不同浓度甲磺酸罗哌卡因用于剖宫产术后硬膜外镇痛的比较

目的比较剖宫产术后两种浓度甲磺酸罗哌卡因(达卡)的硬膜外镇痛效果。方法40例择期剖宫产病人随机分成两组,每组20例,术毕接持续镇痛泵(100 ml,2 ml/h):Ⅰ组浓度0.179%甲磺酸罗哌卡因,Ⅱ组浓度0.268%甲磺酸罗哌卡因。观察术后4、8、16、24、32 h静卧时疼痛程度(采用视觉模拟评分法)和对应时点下肢运动阻滞程度(采用Bromage评分法)及术后不良反应,记录VAS评分值和Bromage评分值及术后不良反应发生率。结果两组病人术后4、8、16 h VAS评分差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组病人术后24、32 h VAS评分,术后4、8 h Bromage评分及不良反应发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),两组病人术后16 h Bromage评分绝大部分观察值为0。结论0.268%甲磺酸罗哌卡因比0.179%的甲磺酸罗哌卡因更适合剖宫产术后硬膜外镇痛。     

罗哌卡因用于可行走的硬膜外术后镇痛的临床研究

目的:对比观察罗哌卡因用于可行走的硬膜外术后镇痛的理想浓度和效果。方法:200例妇产料手术,随机分为两组:布比卡因组(B组)和罗哌卡因组(L组)。术后镇痛均采用硬膜外自控镇疯(PCEA),镇痛液为0.075％布比卡因和0.075％罗哌卡因分别复合芬太尼0.2mg、氟哌啶5mg。术后第4、8、12、24、36、48h记录镇痛评分(VAS)、运动神经阻滞评分、不良反应及生命体征。结果:两组生命体征均稳定,VAS评分无明显差异。运动功能评分,L组明显优于B组,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05)。结论;0.075％罗哌卡因用于术后镇痛效果好,运动神经阻滞轻微,是可行走的硬膜外术后镇痛的理想浓度。     

甲磺酸罗哌卡因与盐酸罗哌卡因用于硬膜外麻醉的临床观察

目的 评价甲磺酸罗哌卡因和盐酸罗哌卡因在下腹部和下肢手术患者中硬膜外麻醉的临床疗效及安全性.方法 选择下腹部或下肢手术受试者142例,随机均分为甲磺酸罗哌卡因组(A组)和盐酸罗哌卡因组(B组).取L1～2或L2～3穿刺点行硬膜外穿刺,向头端置管3 cm,注入首次剂量罗哌卡因15 ml.观察两组感觉阻滞起效时间、持续时间、感觉阻滞范围及运动阻滞Bromage评分及运动阻滞起效、持续时间;连续监测生命体征变化情况;观察术前及术后24 h内肝功能、肾功能等指标变化和低血压、心动过缓等不良反应.结果 两组感觉阻滞及运动阻滞各项观察指标差异均无统计学意义;受试者术中各项生命体征基本平稳;A组不良反应发生率为16.91%,明显低于B组的33.80%(P<0.05);两组均未发生严重不良事件.结论 甲磺酸罗哌卡因用于下腹部和下肢手术硬膜外麻醉安全有效,与盐酸罗哌卡因相当.     

甲磺酸罗哌卡因与盐酸罗哌卡因在硬膜外麻醉中的比较

盐酸罗哌卡因为长效酰胺类局麻药，广泛应用于硬膜外麻醉和术后镇痛，效果确切，中枢神经系统及心脏毒性较小。甲磺酸罗哌卡因是一种国产新型长效酰胺类局麻药，在化学结构上将盐酸罗哌卡因的盐酸根改为甲磺酸根。本研究比较手术患者甲磺酸罗哌卡因与盐酸罗哌卡因硬膜外麻醉的效果。     

