神经导航辅助手术治疗颅内占位性病变(附48例分析)

目的探讨神经导航系统在颅内占位性病变切除手术中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析48例颅内占位病变病人的临床资料,均行术中实时导航,采用直切口或弧形切口、小皮瓣及小骨窗入路,显微镜下手术切除病变。结果本组神经导航系统的实际误差为1.9～4.1 mm,平均2.7 mm。镜下病变全切除41例,次全切除5例,大部分切除2例。术中出血少,均未输血。除3例术后出现对侧肢体偏瘫外,其余病例功能均有所好转或无变化;未出现严重并发症,无术后死亡。结论借助神经导航系统可以精确定位颅内病变,在其导引下进行头皮切口、骨窗大小、皮质切口和脑内入路的个体化设计,可使实际操作更准确、方便和直观。     

神经导航下锁眼手术切除脑内病灶

目的　探讨神经导航下脑内占位性病灶锁眼手术的精确性和有效性。方法　对 1 2例颅内病灶采用锁眼开颅显微手术切除 ,利用神经外科导航系统对手术切口及骨窗的设计、病灶术中定位和手术路径的引导。结果　 1 0例病灶手术全切除 ,2例病灶手术次全切除。神经导航系统精确度高 ,平均误差为 0 .8mm ,所有病例术中定位准确 ,术后神经系统功能保留良好。结论　在神经导航引导下的脑内小病灶采用锁眼开颅手术可以达到病灶定位准确 ,手术创伤小和神经功能保护良好的微侵袭神经外科手术目的     

神经导航辅助下显微手术治疗颅底中央区肿瘤

目的探讨神经导航系统在颅底中央区肿瘤显微切除术中的应用及其优越性。方法对36例颅底中央区肿瘤患者应用神经导航系统辅助下实施显微手术,术前将患者影像学信息导入神经导航系统进行解剖三维重建,并依据肿瘤部位应用神经导航系统设计个体化的手术切口,术中对手术入路、肿瘤及其周围重要解剖结构准确定位,判断肿瘤切除程度。结果本组病例神经导航注册误差为0．6-2．3mm,平均（1．1±0．3）mm。36例患者中肿瘤全切26例,次全切除10例（术后1月内均行γ刀治疗,死亡1例）。术后患者临床症状均得到改善或消失。结论 在颅底中央区肿瘤显微手术中应用神经导航系统能准确定位肿瘤与周围重要解剖结构,并引导手术操作,安全、准确地切除肿瘤,提高手术疗效,减少手术并发症的发生。     

电磁神经导航下经蝶窦入路垂体腺瘤切除术(附13例临床报告)

目的评价电磁神经导航系统在经蝶窦入路垂体腺瘤切除手术中的应用。方法应用电磁神经导航系统进行经蝶窦入路垂体腺瘤显微切除手术13例。术前行核磁共振连续薄层扫描,将影像资料输入神经导航系统,设计出最佳手术途径,术中在导航引导下准确定位并确定肿瘤的切除范围。手术全过程在导航系统引导与监视下进行。结果用神经导航系统进行垂体腺瘤及其周围解剖结构定位准确,平均注册误差1.38±0.45mm。术后近期复查,MRI证实肿瘤全切10例占77%,近全切1例,大部切除2例。结论神经导航定位精确,有助于手术计划的精确实施。实时导航垂体腺瘤显微手术,有助于达到微侵袭效果和提高垂体腺瘤全切除率。     

电磁神经导航辅助下脑膜瘤微创切除术

目的探讨电磁神经导航技术在脑膜瘤微创手术中的应用。方法回顾性分析我院2010年1月至2013年6月在电磁导航辅助下手术治疗的37例脑膜瘤病例。凸面或窦镰旁脑膜瘤直径≤2.5 cm者13例,导航下标记肿瘤在体表的投影,采用直形切口,骨瓣直径4-5cm。凸面或窦镰旁脑膜瘤直径2.5 cm或/及较长硬膜尾征者21例,采用马蹄型切口,骨瓣直径5~8 cm。脑室内脑膜瘤3例,根据肿瘤与周边脑功能区的毗邻关系选择手术入路。结果37例患者图像注册到成功标记肿瘤用时9~22分钟,平均12±4.7分钟;图像注册误差0.62~2.0 mn,平均:1.44±0.4mm。simpson I级切除29例,8例窦镰旁脑膜瘤行slmpsonⅡ级切除。结论电磁神经导航引导下的脑膜瘤微创手术具有用时少、定位精确、切口小、创伤小、病变全切率高及并发症少等优点。     

