增殖细胞核抗原在大肠癌中的表达意义

目的研究大肠癌组织中ＰＣＮＡ的表达意义．方法大肠癌组织６３例，其中结肠癌２３例，直肠癌４０例；男３３例，女３０例；年龄２６岁～７６岁．用抗人ＰＣＮＡ单克隆抗体和ＳＰ免疫组化技术半定量测定了ＰＣＮＡ在大肠癌组织中的表达，并分析了其与肿瘤分化、侵袭和淋巴结转移间的关系．结果高分化组ＰＣＮＡ阳性Ⅰ～Ⅳ级例数分别为１２，２，３，３，中分化组为８，７，４，２，低分化组为５，３，６，８．经Ｒａｄｉｔ统计学分析及显著性检验，低分化大肠癌中ＰＣＮＡ的表达显著高于高、中分化大肠癌（Ｐ＜００５，Ｐ＜００５）；其表达与肿瘤的侵袭和淋巴结转移无关（Ｐ＞００５，Ｐ＞００５）．结论ＰＣＮＡ的表达可反映大肠癌细胞的增殖活性，是大肠癌增殖生物学行为的有用指标．     

大肠癌P53蛋白PCNA和CEA的表达与淋巴结转移的关系

目的研究大肠癌Ｐ５３蛋白、增殖细胞核抗原（ＰＣＮＡ）和ＣＥＡ的表达与淋巴结转移的关系．方法应用链霉菌素生物素（ＳＰ）免疫组化法，观察４４例大肠癌Ｐ５３，ＰＣＮＡ的阳性率和ＣＥＡ的表达型式．结果大肠癌Ｐ５３阳性率为５２３％；大肠癌Ｐ５３阳性表达与性别、年龄及肿瘤的部位、分化程度和浸润深度无关（Ｐ＞００５）；大肠癌Ｐ５３阳性者其淋巴结转移率较阴性者高（１４／２３，６０９％ｖｓ６／２１，２８６％，Ｐ＜００５）；Ｐ５３阳性表达及有淋巴结转移者其细胞增殖活性分别较Ｐ５３阴性表达及无淋巴结转移者高（５５９±１７ｖｓ３７９±１４，Ｐ＜００５；５６２±１５ｖｓ３９６±１７，Ｐ＜００５）；Ｐ５３阳性表达及有淋巴结转移者其ＣＥＡ表型均以胞质型和间质型为主（２１／２３，９１３％ｖｓ１３／２１，６１９％，Ｐ＜００５；１９／２０，９５０％ｖｓ１５／２４，６２５％，Ｐ＜００５）．结论检测Ｐ５３和ＰＣＮＡ表达及ＣＥＡ表型对判断大肠癌的恶性程度，预测其淋巴结转移趋势和预后及指导临床治疗有重要价值．     

脂多糖和抗炎药物对肺血管内巨噬细胞核因子κB的影响

目的观察脂多糖（ＬＰＳ）致肺血管内巨噬细胞（ＰＩＭ）核因子κＢ（ＮＦκＢ）的活化及抗炎药物地塞米松（ＤＥＸ）和阿斯匹林（ＡＳＡ）对ＮＦκＢ的影响。方法用改良法分离、培养猪ＰＩＭ,设正常对照、ＬＰＳ刺激、ＤＥＸ和ＡＳＡ干预组,共４组。用凝胶电泳迁移率改变分析（ＥＭＳＡ）法和放射免疫分析（ＲＩＡ）法,分别检测ＰＩＭ核提取物ＮＦκＢ的活性和细胞培养上清肿瘤坏死因子α（ＴＮＦα）的含量。结果ＬＰＳ刺激组ＮＦκＢ活性于刺激后０５～４小时、ＴＮＦα含量于刺激后１～２小时高于刺激前和正常对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１）;二者在刺激后１小时呈显著正相关（ｒ＝０．９９１,Ｐ＜０．０１）。ＤＥＸ组和ＡＳＡ组ＮＦκＢ活性、ＴＮＦα含量虽较刺激前和正常对照组有所升高,但均显著低于ＬＰＳ组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论ＬＰＳ可诱导ＰＩＭＮＦκＢ激活,并进而导致ＴＮＦα的基因转录和表达增加;ＤＥＸ和ＡＳＡ可通过抑制ＮＦκＢ的活化而减少ＴＮＦα的释放。     

