联合运用四种技术进行血友病A的基因诊断

目的：最大限度地提高血友病A（HA）患者及家系成员的基因诊断、携带者检出及产前诊断的可诊断率。方法：对于26例HA患者和家系的女性家属首先采用长距离DNA扩增（LD-PCR）技术,直接检测是否为FⅧ基因倒位及其携带者;对于非倒位的HA家系依次采用Bcl I PCR/RFLP分析技术、基因内含子13（CA）n、内含子22（GT）n(AG)n二核苷酸重复序列多态性分析技术以及与FⅧ基因紧密连锁的可变串联重复序列多态性分析技术（St14 VNTR/PCR)进行间接诊断。结果：在26个HA家系的16个重型家系中查出7个基因倒位,占重型HA的43.8%。19个非倒位HA家系,用上述三种间接诊断技术分别有16、13及17个HA家系可以作出诊断,可诊断率分别为84.2%、68.4%和89.5%,联合上述四种技术,对26个HA家系全部作出了诊断。结论：联合采用四种基因诊断技术,几乎可以为所有有家庭史的HA家系作出基因诊断及携带者检出。     

LD-PCR直接基因诊断重型血友病A的研究

目的：检测凝血因子VⅢ基因倒位，提高对重型血友病A患者及其携带者的诊断水平。方法：根据患者的出血症状及遗传史，采用国际通用的一期法检测患者血浆凝因因子VⅢ活性（FVⅢ：C），ELISA法检测血浆vWF:Ag浓度，确诊血友病A及其携带者，对38例重型HA患者及其母亲或姨母，采用长距离DNA扩增（LD－PCR）技术检测是否存在凝血因子VⅢ（FVⅢ）基因倒位，进行直接基因诊断。结果：38例无亲缘关系的重型血友病A患者中，发现15例患者（或家系）有FVⅢ基因倒位，占重型患者的41％；该15例家系中查出基因倒位携带者5名，结论：利用LD－PCR检测FVⅢ基因倒位技术可以准确，简便而快速地直接进行重型血友病A的基因诊断和携带者检测。     

非凝血因子Ⅷ基因内含子22倒位型血友病A家系11例产前诊断

目的:探讨用多态性位点分析进行非凝血因子Ⅷ基因内含子22倒位型血友病A产前诊断.方法:用PCR-琼脂糖电泳、PCR-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳、PCR-限制性酶切片段长度多态性等方法,选择FⅧ基因内BclⅠ位点、XbaⅠ位点、CA-13、CA-22,FⅧ基因旁侧DXS52(ST14)和DXS15位点,对11例非凝血因子Ⅷ基因内含子22倒位型血友病A家系进行产前诊断.结果:11例非凝血因子Ⅷ基因内含子22倒位型血友病A家系均可通过使用6个多态位点进行产前诊断,其中4例家系胎儿为血友病患者的可能性大,选择了引产,另7例家系胎儿为健康个体的可能性大,出生后经诊断均健康.结论:检测FⅧ基因内、外多个多态性位点可对非凝血因子Ⅷ基因内含子22倒位型血友病A家系进行高效、快速的产前诊断.     

血友病A患者凝血因子Ⅷ基因内含子1倒位的检测

目的 检测中国血友病A(HA)患者中凝血因子Ⅷ(FⅧ)基因内含子1倒位(inv1)的发生频率,并和国外相关资料相比较,明确部分中国HA患者的发病机制.方法 用一期法检测158例无关家系HA患者的FⅧ活性(FⅧ:C),进行HA表型诊断;分别采用长距离和双管多重PCR技术检测内含子22倒位(inv22)和invl;直接测序法进行FⅧ基因全长序列分析.结果 在158例无关家系的HA患者中发现有2例(家系)invl阳性,检出率为1.26%;对其中1例阳性患者家系进行调查,发现1例罕见女性HA患者为invl携带者.对女性患者另一条染色体FⅧ基因进行全长测序,未发现有新基因突变.结论 invl在中国HA人群中发生率相对较低.女性HA患者为inv1杂合子,其发病考虑为与X染色体非随机失活有关.     

甲型血友病基因诊断的研究

本文对5个甲型血友病家系,24名成员进行了基因诊断。应用Bcl Ⅰ/I14-E18检测家系C及D的携带者分别为3.0kb/2.3kb及3.3 kb/2.3kb杂合体,而可以Bcl Ⅰ/I14-E18 RFLP连锁分析作基因诊断。以PCR技术RFLP连锁分析家系A与B,发现其携带者为142 bp/99 bp杂合子,其致病基因与142 bp片段连锁。对1名携带者孕妇抽取绒毛组织进行DNA分析,以Bgl Ⅱ/Dx 13 RFLP连锁分析结果,胎儿为甲型血友病,建议中止妊娠。     