中央区及其附近病灶的神经导航手术与传统开颅手术的对比研究

目的比较神经导航与传统开颅两种手术方法对切除中央区及其附近的病灶的临床疗效。方法30例中央区及其附近病灶的病人随机分成两组,分别接受神经外科导航手术和传统开颅手术,比较病灶的位置、大小、骨瓣大小、手术前后神经系统损害程度。结果神经导航手术组骨瓣面积为(28.62±11.83)cm2,传统开颅手术组骨瓣面积为(39.32±13.07)cm2,两者差异显著(P=0.04);术后神经系统并发症神经导航组为2/15,传统组为10/15,差异极其显著(P=0.008)。结论神经导航手术组与传统手术组相比具有定位准确、侵袭性小、并发症少等优点。     

神经导航辅助锁孔手术切除脑功能区小病灶32例临床分析

目的 探讨应用 Stryker LEIBNGER 神经导航指导锁孔显微手术切除重要功能区小病灶的手术效果和精确性以及提高手术疗效及降低并发症的作用.方法 32例患者应用神经导航辅助锁孔显微手术切除重要功能区小病灶.病变直径0.5～1.8cm.对其注册精度、术中导航精度、手术效果进行分析.结果 神经导航系统平均注册误差0.5mm.术中脑移位的平均水平误差0.8mm,平均垂直误差0.7mm.所有病例均顺利寻找到病灶并作显微镜下全切除.骨窗面积平均为2.5cm×2.5cm.术后神经系统功能保留良好.无严重并发症.无手术死亡.结论 神经导航引导下采用锁孔开颅显微手术切除脑重要功能区小病灶具有定位精确,动态示踪和实时导航,侵袭性小,安全、可靠等特点.     

神经导航引导下射频热凝治疗在切除颅内巨大富血供肿瘤中的应用

目的探讨射频热凝辅助治疗系统结合神经导航在切除颅内巨大富血供肿瘤手术中的作用。方法观察13例颅内巨大富血供肿瘤手术中,在神经导航系统的指引下,准确确定热凝部位,两者辅助下,显微手术切除巨大肿瘤,总结定位的准确性及治疗效果。结果 13例颅内巨大富血供肿瘤,全切除9例,次全切除3例,部分切除1例,术中输血1例,输血600 ml,余病例未输血,无死亡病例。结论使用神经导航系统,术前可评价颅内肿瘤情况,术中可动态跟踪并实时导航,在其辅助下,射频热凝定位更加准确、可靠,有助于肿瘤全切除及降低手术并发症。     

神经导航辅助下经单鼻腔蝶窦入路切除垂体腺瘤

目的评价神经导航系统在经单鼻腔蝶窦人路垂体腺瘤切除手术中的应用。方法24例病人术前行MRI或CT连续薄层扫描,将影像学资料输入Brain LAB Vector Vision神经导航系统进行三维重建,标记出肿瘤及重要结构后,设计最佳手术入路,术中在导航的引导下定位蝶窦前壁、鞍底、海绵窦、颈内动脉和斜坡等结构,切除肿瘤。结果24例患者均在神经导航引导下经鼻蝶入路顺利到达肿瘤部位；注册误差0．3～2．0mm,平均(1．21±0．39)mm；肿瘤全切除19例,次全切除3例,大部分切除2例；术后19例病人症状有不同程度的改善,5例无变化,术后无严重并发症出现。结论神经导航辅助下经鼻蝶垂体腺瘤切除术具有定位准确、创伤小等优点．效果良好。     

神经导航显微手术切除颅内占位性病变

目的探讨无框架脑立体定位(神经导航)系统在显微手术切除颅内病变中的应用价值。方法对33例颅内占位性病变患者进行导航引导下显微手术治疗。脑内病变:选择避开重要功能区的最浅处脑皮层切口,参照“微导管栅栏法”切除病变。脑外病变:常规显露后进行病变切除。边切除边用导航了解切除情况,直至镜下所见和导航均提示已达到预定切除程度。结果神经导航系统术中误差均在3 mm以内,寻找病变成功率为100%,导航手术的病变总全切率达到75.76%(25/33),其中脑胶质瘤的全切率为44.44%(4/9),其余病变为87.50%(21/24)。结论神经导航系统能够满足常见颅内占位性病变术中准确定位的需要,较传统手术中依靠经验定位有显著的优势。     