急性颅脑损伤后脑脊液中心钠素和精氨酸加压素含量变化及其临床意义

对３４例急性脑外伤患者脑脊液（ＣＳＦ）中心钠素（ＡＮＦ）和精氨酸加压素（ＡＶＰ）的含量进行放射免疫测定。结果表明脑外伤后４８小时和６～１０天ＣＳＦ中ＡＮＦ含量较对照组均明显降低（Ｐ＜０．００１）；ＡＶＰ含量较对照组明显升高（Ｐ＜０．００１）。伤后２～３周ＣＳＦ中ＡＮＦ水平升高，与对照组相比无明显差异（Ｐ＜０．０５）；ＡＶＰ水平降低，但仍明显高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。Ｇｌｏｓｇｏｗｃｏｍａｓｃａｌｅ（ＧＣＳ）≤８分者ＣＳＦ中ＡＶＰ含量高于ＧＣＳ＞８分者（Ｐ＜０．０５）；ＣＳＦ压力≥１．９６ｋＰａ者ＡＶＰ含量高于ＣＳＦ压力＜１．９６ｋＰａ者（Ｐ＜０．０５）。ＡＮＦ的含量变化与ＧＣＳ计分和ＣＳＦ压力无关，提示ＡＮＦ和ＡＶＰ可能参与颅脑损伤的病理生理变化，ＡＮＦ的分泌减少与ＡＶＰ的释放增加可能是导致脑外伤后继发脑水肿的重要因素。     

大肠癌EGF受体表达对细胞增殖的影响

目的研究ＥＧＦ受体（ＥＧＦＲ）在大肠癌中表达的意义，并探讨其对细胞增殖的影响．方法用免疫组化ＬＳＡＢ法检测８６例大肠癌组织ＥＧＦＲ，ＰＣＮＡ的表达．结果在８６例被检组织中，ＥＧＦＲ阳性表达４４例（５１２％），低分化癌（８００％，４０／５０）、淋巴结转移癌（６８８％，２２／３２）较高分化（３８９％，１４／３６）、淋巴结未受累大肠癌（４０７％，２２／５４）有更高的ＥＧＦＲ表达（Ｐ＜００５）．ＤｕｋｅｓＡ，Ｂ，Ｃ期大肠癌的ＥＧＦＲ表达率分别为３２０％，４８３％，６８８％，Ｃ期与Ａ期比较差异显著；ＥＧＦＲ阳性大肠癌较阴性癌有更高的ＰＣＮＡ标记（两者ＰＣＮＡⅠ，Ⅱ，Ⅲ，Ⅳ级的例数分别为４，８，１７，１５；１４，１６，７，５；Ｐ＜００５）．结论ＥＧＦＲ过表达与大肠癌恶性程度、转移趋势密切相关，并可促使癌细胞过度增生．     

非溃疡性消化不良患者体表胃电图与胃液体排空功能的研究

检测３１例非溃疡性消化不良（ＮＵＤ）患者及９例健康人（ＨＳ）空腹体表胃电图与胃液体排空功能，并观察了西沙必利对ＮＵＤ患者空腹体表胃电图与胃液体排空功能的影响。结果表明ＮＵＤ患者半排空时间（Ｔ１２）显著高于ＨＳ组（Ｐ＜００１）；胃液体排空延迟的ＮＵＤ患者（ＮＵＤ２组）ＦＰ值较胃液体排空正常的ＮＵＤ患者（ＮＵＤ１组）及ＨＳ组明显减低；ＮＵＤ２组正常慢波百分比也较ＮＵＤ１组及ＨＳ组显著减少；而且所有检查者的Ｔ１２值与体表胃电图的ＦＰ值及正常慢波百分比值呈良好的相关性（Ｐ＜００１）。ＮＵＤ２组服用西沙必利后ＦＰ值和正常慢波百分比值均恢复正常，消化不良症状积分及胃液体排空功能显著改善。体表胃电图的ＡＰ值３组之间无差异（Ｐ＞００５），ＮＵＤ２组服用西沙必利后ＡＰ值未发现明显变化（Ｐ＞００５）。     