曲马多或芬太尼与罗哌卡因配伍用于术后硬膜外镇痛的临床观察

目的比较曲马多、芬太尼分别和罗哌卡因配伍用于术后硬膜外镇痛的效果,评价其安全性。方法选择经腹子宫切除术120例,随机分为3组。A组:0.15%罗哌卡因40例;B组:0.15%罗哌卡因+0.0003%芬太尼40例;C组0.15%罗哌卡因+0.5%曲马多40例。术后使用微量输注泵进行硬膜外镇痛。监测术后不同时间点的VAS评分,观察恶心、呕吐、皮肤搔痒等不良反应情况。结果 A组VAS评分明显高于B组以及C组,有显著差异(P<0.05);B组和C组VAS评分无明显差异(P>0.05);B组恶心、呕吐发生率高于A组和C组(P<0.05)。结论曲马多与罗哌卡因联合应用效果好、不良反应发生率低,是一种较为安全有效的术后硬膜外镇痛配伍用药。     

罗哌卡因与布比卡因复合芬太尼用于术后镇痛的比较

我院自2003年6月～2004年8月应用低浓度罗哌卡因与布比卡因复合芬太尼应用于硬膜外麻醉后病人自控镇痛(PCEA)40例，比较低浓度罗哌卡因与布比卡因复合芬太尼应用于(PCEA)的效果差异，探讨罗哌卡因复合芬太尼的术后镇痛效果。     

下腹部手术病人甲磺酸罗哌卡因和盐酸罗哌卡因硬膜外麻醉的效果

盐酸罗哌卡因是一种长效酰胺类局麻药，镇痛效果好，肌松作用完善，不良反应少。甲磺酸罗哌卡因为国产新型酰胺类局麻药，其离解常数及比旋度与罗哌卡因盐酸盐相近，但其硬膜外麻醉的效果尚需进一步探讨。本研究采用随机、单盲设计的多中心研究，通过观察下腹部手术病人甲磺酸罗哌卡因与盐酸罗哌卡因硬膜外麻醉的效果，评价甲磺酸罗哌卡因硬膜外麻醉的可行性。     

罗哌卡因复合曲马多用于剖宫产术后镇痛的临床观察

目的 观察腰-硬联合麻醉(CSEA)在剖宫产术后应用不同浓度罗哌卡因复合曲马多行病人自控硬膜外镇痛(PCEA)的镇痛效果和不良反应.方法 60例足月初产妇,ASA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,在CSEA下行择期剖宫产术.术后采用不同浓度罗哌卡因复合曲马多行PCEA.随机均分为0.125%罗哌卡因 0.5%曲马多 0.0025%氟哌利多组(A组)、0.15%罗哌卡因 0.5%曲马多 0.0025%氟哌利多组(B组)和0.2%罗哌卡因 0.5%曲马多 0.0025%氟哌利多组(C组).于镇痛后12、24和48 h观察并记录静态和动态VAS、下肢运动阻滞程度、循环状况和不良反应.结果 C组12、24、48 h动态VAS值明显低于A和B组(P<0.05);B组12、24、48 h动态VAS值又低于A组(P<0.05).C组镇痛开始后双下肢肌力明显低于A和B组(P<0.05).三组产妇镇痛后6、12、24、48 h的收缩压、舒张压、心率差异均无统计学意义.三组产妇镇痛期间均未发生瘙痒;24 h时拔除尿管均自行排尿和下床行走.三组恶心、呕吐发生率差异无统计学意义;胃肠功能恢复情况差异也无统计学意义.结论 剖宫产术后采用0.125%、0.15%或0.2%罗哌卡因 0.5%曲马多 0.0025%氟哌利多行PCEA术后镇痛,均能产生不同程度的切口镇痛效果,未见严重不良反应.但以选用0.15%罗哌卡因 0.5%曲马多 0.0025%氟哌利多的配方较为优良.     