The effect of age of onset of PD on risk of dementia

Background Dementia occurs in the majority of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Late onset of PD has been reported to be associated with a higher risk for dementia. However, age at onset (AAO) and age at baseline assessment are often correlated. The aim of this study was to explore whether AAO of PD symptoms is a risk factor for dementia independent of the general effect of age. Methods Two community-based studies of PD in New York (n = 281) and Rogaland county, Norway (n = 227) and two population-based groups of healthy elderly from New York (n = 180) and Odense, Denmark (n = 2414) were followed prospectively for 3–4 years and assessed for dementia according to DSM-IIIR. All PD and control cases underwent neurological examination and were followed with neurological and neuropsychological assessments. We used Cox proportional hazards regression based on three different time scales to explore the effect of AAO of PD on risk of dementia, adjusting for age at baseline and other demographic and clinical variables. Findings In both PD groups and in the pooled analyses, there was a significant effect of age at baseline assessment on the time to develop dementia, but there was no effect of AAO independent of age itself. Consistent with these results, there was no increased relative effect of age on the time to develop dementia in PD cases compared with controls. Interpretation This study shows that it is the general effect of age, rather than AAO that is associated with incident dementia in subjects with PD. Received in revised form: 22 December 2005     

腺垂体功能减退症临床特征变化分析

目的探讨腺垂体功能减退症患者的病因结构变化及临床表现。方法回顾性分析我院2013-01—2016-12住院及门诊78例腺垂体功能减退症患者的临床资料。结果男32例(41.03%),女46例(58.97%);诊断时年龄11~89岁,平均62.5岁;鞍区占位(包括术前及术后)52例(66.67%),席汉综合征8例(10.26%),空泡蝶鞍9例(11.65%),病因不明8例(10.26%),垂体-下丘脑发育不良1例(1.28%)。首次就诊科室:纳差厌食、恶心呕吐就诊于消化内科36例(46.15%)最常见。ACTH+TSH+Gn+G激素缺乏为19例最多,占24.36%,ACTH+TSH+Gn缺乏15例,占19.23%。结论腺垂体功能减退症病因结构发生变化,发病人群、首发症状及受累激素也不同,患者女性多于男性,发病年龄偏高,症状不典型,分布于临床多个科室,其中以低钠血症为首发临床表现就诊消化内科最多。     

Standards of instrumentation of EMG

Standardization of Electromyography (EMG) instrumentation is of particular importance to ensure high quality recordings. This consensus report on “Standards of Instrumentation of EMG” is an update and extension of the earlier IFCN Guidelines published in 1999. First, a panel of experts in different fields from different geographical distributions was invited to submit a section on their particular interest and expertise. Then, the merged document was circulated for comments and edits until a consensus emerged.The first sections in this document cover technical aspects such as instrumentation, EMG hardware and software including amplifiers and filters, digital signal analysis and instrumentation settings. Other sections cover the topics such as temporary storage, trigger and delay line, averaging, electrode types, stimulation techniques for optimal and standardised EMG examinations, and the artefacts electromyographers may face and safety rules they should follow. Finally, storage of data and databases, report generators and external communication are summarized.     

Effects of prevention of afferentation of the development of the chick optic lobe

BONDY, S. C., M. E. HARRINGTON AND C. L. ANDERSON. Effects of prevention of afferentation on the developmentof the chick optic lobe. BRAIN RES. BULL. 3(5) 411–413, 1978.—The effects of unilateral extirpation of the right optic cup of the three-day incubated chick embryo upon the rate of synthesis and the stability of DNA in the non-innervated optic lobe, have been studied. This surgical procedure prevents innervation of the optic lobe contralateral to the removed eye, while the other optic lobe is normally innervated by retinal ganglion cells of the remaining eye. At the 20th day of incubation, the DNA content of the non-innervated lobe was below that of the paired lobe receiving normal innervation. This deficiency of cell number was caused by two events; death of an excess number of neurons formed early in embryogenesis and a reduced rate of glial proliferation in the later stages of incubation.     