胃癌组织中生长抑素Ⅱ型受体基因低表达与淋巴结转移

目的　恶性肿瘤的发生和转移机制尚未完全明确，我们旨在研究胃癌癌灶（Ｃ） 、癌旁组织（Ｐ） 和远处正常组织（ Ｎ） 生长抑素（ＳＳ） 含量及其Ⅱ型受体（ＳＳＲ Ⅱ） 基因的表达情况，及其与腹腔淋巴结转移的关系，探讨ＳＳ 及ＳＳＲⅡ在胃癌发生、发展和转移中的作用．方法　外科手术切除的胃癌标本３６ 例，分为２ 组：腹腔淋巴结转移组（Ａ 组）２０ 例，男１７ 例，女３ 例，年龄５８－４ 岁±１４－８ 岁；Ｂ 组（ 无淋巴结转移）１６ 例，男１４ 例，女２ 例，年龄６０－５ 岁±１４－２ 岁． 大体标本离体后立即取癌灶、癌旁和远处正常组织，应用ＲＩＡ 法检测其ＳＳ 含量、同位素掺入ＲＴＰＣＲ 法检测ＳＳＲⅡ基因表达情况（ 以ｃｐ ｍ 高低间接反映基因的表达强弱） ．结果　Ａ，Ｂ 两组的年龄和性别分布无显著性差异（ Ｐ＞ ０－０５） ．癌灶ＳＳ 含量明显低于癌旁和正常粘膜（ Ｐ＜ ０－０５） ，但Ａ，Ｂ 两组间的差异无统计学差异（ｐ ｍｏｌ／ ｇ ，Ａ 组：Ｃ １５ ±８ ，Ｐ３０ ±８ ， Ｎ３２ ±１１ ；Ｂ 组：Ｃ １６ ±９ ， Ｐ３２ ±１０ ， Ｎ ３６ ±１２） ．Ａ 组癌灶ＳＳＲⅡ基因表达明显低于癌旁和远处粘膜（ Ｐ＜ ０－０１） ，也低于Ｂ 组癌灶的ＳＳＲⅡ的表达（     

柳氮磺胺吡啶对大鼠乙酸性溃疡性结肠炎肠组织中氧自由基的影响

目的探讨柳氮磺胺吡啶（ＳＡＳＰ）治疗大鼠乙酸性溃疡性结肠炎（ＵＣ）时清除氧自由基（ＯＦＲ）的特性．方法ＳＡＳＰ灌胃治疗大鼠乙酸性ＵＣ后，检测肠组织中的超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）、丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量，评价其炎症指数，并与生理盐水（ＮＳ）治疗对照组比较．结果ＳＡＳＰ组和ＮＳ组ＳＯＤ含量（Ｕ／ｇ）分别为７９９８±３４４１和６３６４±２４５５．ＳＡＳＰ组和ＮＳ组ＭＤＡ含量（ｎｍｏｌ／ｇ）分别为２１５６±２０８、３５２４±４４８．ＮＳ组和ＳＡＳＰ组炎症指数分别为１６５±５１９、６３０±１２５．ＳＡＳＰ组ＳＯＤ含量显著高于ＮＳ组（７９９８±３４４１对６３６４±２４５５，Ｐ＜００１），ＳＡＳＰ组ＭＤＡ含量明显低于ＮＳ组（２１５６±２０８对３５２４±４４８，Ｐ＜００１）．ＮＳ组炎症指数明显高于ＳＡＳＰ组（１６５±５１９对６３０±１２５，Ｐ＜００１）．结论ＳＡＳＰ为氧自由基清除剂，是治疗溃疡性结肠炎的主要机理之一．     

非小细胞肺癌组织蛋白酶D的表达及与预后的关系

目的探讨组织蛋白酶Ｄ（ＣＤ）表达与肺癌患者预后的关系。方法采用链霉抗生物素蛋白－过氧化物酶（Ｓ－Ｐ）快速免疫组织化学法检测非小细胞肺癌（ＮＳＣＬＣ）患者肺癌组织和配对淋巴结标本中ＣＤ表达。结果６６％（４２／６４）的肺癌组织ＣＤ表达阳性，其中鳞癌为５７％（１７／３０），腺癌为７４％（２５／３４）。在３５例转移淋巴结标本中，２０例５７％ＣＤ阳性。Ⅲ～Ⅳ期肺癌病例中，肺癌组织ＣＤ表达高于Ⅰ～Ⅱ期病例（Ｐ＜０．０５）。腺癌伴有淋巴结转移组，ＣＤ表达显著高于淋巴结阴性组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论肺癌组织ＣＤ高表达与肿瘤临床分期和腺癌的淋巴结转移关系密切，ＣＤ有可能作为ＮＳＣＬＣ患者的预后指标。     