甲磺酸罗哌卡因用于分娩镇痛的临床观察

罗哌卡因低浓度下可产生感觉和运动阻滞分离,心脏和神经毒性低,对子宫胎盘血流无影响,比较适合用于硬膜外阻滞分娩镇痛,已有学者研究出其最低有效用药浓度。进口的盐酸制剂(耐乐品)价格较贵,在基层医院使用受一定的限制。国产甲磺酸罗哌卡因(威赛因,安微威尔曼振星药业生产)用于分娩镇痛的报道不多,我们将其配伍小剂量芬太尼用于分娩镇痛,观察其临床镇痛效果,探讨应用甲磺酸罗哌卡因可行走式分娩镇痛的合适用药浓度。     

不同浓度的罗哌卡因分娩镇痛效果观察

目的比较三种不同浓度罗哌卡因伍用芬太尼用以硬膜外分娩镇痛的效果。方法90例要求分娩镇痛的孕妇随机分成0.15%罗哌卡因组(Ⅰ组)、0.125%罗哌卡因组(Ⅱ组)、0.1%罗哌卡因组(Ⅲ组),均复合芬太尼(2μg/ml),硬膜外自控镇痛(PECA)速率6ml/h,自控3ml/次,锁定时间15min。以VAS评评分比较三组分娩镇痛后PCEA的效果。Bromage评分评定运动阻滞情况。结果镇痛后10、30、60、120、180、240minVAS评分Ⅲ组显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ组;Bromage评分Ⅰ组显著高于Ⅱ、Ⅲ组,Apgar评分差异无统计学意义。无明显不良反应。结论0.125%罗哌卡因复合芬太尼对孕妇行分娩镇痛效果确切,无明显不良反应,适合临床应用。     

布托啡诺复合罗哌卡因用于术后硬膜外病人自控镇痛

罗哌卡因属含单一异构体S罗-哌卡因的长效酰胺类局麻药,中枢神经系统及心血管系统毒性小[1~3],小剂量应用具有感觉-运动神经阻滞分离[4]以及高清除率[5]等特点。近年来已被推荐作为硬膜外连续输注术后镇痛的局麻药[6]。阿片类受体激动剂与局部麻醉药联合应用于术后病人自控硬膜     

0.2% ropivacaine with or without sufentanil for patient-controlled epidural analgesia after anterior cruciate ligament repair

AIM: The aim of this prospective, randomized, double-blind study was to evaluate the effects of adding 0.5 microg/ml sufentanil to 0.2% ropivacaine for patient controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) on the quality of postoperative pain control in patients undergoing anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. METHODS: Twenty ASA physical status I-II patients, scheduled to have elective ACL repair were studied. Combined spinal-epidural anesthesia was performed at the L3-L4 or L4-L5 interspace using a needle-through-needle technique. Spinal anesthesia was induced with 10 mg of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine. Postoperative epidural analgesia was started at the end of surgery using a continuous epidural infusion of 0.2% ropivacaine alone (n=10) or 0.2% ropivacaine/0.5 mg mL(-1) sufentanil (n=10). The degree of pain was evaluated at 1, 8, 16, 24 and 48 hours after surgery; at the same observation times the degree of motor block, sedation, oxygen saturation, total consumption of PCEA solution and incremental doses given to the patient were also recorded. RESULTS: No differences in the quality of intraoperative anesthesia was observed, and in no case general anesthesia was required to complete surgery. Patients receiving the combination of ropivacaine and sufentanil showed lower levels of VAS from 16 hours after surgery as compared with ropivacaine group (P=0.02). However, no differences in the degree of pain were observed between the 2 groups during continuous passive mobilization. CONCLUSION: Adding 0.5 microg/ml sufentanil to 0.2% ropivacaine for patient controlled epidural analgesia improved pain control at rest but did not result in significant improvement of postoperative analgesia during continuous passive mobilization.     

Comparison of continuous background infusion plus demand dose and demand-only parturient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) using ropivacaine combined with sufentanil for labor and delivery