《绵阳市社会心理服务工作管理办法》解读

2018年,国家卫生健康委员会等10部委联合发布《关于印发全国社会心理服务体系建设试点工作方案的通知》,四川省绵阳市被列为全国第一批试点地区。绵阳市人民政府依据《中华人民共和国精神卫生法》等相关法律法规和文件精神,结合前期调查研究和社会心理服务工作的试点实际,编制出台了《绵阳市社会心理服务工作管理办法》,并于2021年12月25日起施行。本文围绕社会心理服务的相关概念、办法总则、重点内容、保障措施等方面进行解读,以期为社会心理服务工作的规范、持续和有效开展提供参考。     

帕金森病运动症状进展分析

目的分析帕金森病(PD)患者运动症状进展特点。方法采用PD统一评分量表(UPDRS)Ⅲ对912例PD患者进行评估。结果与病程1年的患者比较,除病程1~2年的患者外,其他病程患者的UPDRSⅢ评分、强直分、姿势或步态异常分、轴性症状总分、言语分、步态分显著升高(均P0.05),病程5~6年及14年患者的震颤分,病程5~6年、7~8年、9~13年、14年患者的运动迟缓分、姿势分显著升高(P0.05~0.01)。轴性症状进展速度高于UPDRSⅢ评分。结论 PD患者病程早期UPDRSⅢ评分进展快,震颤症状进展独立于其他症状,轴性症状评分较UPDRSⅢ更敏感地反映疾病加重趋势。     

Release of endogenous catecholamines from slices of hypothalamus of rats

The release of endogenous catecholamines from superfused slices of rat hypothalamus was studied under basal conditions and during release evoked by 40 mM K⁺. Catecholamines in superfusates, and in extracts of the tissue after stimulation, were isolated by column chromatography and quantitated by liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Norepinephrine (NE) was not consistently demonstrable in superfusate collected under basal conditions, but 40 mM K⁺ caused the release of from 2 to 4 ng/g of tissue per min. The addition of cocaine to the superfusate caused increases in basal and evoked release of NE. Epinephrine (E) could be measured in superfusates of slices from male but not female rats and then only when cocaine was added to the superfusate. Accordingly, the concentration of E in hypothalamus was greater in male rats than in female rats. Dopamine (DA) was not consistently measurable in the spontaneous overflow from slices either in the presence or absence of cocaine. K⁺-evoked release of DA could be demonstrated in slices from female rats. The addition of cocaine increased the evoked release of DA from slices from both sexes. Corticosterone, added to cocaine, had no effects on the efflux of any of the catecholamines. The experiments suggest that neuronal reuptake of all catecholamines is very efficient in the hypothalamus both under basal conditions and during evoked release.     

Frequency of accumulation of filaments in adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cells of myelinated fibers of rat spinal roots

Summary The frequency of accumulation of 6-nm filaments in the adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cells in the 6th lumbar dorsal and ventral roots was evaluated in 4-, 8-, 26- and 45-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats. The frequency was higher in 4- and 8-week-old (growing) rats than in 26- and 45-week old (mature) rats, and also higher in ventral than in dorsal roots in 4-, 8- and 26-week old rats. There were no clusters on certain groups of myelinated fibers according to the size of transverse axonal area, in both the ventral and dorsal roots. Therefore, this accumulation may reflect certain functions of the adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cell during natural growth and maturation of the axon and myelin sheath.     

Function of circle of Willis

Nearly 400 years ago, Thomas Willis described the arterial ring at the base of the brain (the circle of Willis, CW) and recognized it as a compensatory system in the case of arterial occlusion. This theory is still accepted. We present several arguments that via negativa should discard the compensatory theory. (1) Current theory is anthropocentric; it ignores other species and their analog structures. (2) Arterial pathologies are diseases of old age, appearing after gene propagation. (3) According to the current theory, evolution has foresight. (4) Its commonness among animals indicates that it is probably a convergent evolutionary structure. (5) It was observed that communicating arteries are too small for effective blood flow, and (6) missing or hypoplastic in the majority of the population. We infer that CW, under physiologic conditions, serves as a passive pressure dissipating system; without considerable blood flow, pressure is transferred from the high to low pressure end, the latter being another arterial component of CW. Pressure gradient exists because pulse wave and blood flow arrive into the skull through different cerebral arteries asynchronously, due to arterial tree asymmetry. Therefore, CW and its communicating arteries protect cerebral artery and blood–brain barrier from hemodynamic stress.     

阿立哌唑对精神分裂症患者生活质量的影响

目的:比较阿立哌唑与利培酮对精神分裂症患者生活质量的影响。方法:60例精神分裂患者随机平分为两组各30例,分别给予阿立哌唑和利培酮治疗。疗程8周。用生活质量综合评定问卷-74(GQOLI-74)、阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)及副反应量表(TESS)评定疗效及不良反应。结果:阿立哌唑与利培酮均能显著提高精神分裂症患者生活质量,但阿立哌唑在改善GQOLI-74总分、躯体健康及社会功能维度优于利培酮。结论:阿立哌唑治疗有利于提高精神分裂症患者生活质量。