大肠癌EGF受体和增殖细胞核抗原表达的预后意义

目的研究大肠癌表皮生长因子受体（ＥＧＦＲ）和增殖细胞核抗原（ＰＣＮＡ）表达和评价对大肠癌预后的意义。方法应用免疫组化ＬＳＡＢ法检测ＥＧＦＲ和ＰＣＮＡ对有随访资料的大肠癌的表达。结果正常大肠粘膜未发现ＥＧＦＲ阳性表达，而大肠癌有较高表达（７７０％）。ＰＣＮＡ阳性表达中，大肠癌（４６４±２６５％）明显高于正常粘膜（１５１±５４％，Ｐ＜００５）。ＥＧＦＲ表达与大肠癌Ｄｕｋｅｓ分期有关（Ｐ＜００５）。ＰＣＮＡ表达与大肠癌分化程度及Ｄｕｋｅｓ分期有关（Ｐ＜００５）。大肠癌４年生存率ＥＧＦＲ和ＰＣＮＡ表达＞６５％组均明显低于＜２５％组（Ｐ＜００５），ＥＧＦＲ＿ＬＩ和ＰＣＮＡ＿ＬＩ与生存期均有明显负相关。结论ＥＧＦＲ和ＰＣＮＡ表达与大肠癌的进展程度有关，对大肠癌预后的评估有重要价值。     

非小细胞肺癌DNA指数及增殖活性与病理特征的关系

目的探讨DNA指数（DI）、增殖指数（PI）及合成期细胞比值（SPF）与非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）临床病理指标的关系。方法应用流式细胞仪对60例肺癌新鲜组织及20例良性病变的肺新鲜组织的DI、PI和SPF进行测定,并结合临床病理资料分析其意义。结果 DI、PI、SPF在NSCLC组织中阳性表达率显著高于良性病变肺组织（P〈0.05）,SPF与NSCLC临床分期、淋巴结转移相关（P〈0.05）。结论 DI改变、增殖活性的增加与NSCLC的侵袭、转移相关,DNA含量及细胞增殖活性测定有助于进一步研究NSCLC的生物学行为。     

Factors influencing tumor cell kinetics in cervical cancer

Fresh tumor tissues instead of paraffin-embedded sections were used to study the clinical significance of the tumor cell kinetics in cervical carcinomas by flow cytometry. We analyzed specimens from 153 women with cervical cancer, and DNA aneuploidy was found in 61 cases (39.9%). The mean age of patients with aneuploid tumors was significantly higher than the age of patients with diploid tumors (P<0.001). The mean proliferation index for aneuploid tumors was significantly higher than those for diploid tumors. There was a significant correlation between the proliferation index and age. However, tumor cell kinetics is not related to the status of human papillomavirus, herpes simplex virsuses I and II, lymph nodes, histology or tumor size. The mean age and S-phase fraction for stage-II tumors were significantly higher than those for stage-I tumors (P<0.01). The tumors of menopausal patients exhibited a relatively higher rate of lymph node metastasis, and significantly higher aneuploidy rate and proliferation index than tumors of premenopausal patients. In summary, age and, what is more important, menopausal status may significantly influence DNA ploidy and cell kinetics of tumors, and subsequently influence clinical stage and lymph node metastasis. However, tumor cell kinetics is of limited value in the prediction of lymph node metastasis and prognosis.Abbreviations HPV human papillomavirus - HSV herpes simplex virus Supported by a grant from the National Science Council of Taiwan (NSC-83-0412-B002-107)     

Significance of effector protease receptor-1 expression and its relationship with proliferation and apoptotic index in patients with primary advanced gastric adenocarcinoma