BACKGROUND: Using ropivacaine combined with sufentanil, we determined the analgesic efficacy of parturient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) with or without (demand-only PCEA) continuous background infusion in reducing labor pain in 66 parturients. METHODS: After placement of the epidural catheter and administration of an initial bolus containing ropivacaine 16 mg and sufentanil 10 microg, parturients were prospectively randomized into two groups. The PCEA solution consisted of ropivacaine 0.16% plus sufentanil 0.5 microg/mL. Parturients with PCEA plus continuous background infusion received 4 mL/h plus an hourly maximum of three 4-mL boluses on demand (lock-out time 20 min); parturients with demand-only PCEA received an hourly maximum of four 4-mL boluses (lock-out time 15 min) of anesthetic solution. Pain scores (VAS 0-100 mm), drug doses administered, duration of labor, sensory and motor epidural block characteristics, maternal satisfaction, neonatal outcome and adverse events were determined. RESULTS: Both regimens provided excellent parturients' satisfaction and pain relief. However, periods of VAS scores>40 mm during all stages of labor were significantly more frequent in parturients receiving demand-only PCEA (22.4%) compared to parturients receiving PCEA plus continuous background infusion (7.5%, P=0.0011). Drug doses administered, duration of PCEA, labor and delivery, epidural block characteristics, neonatal outcome and adverse events did not differ between groups. CONCLUSION: Under the conditions of the study, PCEA plus continuous background infusion was more effective than demand-only PCEA in treating labor pain without increasing consumption of anesthetic solution.     

Advantage of ropivacaine for postoperative epidural analgesia following leg orthopedic surgery

BACKGROUND: Epidural administration of local anesthetics may lead to effective pain relief. However, tachyphylaxis or other problems following prolonged epidural anesthesia may develop and in many cases difficulties exist in the maintenance of the similar degree of sensory blockade. The present study was therefore performed to investigate the analgesic effect of continuous postoperative epidural infusion of ropivacaine with fentanyl in comparison with that of bupivacaine or ropivacaine alone. METHODS: After leg orthopedic surgery with lumbar combined spinal-epidural anesthesia, thirty-six patients were randomized to one of the three postoperative epidural infusion groups: bupivacaine 0.125%, ropivacaine 0.2%, or ropivacaine 0.2% with 2.2 microg x ml(-1) (400 microg x 180 ml(-1)) of fentanyl. Continuous epidural infusion was started at a rate of 6 ml x h(-1) with possibility of an additional bolus injection of 3 ml at least every 60 min. Pain was assessed using a 10-cm visual analog scale (VAS) just before and 15 min after epidural bolus injections, and 15-20 h after the start of continuous epidural infusion as the severe at pain through the observation. The spread of analgesia (loss of sharpness in pinprick perception) and motor block (Bromage scale) were evaluated bilaterally. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate were also measured. RESULTS: The epidural bolus infusion was associated with a significant decrease of VAS (P < 0.001) and stable blood pressure and heart rate in all groups. The maximal VAS in patients receiving 0.2% ropivacaine+fentanyl was significantly less compared to that in the other two groups. The regression of sensory blockade was significantly prolonged in patients treated with ropivacaine+fentanyl. There was no significant difference in the spread of sensory analgesia between 20 min and 15-20 h after the continuous epidural anesthesia in this group. None of the patients developed adverse effects such as respiratory depression, nausea, and pruritis. CONCLUSIONS: Epidural injection of ropivacaine with fentanyl decreased postoperative pain with stable vital signs in patients undergoing leg orthopedic surgery, as compared to bupivacaine or ropivacaine alone, possibly because of the maintenance of sensory blockade by ropivacaine and enhancement of this sensory blockade by fentanyl.     

Patient-controlled epidural analgesia versus continuous epidural infusion with ropivacaine for postoperative analgesia in children

Epidural ropivacaine infusion has been used in children; however, patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) has not been evaluated in the pediatric population. In this study, we compared the clinical efficiency of PCEA and of continuous epidural infusion analgesia (CEA) in children. Forty-eight children undergoing orthopedic surgery were randomized to receive PCEA or CEA with ropivacaine 0.2%. All patients underwent a standard general anesthetic. Children also received ketoprofen and propacetamol. Pain scores and side effects were recorded for 48 h. If the visual analog score scale score was >4 of 10, analgesia was considered inadequate, and rescue treatment was administered. Both groups obtained effective pain relief. Children in the PCEA group received significantly less local anesthetic than those in the CEA group (0.20 +/- 0.08 mg x kg(-1) x h(-1) versus 0.40 +/- 0.08 mg x kg(-1) x h(-1); P < 0.001). Motor effects, supplemental analgesic requirements, and side effects did not differ. We concluded that PCEA with ropivacaine 0.2% can provide adequate postoperative analgesia for pediatric orthopedic procedures with smaller dose requirements than CEA. IMPLICATIONS: We studied patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) and continuous epidural infusion analgesia (CEA) with 0.2% ropivacaine during the postoperative period in children. We found that either PCEA or CEA with plain ropivacaine 0.2% provided adequate pain relief in children during the first 48-h postoperative course. However, adequate analgesia was obtained with 50% less volume infused with PCEA compared with CEA.     