产前诊断染色体倒位的临床效应研究

目的分析胎儿染色体倒位的产前诊断指征分布,探讨胎儿染色体倒位的临床效应。方法对2013年1月至2018年12月于本院产前诊断中心进行羊水染色体核型分析并检出为胎儿染色体倒位的99例病例进行回顾性分析。结果 99例胎儿染色体倒位病例中,高龄孕妇30例,倒位携带者4例,唐筛高风险者51例,超声结果异常者9例,不良孕产史者5例。其中,新发倒位8例,占8.08%,遗传性倒位91例,占91.92%,而遗传性倒位胎儿产前超声表型异常5例,异常率5.49%(5/91),新发倒位者产前超声表型异常6例,异常率75%(6/8),两者相比,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。本研究中,有4例伴随非整倍体异常、3例伴随超声结果异常产妇选择终止妊娠,其余均继续妊娠。结论在产前诊断过程中,胎儿染色体倒位应进一步明确倒位的性质,确定是新发还是遗传,并重视孕期超声检查,尤其新发倒位应严密监测,并结合CNV-Seq等分子检测手段是确定胎儿是否存在遗传物质的变化,为孕妇提供科学的妊娠指导。     

染色体与遗传

071474血友病甲基因分析技术的改进及其在产前诊断中的应用/梁燕…∥中华医学遗传学杂志·—2007,24(4)·—437~439对血友病甲基因分析技术进行改进并应用于携带者检查和产前诊断。方法:长距离聚合酶链反应方法直接检测凝血因子Ⅷ第22内含子倒位,对非倒位家系用FⅧ基因内限制酶切位点XbaⅠ、HindⅢ、二核苷酸重复序列多态性位点STR13和STR22,以及基因外可变数目串联重复序列DXS52(St14)位点进行基因连锁分析。结果:52个家系共检出71位携带者。21个家系为第22内含子倒位,28个家系经连锁分析得到明确诊断,3个家系无法诊断,可诊断家系占9…     

宫内产前诊断胎儿120例染色体核型结果与分析

目的:分析胎儿染色体异常出现的频率及与产前诊断指征的关系.方法:对有产前诊断指征的120例妊娠16～36周的孕妇进行羊膜腔穿刺或脐静脉穿刺术,取羊水细胞或脐血细胞培养并进行胎儿染色体核型分析.结果:120例产前诊断中,染色体异常7例,占5.83%(7/120).其中高龄和唐氏高危孕妇42例进行胎儿染色体检查,异常染色体检出率为0;孕妇本人或丈夫染色体结构异常携带者8例,胎儿染色体异常检出率为50.00%(4/8);胎儿畸形7例,异常染色体检出率为14.29%(1/7).结论:在各类产前诊断指征中,出现胎儿染色体异常者依次以父或母为染色体结构异常携带者、B超检查胎儿异常者的频率高.     

胎儿脐血染色体异常核型58例分析

【目的】分析胎儿染色体异常的类型以及与产前诊断指征的关系。【方法】有产前诊断指征的 12 0 0例孕妇 ,在妊娠 17～ 38周时取脐血做染色体核型分析。【结果】检出染色体异常核型 5 8例 (4 8% )。 5 8例异常核型主要为染色体三体32例 (5 5 % ) ,2 1三体 19例 (33 % ) ;另检出染色体易位 10例 (17% ) ,染色体倒位 8例 (14% )。在各种产前诊断指征中 ,高龄孕妇检出胎儿异常核型 18例 (31% ) ,父或母为染色体平衡易位携带者检出胎儿核型与其相同 15例 (2 6 % )。B超发现异常而检出异常核型 11例 (19% ) ,胎儿宫内发育迟缓检出染色体异常 7例 (12 % ) ,妊娠血浆相关蛋白异常值检出染色体异常 8例(14% )。【结论】染色体三体 ,特别是 2 1三体是最主要的胎儿异常核型。在各类产前诊断指征中 ,依次为高龄、父或母为染色体结构异常携带者、B超异常、胎儿宫内发育迟缓、妊娠血浆相关蛋白异常值。     

应用巢式PCR扩增孕妇血浆中胎儿SRY基因

目的:利用孕妇血浆中胎儿DNA进行无创产前诊断.方法:对包括10例X连锁隐性遗传病携带者的60例14～22孕周孕妇的血浆DNA进行巢式PCR,扩增胎儿来源的Y染色体特异性SRY基因.结果:38例妊娠男胎的孕妇中32例出现SRY基因扩增带,灵敏度为84.2%.22例妊娠女胎的孕妇中4例出现SRY扩增带,特异性为81.8%,总符合率为83.3%(50/60).10例X连锁隐性遗传病携带者中7例妊娠男胎的孕妇中6例检出SRY基因,3例妊娠女胎的孕妇均未检出SRY基因.结论:采用巢式PCR技术检测母体血浆中的胎儿DNA进行产前性别鉴定具有较高的灵敏度和特异性,在遗传病的产前诊断中具有很大的应用前景.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.