AIM: To investigate the expression of effector protease receptor-1 (EPR-1), proliferative index ki-67 and apoptosis index in patients with primary advanced gastric adenocarcinoma and to clarify the significance of EPR-1 expression and its correlationship with the proliferation and apoptosis indexes. METHODS: Using immunohistochemical staining and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated nick end labelling (TUNEL) technique, we determined the expression of EPR-1, proliferative index (Ki-67) and apoptotic index (AI) in 120 paraffin-embedded specimens of primary advanced gastric adenocarcinoma as well as lymph node metastasis and adjacent normal tissues. RESULTS: EPR-1 expression was distributed in the cytoplasm of normal gastric mycoderma, carcinoma cells and smooth muscle cells. The positive rate of EPR-1 expression in the primary gastric adenocarcinomas, invasion tumor node and lymph node metastasis was 65.83%, 55.29% and 68%, respectively. While the positive rate in normal gastric mycoderma and smooth muscle cells was 46.7% and 53.3%, respectively. The average positive rate of ki-67 in EPR-1-positive tumors was 7.00% which was significantly lower than that of 8.53% in EPR-1-negative tumors, but the average AI in EPR-1-positive tumors was 1.25%, which was significantly higher than that of 1.00% observed in EPR-1-negative tumors. On the other hand, the average positive labeling index for Ki-67 (ki-67) in EPR-1-positive lymph node metastasis was 7.65%, which was significantly lower than that of 9.44% observed in EPR-1-negative lymph node metastasis. However, the average AI in EPR-1-positive lymph node metastasis tumors was 0.99%, which was significantly higher than that of 0.67% observed in EPR-1-negative lymph node metastasis. CONCLUSION: The frequency of EPR-1 expression was significantly higher in primary gastric adenocarcinoma and in its lymph node metastasis than that in normal gastric mucosa. Expression of EPR-1 was significantly correlated with tumor histological subtypes and tumor differentiation. Weighted EPR-1 Score is positively correlated with apoptosis index, but is negatively related with proliferative index. Thus, Weighted EPR-1 Score and EPR-1 expression in gastric adenocarcinoma cells maybe a potential marker in clinical setting.     

可切除性肺癌胸内淋巴结转移的临床研究

目的　探讨可切除性肺癌的胸内淋巴结转移规律。方法　收集１９９２ 年１ 月～１９９８ 年７月可切除性肺癌１６０ 例,在肺癌术中分区摘除肺门淋巴结（Ｎ１） 和纵隔淋巴结（Ｎ２）,记录各区淋巴结的数量、大小和颜色,按区检查每一个淋巴结有无转移癌。结果　１６０ 例肺癌中有淋巴结转移者９９ 例（６１－９％ ）,Ｎ２ 转移者７３ 例（４５－６％ ） 。离肺门或肺根部最近的１１、１０ 、７、５ 和４ 区淋巴结的转移频度较高,较远的９、６、３、２ 和１ 区则明显降低。淋巴结≥２ ｃｍ 的癌转移度为６０－７ ％ 、≥１ ｃｍ 为１５－５％ 、＜ １ｃｍ 为４－３％ 。有转移癌的最小淋巴结为０－２ ｃｍ 。小细胞肺癌（ＳＣＬＣ）的淋巴结转移明显高于非小细胞肺癌（ＮＳＣＬＣ）（ Ｐ＜ ０－０５） 。结论　多数肺癌的淋巴结转移遵循由近向远、由下向上、由肺内经肺门向纵隔顺序转移的规律。淋巴结转移与肿瘤的部位、大小、病程均无关,ＳＣＬＣ更易发生淋巴结转移。确诊淋巴结有无转移癌必须依靠病理检查。     

Relationship between DNA ploidy and survival in patients with exocrine pancreatic cancer

The DNA ploidy of pancreatic cancer tissue from paraffin blocks was measured by flow cytometry in 46 patients whose disease had been detected and treated with surgery. Lymph node involvement was observed at the time of diagnosis in 36% of patients with diploid tumors and in 79% of patients with aneuploid tumors (p = 0.017), but no clear relation to metastasis could be observed (p = 0.201). The S-phase fraction (SPF) was significantly higher in aneuploid than in diploid tumors (p = 0.007). All patients who underwent radical surgery had diploid DNA content and SPF below the median (11.5%). Seven patients with a diploid tumor (32%) and none of the aneuploid cases survived 1 year. Over the 1-year period, in order of importance, the type of treatment (p less than 0.001), DNA ploidy (p = 0.004), tumor size (p = 0.0046), and lymph node status (p = 0.027) predicted survival. Aneuploidy showed a significant association with decreased cumulative survival (p = 0.015), and a suggestive relationship with SPF was found. The results suggest that DNA ploidy of pancreatic cancer can be used in dividing the patients into different prognostic groups. The value of the detection of aneuploidy, however, is limited, because diploid pancreatic cancers are also generally rapidly fatal.     