Impact on postoperative pain of long-lasting pre-emptive epidural analgesia before total hip replacement: a prospective, randomised, double-blind study

Clinical studies on pre-emptive analgesia have produced inconsistent results. We conducted a clinical study investigating the effect of long-lasting pre-emptive epidural analgesia on consumption of analgesics and acute pain. Forty-two patients scheduled for elective hip replacement for osteo-arthritis were randomly assigned to receive, on the day before operation, either 5 ml.h(-1) ropivacaine 0.2% (study group, n = 21) or 5 ml.h(-1) saline (control group, n = 21). Postoperative analgesia was achieved in both groups by patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) with ropivacaine 0.2%. The main outcome measure was consumption of local anaesthetics. Additional parameters included visual analogue pain scale (VAS) scores, consumption of rescue analgesics, requests for PCEA boluses, and side-effects. The pre-operative parameters and pain scores were similar in the two groups. Epidural blocks provided sufficient operative analgesia in all patients. Pre-emptive analgesia was continued for 11-20 h and led to significantly decreased pain scores before surgery. The consumption of local anaesthetics was decreased postoperatively in the study group (194 mg vs. 284 mg in the postoperative period). Furthermore, bolus requests occurred more frequently in the control group. VAS scores did not differ significantly between groups. Long-lasting "pre-emptive" epidural analgesia decreases postoperative pain with improved pain control.     

硬膜外甲磺酸罗比卡因复合吗啡应用于妇科术后镇痛的观察

目的比较硬膜外甲磺酸罗比卡因与盐酸罗比卡因复合吗啡用于妇科术后镇痛的临床效果和安全性。方法40例择期在硬膜外麻醉下行经腹子宫全切或子宫肌瘤摘除手术患者,随机分为两组,观察组(n=40)采用0·238%甲磺酸罗比卡因(含0·002mg/ml吗啡);对照组(n=40)采用0·2%盐酸罗比卡因(含0·002mg/ml吗啡)。观察术后15min、2、4、8、24、48h两组患者的视觉模拟评分(VAS)、镇静评分、下肢运动神经阻滞情况及副作用的发生率。结果在各时点两组患者的VAS、镇静评分、下肢运动神经阻滞情况及副作用的发生率差异均无显著意义。结论硬膜外甲磺酸罗比卡因与盐酸罗比卡因复合吗啡术后镇痛具有相似的临床效果和安全性。     

0.2% ropivacaine with or without fentanyl for patient-controlled epidural analgesia after major abdominal surgery: a double-blind study

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of adding low concentration of fentanyl to 0.2% ropivacaine when providing patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) outside the Post-Anesthesia Care Unit. DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, double-blind study. SETTING: Inpatients at a University Department of Anesthesia. PATIENTS: 32 ASA physical status I, II, and III patients, who were scheduled for elective major abdominal surgery, including bowel resection, hepatic resection, and pancreaticoduodenectomy. INTERVENTIONS: Patients received standard general/epidural anesthesia. After surgery patients were randomly allocated in a double-blind fashion to receive PCEA with either 0.2% ropivacaine (n = 16) or 0.2% ropivacaine/2 microg/mL fentanyl (n = 16) [background infusion ranging between 4 and 6 mL/hr, with 1.5-mL incremental doses and a 20-min lock-out time]. Dynamic pain during coughing, sedation, pulse oxymetry, hemodynamic variables, and motor block were evaluated at 1, 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours after the end of surgery by a blinded observer. Occurrence of untoward events, including nausea, vomiting, pruritus, need for supplemental oxygen (for SpO(2) < 90%), and respiratory complications, as well as total consumption of PCEA solution and incremental doses given to the patient were also recorded.Measurements and Main Results: No differences in pain relief, motor block, degree of sedation, recovery of gastrointestinal motility, and other side effects were observed between the two groups. Patients receiving 0.2% ropivacaine alone requested far more incremental doses (23 doses [0-60] vs. 5 doses [0-25]) (p = 0.006) and needed far more analgesic solution (230 mL [140-282] vs. 204 [130-228]) (p = 0.003) than patients receiving the ropivacaine/fentanyl mixture. Peripheral oxygen saturation was lower at 12, 24, and 48 hours during ropivacaine/fentanyl infusion than in patients receiving ropivacaine alone (12 h: 91% +/- 2% vs. 95% +/- 2%, p < 0.006; 24 h: 93% +/- 1% vs. 96% +/- 2%, p = 0.003; 48 h: 92% +/- 1.8% vs. 96% +/- 1%, p = 0.004).Conclusions: A thoracic epidural infusion of 0.2% ropivacaine, with or without fentanyl, provided effective pain relief in most patients with a very low degree of motor blockade. Adding 2 microg/ml fentanyl to 0.2% ropivacaine reduced total consumption of local anesthetic solution and need for incremental doses, but did not provide clinically relevant advantages in quality of pain relief and incidence of motor block, leading to a significant decrease in peripheral SpO(2), lasting up to 48 hours after surgery.     

