虑这些因素。     

基于计划行为理论的川中某县暗娼高危行为及影响因素研究

目的了解川中某县女性商业性性服务人群高危行为特点,应用计划行为理论筛选其影响因素,为健康干预提供指导。方法采用横断面研究设计,利用分层整群抽样法,使用匿名问卷在娱乐场所内进行面对面调查。结果回收有效调查问卷150份,调查对象年龄17~45岁,年龄中位数为28岁。安全套正确使用知识知晓率为16.7%。最近1个月商业性性行为中安全套坚持使用率为57.0%。非条件多元Logistic回归分析显示行为意向(OR=4.754,P=0.033)、主观行为规范(OR=2.587,P=0.018)、知觉行为控制(OR=3.714,P=0.001)和最近1周接待客人数(OR=0.426,P=0.034)是该人群安全套使用的主要影响因素。结论娱乐场所女性性服务工作者安全套坚持使用率偏低,可利用计划行为模式筛选影响因素,开展针对性健康干预。     

Factors Associated with Very Early Weaning Among Primiparas Intending to Breastfeed

Objectives: The major objective of this study was to identify predictor variables that accurately differentiated breastfeeding women who weaned during the first 4 weeks, those who weaned between 5 and 26 weeks, and those who weaned after 26 weeks. Predictors were demographic variables, Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) variables, breastfeeding knowledge, and difficulties experienced during the first month. Methods: Primiparas who delivered healthy infants in an urban midwestern hospital provided initial data prior to discharge. Follow-up occurred at 1,3,6,9, and 12 months. Following appropriate bivariate analyses, polychotomous logistic regression was used to determine predictors of weaning group. Linear multiple regression was used to predict intended duration. Results: Most of the 84 women who weaned very early had intended to breastfeed considerably longer. According to the multivariate analysis, women who weaned earlier were younger, had completed fewer years of education, had a more positive bottle-feeding attitude and a less positive breastfeeding attitude, intended to breastfeed less time, had lower knowledge scores, had higher perceived insufficient milk scores, and planned to work outside the home. Variables postulated by the TPB to be direct predictors of intention explained 36% of the variance in intended duration. Conclusions: Women at risk for early weaning can be identified with reasonable accuracy using a TPB-based conceptual framework expanded to include breastfeeding specific variables. Casefinding using empirically derived screening methods and careful postpartum follow-up, along with professional intervention, should be used to avert unintended early weaning.     

高校非医学专业学生避孕服务需求调查

目的 了解河南省高校非医学专业学生的避孕服务状况,针对存在的问题进行分析,提出对策和建议. 方法 运用多阶段整群抽样方法在河南省3所高校进行抽样,采用自制调查表对研究对象进行面对面访谈,内容包括:基本信息、性行为、避孕知识获取渠道、对生殖健康与避孕教育的态度等. 结果 获得生殖健康知识来源于媒体的女生(44.36％)高于男生(34.70％),差异有统计学意义(x2=18.917,P=0.001),不同学历学生希望采取的教育形式比例接近,经x2检验,差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).高校学生在发生意外妊娠时最需要的服务中,男女之间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05). 结论 高校非医学专业学生接受正规避孕服务和教育是必要的.     

在校医学生与非医学生饮酒相关知识、态度、行为调查

目的了解和比较医学生与非医学生饮酒现状及影响因素,为开展控制酗酒健康教育提供基础依据。方法对南充市三大高校采取匿名随机抽样问卷调查。结果该市在校大学生饮酒率68.7%;男生83.8%;女生54.0%,男生饮酒率显著高于女生(χ2=93.846,P0.05),其中医学生占64.1%(307/478),非医学生占73.2%(350/478),医学生饮酒率低于非医学生(χ2=8.998,P0.05)。82.3%的调查对象认为饮酒是社会交往的需要。结论大学生饮酒行为不容忽视,倡导大学生良好的社会交往方式,将是控制大学生饮酒的重要方法。     

某高职高专学生营养知识、态度、行为调查

目的了解高职高专学生目前营养知识、态度和饮食行为的现状,为对学生进行营养健康教育提供依据。方法采用自编调查表对成都纺织高等专科学校987名学生进行调查,对数据进行统计并经χ2检验分析。结果该校大学生营养知识知晓率为53.3%,其中女生、男生、城镇、农村、大一、大二分别为56.8%、48.2%、60.6%、51.9%、51.2%和57.6%,女生、城镇学生分别高于男生、农村学生且差异均有统计学意义(χ2=7.08、4.20,P<0.05);学生对营养态度较积极的为89.6%,其中女生、男生、城镇、农村、大一、大二分别为96.3%、79.5%、92.1%、89.1%、92.1%和84.5%,其大一、女生分别优于大二、男生且差异有统计学意义(χ2=13.36、71.02,P<0.05);学生营养健康行为采纳率为33.4%,其中女生、男生、城镇、农村、大一和大二分别为34.7%、31.6%、39.4%、32.3%、35.2%和30.0%,其女生、城镇和大一分别高于男生、农村和大二且差异均无统计学意义(χ2=2.63、1.04、3.16,P>0.05)。结论学生营养知识和健康行为普遍缺乏,营养态度较为积极。应对高职高专学生采取以营养健康教育为基础的营养健康促进,合理营养、平衡膳食,提高学生健康素质。     