T1肺癌淋巴结转移特点及临床意义

目的探讨T1肺癌淋巴结转移频度、分布范围及特点,为淋巴结清除术提供依据.方法按Naruke肺癌淋巴结分布图对215例T1肺癌施行了手术及广泛肺内、叶间、纵隔淋巴结清除术并对其进行统计分析.结果清除淋巴结1 674组.N1转移率11%,N2转移率6%.肿瘤最大直径≤1.5 cm㎝和1.6～3.0 cm者的淋巴结转移率分别为5%和8%.肿瘤最大直径≤1.5 cm的鳞癌N1、N2均无转移.N2转移在鳞癌、腺癌、小细胞癌分别为5%、23%和3/9,差异有极显著性(P＜0.01).N2转移鳞癌为某一组淋巴结转移的为3/4,腺癌≥3组转移占40%,跳跃式转移占N2转移的41%.N2阳性上叶肺癌下纵隔转移占14%,N2阳性下叶肺癌上纵隔转移占60%.结论瘤体增大,淋巴结转移频度增加,腺癌比鳞癌转移活跃,小细胞癌最活跃,肺癌可跨区域纵隔转移.除肿瘤最大直径≤1.5 cm的鳞癌不进行淋巴结清除亦有可能达到根治外,其余类型T1肺癌均应广泛清除肺内及纵隔淋巴结.     

Sentinel Node Mapping for Colorectal Cancer With Radioactive Tracer

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to test the feasibility and accuracy of radioactivity-guided mapping of the first lymph nodes found in draining the primary tumor site for colorectal cancer. METHODS: We enrolled 56 consecutive patients with preoperative diagnosis of curatively resectable colorectal cancer. Endoscopic injection of technetium Tc 99m-labeled tin colloid (15 MBq) was performed preoperatively, and radioactive sentinel nodes were identified intraoperatively with a gamma probe. Standard radical resection with lymph node dissection was performed in all patients, and all resected nodes were evaluated by routine histopathologic examination. RESULTS: Radioactivity-guided methods were used to detect sentinel nodes in 51 (91 percent) of 56 patients. The number of lymph nodes resected was 23.9 +/- 15.2 per case. The number of sentinel nodes was 3.5 +/- 2.1 (range, 0-8) per case. In 18 of 22 patients with lymph node metastasis, the sentinel node was positive. The incidence of metastasis in the sentinel node (22 percent) was significantly higher than that in nonsentinel nodes (3 percent, P < 0.01). Diagnostic accuracy according to sentinel node status was 92 percent (47/51). Four false-negative cases in this study were advanced cases with T3 primary tumors. The detection rate and diagnostic accuracy for patients with T1 or T2 primary tumors (29 cases) were 100 percent each. CONCLUSION: Intraoperative radioactivity-guided sentinel node mapping was accurate for patients with colorectal cancer with T1 or T2 tumors. The results suggest that sentinel node mapping and intraoperative biopsy may be a sensitive and specific diagnostic method for detecting metastasis in regional lymph nodes in patients with colorectal cancer.     

Perigastric lymph nodes with metastasis in gastric cancer.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: We analyzed the significance of metastasis to the subdivided perigastric lymph node stations according to the distance from the primary gastric cancer, and the appropriateness of the recent change in the Union Internacional Contra la Cancrum (UICC) tumor node metastasis (TNM) system. METHODOLOGY: Gastrectomy was performed in 753 patients with gastric cancer. The perigastric lymph nodes were divided into 6 stations according to the Japanese classification. These were subdivided into 2 categories according to the distance from the primary tumor: -1, nodes within 3 cm of the edge of the tumor; and -2, nodes more than 3 cm from the edge of the tumor. Survival rates were calculated with the Kaplan-Meier method, and the difference between each group was evaluated by the log-rank method. RESULTS: The frequency of metastasis to the subdivided perigastric lymph node stations, numbered 1-1 to 6-2, varied between 10.0% and 41.1%. The 5-year survival rate of the patients with positive 6-1 lymph node was higher than that of the patients with positive 6-2 lymph node (31.5% and 17.5%, P = 0.0032). There were no statistically significant differences in survival between subgroups of patients who had metastatic lymph node in the other 5 stations. The frequency of metastasis to other regional lymph nodes in patients with N2 perigastric lymph nodes was higher than that in patients with N1 perigastric lymph nodes. CONCLUSIONS: Subdivision of the perigastric lymph nodes had little advantage. Elimination of the old system of classifying perigastric lymph nodes according to distance from the tumor is appropriate.     