Epidural ropivacaine or sufentanil-ropivacaine infusions for post-thoracotomy pain.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the analgesic efficacy and side effects of continuous epidural infusions of ropivacaine and ropivacaine-sufentanil mixtures after thoracotomy. METHODS: Sixty-two patients scheduled for thoracic surgery were allocated in this prospective double-blinded randomised study. They received an epidural catheter inserted from thoracic 5-6 (Th(5-6)) interspace a day before surgery and were randomly assigned into two groups, sufentanil-ropivacaine group (Group SR, n=31) and ropivacaine group (Group R, n=31). Bolus dose of the study drugs, ropivacaine 0.2% or ropivacaine 0.2% and sufentanil 0.75 microg/ml calculated in ml according to the patient's height was given through the epidural catheter before surgery. One hour after anaesthesia induction, another bolus was given and the epidural infusion was started (4.5-8 ml). Whenever visual analogue scale (VAS) scores were > or =4 during function, the patients received additional boluses and the infusion rate was increased by 1 ml/h. If the pain was not relieved after administration of two boluses, the patient was excluded from the study. RESULTS: VAS at rest and during function was lower in ropivacaine-sufentanil group and the need for additional boluses and infusion rate increase was high in ropivacaine group (P<0.05). Ropivacaine-sufentanil infusion rate was decreased due to nausea and vomiting in two patients and due to CO(2) retention in one patient. There was no statistically significant difference between the incidences of side effects except pruritus significantly higher in Group SR. The total epidural solution volume was more in Group R (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The continuous epidural infusion of ropivacaine with sufentanil provided superior pain relief than ropivacaine alone without causing any severe side effect or post-operative pulmonary impairment.     

不同浓度罗比卡因伍用吗啡术后PCEA对病人通气功能的影响

目的 比较不同浓度罗比卡因（Rop)伍用吗啡（Mor)用于子宫切除术后病人硬膜外自控镇痛（PCEA）对通气功能的影响。方法 45例病人随机分成R1、R2和R0组（n=15),镇痛药分别为0．1％Rop、0．2％Rop和0．9％氯化钠配伍0．01％Mor,行术后PCEA。双盲观察比较各组通气功能并进行视觉模拟疼痛评分（VAS）。结果 与术前相比,三组病人通气功能均有所下降,表现为VT降低,RR加快。其程度R0组≥R1组＞R2组,而MV则无明显变化。PCEA期间R2组通气功能稳定。PCA泵启动后与启动前相比,R0组、R1组能气功能仍有明显下降,R0组变化更为明显。各组PETCO2、SpO2、F1－EO2等指标数值有所变化,但无统计学意义。R2组镇痛效果优于R1组R0组。三组病人VT、RR与VAS分值有明显相关性,相关系数分别为－0．89、0．80（P＜0．05）。结论 0．2％Rop伍用低浓度Mor行PCEA镇痛效果好,有利于改善病人术后能气功能。