某高校大学生的SARS知识、态度、信念及行为（KABP）研究

目的 了解在校大学生对SARS的认知情况、态度、信念及相关行为。方法 以在校的250名本科生为调查对象，进行问卷调查，现场填写并收回，计算各条目的答对率，用卡方检验比较不同专业学生的KABP。结果 绝大多数在校大学生对非典型肺炎的认知情况令人满意。结论 在校大学生对SARS相关知识的掌握较全面，对预防疾病的感染和传播有较强的自我保护意识，表明政府以及学校等部门关于SARS的健康教育及时有效。     

徐州某学院高职生恋爱观、性观念现状及相关因素分析

目的了解徐州某学院高职生的恋爱观和性观念现状,为对学生进行心理健康指导提供科学依据。方法2012年5月采用整群分层抽样的方法,抽取徐州技师学院782名五年制高职生为调查对象,用自行设计问卷进行调查。结果有59．82％的学生在读职校之前就已经有了谈恋爱的经历。在恋爱过、考虑恋爱、正在恋爱的学生中,女生作答的比例高于男生,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;有14．78％的学生表示与异性有过性行为,男生作答的高于女生,差异有统计学意义（P〈O．05）。结论学校应加强学生恋爱道德的教育,积极对学生进行性教育,这对于促进学生学习。稳定校园环境有积极作用。     

大学生自我价值感水平对焦虑的影响

目的 探讨大学生的自我价值感与状态特质焦虑之间的关系.方法 采用青少年自我价值感量表和状态特质焦虑量表对成渝两地641名大学生的自我价值感和焦虑状况进行团体测试.结果 1.状态焦虑和特质焦虑得分都与自我价值感量表上各因子得分呈显著负相关;2.高自我价值感者和低自我价值感者在状态焦虑和特质焦虑上差异有统计学意义,低自我价值感者表现出高焦虑;3.运用线性回归发现,大学生个人取向心理特殊自我价值感、个人取向生理特殊自我价值感、个人取向家庭特殊自我价值感以及社会取向心理特殊自我价值感对状态焦虑具有一定的预测性;而个人取向心理特殊自我价值感、个人取向生理特殊自我价值感、社会取向家庭特殊自我价值感、社会取向心理特殊自我价值感对特质焦虑具有一定的预测性.结论 大学生自我价值感水平的高低与焦虑存在着密切的关系.     

大学生自我价值感水平对焦虑的影响

目的探讨大学生的自我价值感与状态特质焦虑之间的关系。方法采用青少年自我价值感量表和状态特质焦虑量表对成渝两地641名大学生的自我价值感和焦虑状况进行团体测试。结果1.状态焦虑和特质焦虑得分都与自我价值感量表上各因子得分呈显著负相关;2.高自我价值感者和低自我价值感者在状态焦虑和特质焦虑上差异有统计学意义,低自我价值感者表现出高焦虑;3.运用线性回归发现,大学生个人取向心理特殊自我价值感、个人取向生理特殊自我价值感、个人取向家庭特殊自我价值感以及社会取向心理特殊自我价值感对状态焦虑具有一定的预测性;而个人取向心理特殊自我价值感、个人取向生理特殊自我价值感、社会取向家庭特殊自我价值感、社会取向心理特殊自我价值感对特质焦虑具有一定的预测性。结论大学生自我价值感水平的高低与焦虑存在着密切的关系。     

Two Studies Examining Environmental Predictors of Heavy Drinking by College Students

Two sequential studies are presented that examine the validity of a set of environmental variables to predict heavy drinking at college students' most recent drinking occasions. Random telephone interviews (n = 1609, n = 400) of graduate and undergraduate students attending two large public universities in the southwestern United States were conducted during three separate surveys in 2000 and 2001. An original interview schedule was used and it included measures that examined environmental characteristics of students' most recent drinking events, motivations for drinking, demographics, and alcohol consumption. Using nonparametric exploratory and confirmatory discriminant analyses to distinguish between heavy episodic and nonheavy episodic drinking events, a discriminant function was identified that included the following environmental variables: (1) having many people intoxicated at an event, (2) having illicit drugs available at an event, (3) BYOB events and, (4) the playing of drinking games at the event. The validity of these environmental variables to predict heavy drinking among students was supported in a subsequent study examining a separate sample from the same student population. Environmental factors can be useful to predict heavy drinking events experienced by students. Prevention programs would benefit from targeting such factors in combination with more traditional individual-level approaches.     

高校学生避孕节育干预的效果评价与分析

目的:分析专题讲座对大学生避孕节育知、信、行的影响,为在高校开展适宜的避孕节育教育提供理论依据。方法:使用调查问卷,在开展避孕节育专题讲座前和讲座后半年共2次调查大学生避孕节育相关知识、态度和行为情况,对干预前后的数据做对比分析。结果:通过干预,大学生对女性最容易妊娠的时间、紧急避孕不能代替常规避孕和紧急避孕方法的认知率提高,差异具有统计学意义(P0.01);通过干预,选择避孕药具时最优先考虑避孕效果的比例升高,而反对西方流行的"性解放"观念、反对大学生未婚同居的比例下降,差异具有统计学意义(P0.01);通过干预,大学生发生性交行为时每次都采取了避孕措施,性交中采用避孕套作为避孕措施的比例升高,半年内发生过意外妊娠的比例下降,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论:专题讲座提高了大学生对避孕节育的认知,增强了其安全性行为的意识,同时也导致大学生性的态度更加开放,提示在大学生中采用自愿参与的专题讲座能在一定程度改善大学生的避孕节育知识和行为,但是性教育中应强化性道德和性节制的教育。