Predictive risk factors for lymph node metastasis in patients with small size non-small cell lung cancer

Background

Accurate clinical staging of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is essential for developing an optimal treatment strategy. This study aimed to determine the predictive risk factors for lymph node metastasis, including both N1 and N2 metastases, in clinical T1aN0 NSCLC patients.

Methods

We retrospectively evaluated clinical T1aN0M0 NSCLC patients who showed no radiologic evidence of lymph node metastasis, and who had undergone surgical pulmonary resection with systematic mediastinal node dissection or sampling at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University between January 2011 and June 2013. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify predictive factors for node metastasis.

Results

Pathologically positive lymph nodes were found in 16.2% (51/315) of the patients. Positive N1 nodes were found in 12.4% (39/315) of the patients, and positive N2 nodes were identified in 13.0% (41/315) of the patients. Some 9.2% (29/315) of the patients had both positive N1 and N2 nodes, and 3.8% (12/315) of the patients had nodal skip metastasis. Variables of preoperative radiographic tumor size, non-upper lobe located tumors, high carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels and micropapillary predominant adenocarcinoma (AC) were identified as predictors for positive N1 or N2 node multivariate analysis.

Conclusions

Pathologically positive lymph nodes were common in small size NSCLC patients with clinical negative lymph nodes. Therefore, preoperative staging should be performed more thoroughly to increase accuracy, especially for patients who have the larger size, non-upper lobe located, high CEA level or micropapillary predominant ACs.     

Optimal extent of lymph node dissection for T1 gastric cancer, with special reference to the distribution of micrometastasis, and accuracy of preoperative diagnosis for wall invasion

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Preoperative diagnosis for wall invasion and lymph node metastasis is sometimes difficult in T1 gastric cancer. Optimum dissection extent of lymph nodes for T1 gastric cancer was studied from the aspect of subclassification of wall invasion and lymph node metastasis including micrometastasis. METHODOLOGY: 184 patients with cT1 or pT1 gastric cancer were studied. The grade of clinical wall invasion (cT) and clinical lymph node status (cN) were diagnosed by endoscopy and computed tomography or intraoperative findings. Lymph node metastasis (pN) was studied by hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemistry (IHC). RESULTS: In 79 cM tumors, 60 (75.9%) were diagnosed as pM. In 88 cSM tumors, 42 (47.7%) were diagnosed as pSM. In 94 pM gastric cancers, micrometastases were found in two patients (2.1%) and in N1 stations. Two (1.9%) of 70 pSM cancers had micrometastasis in No. 7, 8a and 12a stations. Lymph node metastasis (pN) correlated significantly with the depth of tumor invasion, lymphatic invasion and venous invasion. Regarding the pN2 stations, one (1.1%) of 94 pM tumors had lymph node metastasis in No.7 station, and 9 (12.9%) of 70 pSM tumors had nodal involvement in No.7, 8a, 11p, 12a and 14v stations. All eight pN+/cM tumors were diagnosed as nN0 and four (1.4%) of 23 pN+/cSM tumors were correctly diagnosed as pN+. In contrast, 8 (9.9%) of 81 cN0/cM tumors and 19 (24.1%) of 79 cN0/cSM tumors had histological lymph node metastasis (pN+). CONCLUSIONS: Accuracy of the clinical diagnosis of lymph node metastasis is very low. Accordingly, prophylactic lymph node dissection is recommended even for cT1 and cN0 tumors. For cN0/cM cancer, D1+No.7 is recommended. D1+No.7, 8a, 9, 11p is recommended for cSM cancer, located in U or M region and additional dissection of No. 14v is recommended for cSM cancer located in L region.